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In Modern English, you is the second-person pronoun. It is grammatically plural, and was historically used only for the dative case, but in most^{[citation needed]} modern dialects is used for all cases and numbers.

History

You comes from the Proto-Germanic demonstrative base *juz-, *iwwiz from Proto-Indo-European *yu- (second-person plural pronoun).^[1] Old English had singular, dual, and plural second-person pronouns. The dual form was lost by the twelfth century,^[2]^: 117 and the singular form was lost by the early 1600s.^[3] The development is shown in the following table.^[2]^{: 117, 120, 121}

Second-person pronoun in Old English, Middle English, & Modern English
	Singular			Dual			Plural
	OE	ME	Mod	OE	ME	Mod	OE	ME	Mod
Nominative	þu	þu		ġit			ġe	ȝē	you
Accusative	þe	þē		inc			ēow	ȝou
Dative	þe	þē		inc			ēow	ȝou
Genitive	þīn	þī(n)		incer			ēower	ȝour(es)	your(s)

Early Modern English distinguished between the plural ye and the singular thou. As in many other European languages, English at the time had a T–V distinction, which made the plural forms more respectful and deferential; they were used to address strangers and social superiors.^[3] This distinction ultimately led to familiar thou becoming obsolete in modern English, although it persists in some English dialects.

Yourself had developed by the early 14th century, with the plural yourselves attested from 1520.^[4]

Morphology

In Standard Modern English, you has five shapes representing six distinct word forms:^[5]

you: the nominative (subjective) and accusative (objective or oblique case^[6]^: 146) forms
your: the dependent genitive (possessive) form
yours: independent genitive (possessive) form
yourselves: the plural reflexive form
yourself: the singular reflexive form

Plural forms from other varieties

Although there is some dialectal retention of the original plural ye and the original singular thou, most English-speaking groups have lost the original forms. Because of the loss of the original singular-plural distinction, many English dialects belonging to this group have innovated new plural forms of the second person pronoun. Examples of such pronouns sometimes seen and heard include:

y'all, or you all – southern United States,^[7] African-American Vernacular English, the Abaco Islands,^[8] St. Helena^[8] and Tristan da Cunha.^[8] Y'all however, is also occasionally used for the second-person singular in the North American varieties.
you guys [ju gajz~juɣajz] – United States,^[9] particularly in the Midwest, Northeast, South Florida and West Coast; Canada, Australia. Gendered usage varies; for mixed groups, "you guys" is nearly always used. For groups consisting of only women, forms like "you girls" or "you gals" might appear instead, though "you guys" is sometimes used for a group of only women as well.
you lot – United Kingdom,^[10] Palmerston Island,^[11] Australia
you mob – Australia^[12]
you-all, all-you – Caribbean English,^[13] Saba^[11]
a(ll)-yo-dis – Guyana^[13]
allyuh – Trinidad and Tobago^[14]
among(st)-you – Carriacou, Grenada, Guyana,^[13] Utila^[11]
wunna – Barbados^[13]
yinna – Bahamas^[13]
unu/oona – Jamaica, Belize, Cayman Islands, Barbados,^[13] San Salvador Island^[8]
yous(e) – Ireland,^[15] Tyneside,^[16] Merseyside,^[17] Central Scotland,^[18] Australia,^[19] Falkland Islands,^[8] New Zealand,^[11] Philadelphia,^[20] parts of the midwest^{[clarification needed]},^[21] Cape Breton and rural Canada^{[citation needed]}
yous(e) guys – in the United States, particularly in New York City region, Philadelphia, Northeastern Pennsylvania, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan;^{[citation needed]}
you-uns, or yinz – Western Pennsylvania, the Ozarks, the Appalachians^[22]
ye, yee, yees, yiz – Ireland,^[23] Tyneside,^[24] Newfoundland and Labrador^[11]

Semantics

You prototypically refers to the addressee along with zero or more other persons, excluding the speaker. You is also used to refer to personified things (e.g., why won't you start? addressed to a car).^[25] You is always definite even when it is not specific.

Semantically, you is both singular and plural, though syntactically it is always plural: it always takes a verb form that originally marked the word as plural, (i.e. you are, in common with we are and they are).

Third person usage

You is used to refer to an indeterminate person, as a more common alternative to the very formal indefinite pronoun one.^[26] Though this may be semantically third person, for agreement purposes, you is always second person.

Example: "One should drink water frequently" or "You should drink water frequently".

Syntax

Agreement

You always triggers plural verb agreement, even when it is semantically singular.

Functions

You can appear as a subject, object, determiner or predicative complement.^[5] The reflexive form also appears as an adjunct. You occasionally appears as a modifier in a noun phrase.

Subject: You're there; your being there; you paid for yourself to be there.
Object: I saw you; I introduced her to you; You saw yourself.
Predicative complement: The only person there was you.
Dependent determiner: I met your friend.
Independent determiner: This is yours.
Adjunct: You did it yourself.
Modifier: (no known examples)

Dependents

Pronouns rarely take dependents, but it is possible for you to have many of the same kind of dependents as other noun phrases.

Relative clause modifier: you who believe
Determiner: the real you; *the you
Adjective phrase modifier: the real you; *real you
Adverb phrase external modifier: Not even you

Pronunciation

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the following pronunciations are used:


Form	Plain	Unstressed	Recording
you	(UK) /juː/ (US) /jə/	/ju/ /jə/	female speaker with US accent
your	(UK) /jɔː/ (US) /jɔr/	/jʊə/ /jʊ(ə)r/	female speaker with US accent
yours	(UK) /jɔːz/ (US) /jɔrz/	/jʊəz/ /jʊ(ə)rz/	female speaker with US accent
yourselves	(UK) /jɔːˈsɛlvz/, /jʊəˈsɛlvz/ (US) /jɔrˈsɛlvz/, /jʊrˈsɛlvz/	/jəˈsɛlvz/ /jərˈsɛlvz/
yourself	(UK) /jɔːˈsɛlf/, /jʊəˈsɛlf/ (US) /jɔrˈsɛlf/, /jʊrˈsɛlf/	/jəˈsɛlf/ /jərˈsɛlf/	female speaker with US accent

References

^ "Origin and meaning of it". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
^ ^a ^b Blake, Norman, ed. (1992). The Cambridge history of the English Language: Volume II 1066–1476. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
^ ^a ^b "thee". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
^ "yourselves". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
^ ^a ^b Huddleston, Rodney; Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2002). The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge University Press.
^ Lass, Roger, ed. (1999). The Cambridge history of the English Language: Volume III 1476–1776. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
^ Rios, Delia M (2004-06-01). "'You-guys': It riles Miss Manners and other purists, but for most it adds color to language landscape". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Schreier, Daniel; Trudgill, Peter; Schneider, Edgar W.; Williams, Jeffrey P., eds. (2013). The Lesser-Known Varieties of English: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139487412.
^ Jochnowitz, George (1984). "Another View of You Guys". American Speech. 58 (1): 68–70. doi:10.2307/454759. JSTOR 454759.
^ Finegan, Edward (2011). Language: Its Structure and Use. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc p. 489. ISBN 978-0495900412
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Williams, Jeffrey P.; Schneider, Edgar W.; Trudgill, Peter; Schreier, Daniel, eds. (2015). Further Studies in the Lesser-Known Varieties of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02120-4.
^ "Expressions". The Aussie English Podcast. Archived from the original on Aug 23, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Allsopp, Richard (2003) [1996]. Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. Kingston: The University of the West Indies Press. ISBN 978-976-640-145-0.
^ "Dictionary of Trinidad and Tobago". Chateau Guillaumme Bed and Breakfast.
^ Dolan, T. P. (2006). A Dictionary of Hiberno-English. Gill & Macmillan. p. 26. ISBN 978-0717140398
^ Wales, Katie (1996). Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English. Cambridge University Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0521471022
^ Kortmann, Bernd; Upton, Clive (2008). Varieties of English: The British Isles. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 378. ISBN 978-3110196351
^ Taavitsainen, Irma; Jucker, Andreas H. (2003). Diachronic Perspectives on Address Term Systems. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 351. ISBN 978-9027253484
^ Butler, Susan (Aug 30, 2013). "Pluralising 'you' to 'youse'". www.macquariedictionary.com.au. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
^ My sweet | Philadelphia Inquirer | 02/03/2008 Archived April 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
^ McClelland, Edward (Feb 6, 2017). "Here's hoping all youse enjoy this". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
^ Rehder, John B. (2004). Appalachian folkways. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7879-4. OCLC 52886851.
^ Howe, Stephen (1996). The Personal Pronouns in the Germanic Languages: A Study of Personal Morphology and Change in the Germanic Languages from the First Records to the Present Day. p. 174. Walter de Gruyter & Co. ISBN 978-3110146363
^ Graddol, David et al. (1996). English History, Diversity and Change. Routledge. p. 244. ISBN 978-0415131186
^ "you, pron., adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
^ Garner, Bryan A. (2016). Garner's Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press. p. 651. ISBN 978-0-19-049148-2.

[1] "Origin and meaning of it". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-03-20.

[:03-2] Blake, Norman, ed. (1992). The Cambridge history of the English Language: Volume II 1066–1476. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[etymonline.com-3] "thee". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-03-29.

[4] "yourselves". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-03-29.

[:142-5] Huddleston, Rodney; Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2002). The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge University Press.

[:02-6] Lass, Roger, ed. (1999). The Cambridge history of the English Language: Volume III 1476–1776. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[7] Rios, Delia M (2004-06-01). "'You-guys': It riles Miss Manners and other purists, but for most it adds color to language landscape". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2007-03-30.

[:1-8] Schreier, Daniel; Trudgill, Peter; Schneider, Edgar W.; Williams, Jeffrey P., eds. (2013). The Lesser-Known Varieties of English: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139487412.

[9] Jochnowitz, George (1984). "Another View of You Guys". American Speech. 58 (1): 68–70. doi:10.2307/454759. JSTOR 454759.

[10] Finegan, Edward (2011). Language: Its Structure and Use. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc p. 489. ISBN 978-0495900412

[:2-11] Williams, Jeffrey P.; Schneider, Edgar W.; Trudgill, Peter; Schreier, Daniel, eds. (2015). Further Studies in the Lesser-Known Varieties of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02120-4.

[12] "Expressions". The Aussie English Podcast. Archived from the original on Aug 23, 2018.

[:0-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Allsopp, Richard (2003) [1996]. Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. Kingston: The University of the West Indies Press. ISBN 978-976-640-145-0.

[cguillaumme-14] "Dictionary of Trinidad and Tobago". Chateau Guillaumme Bed and Breakfast.

[15] Dolan, T. P. (2006). A Dictionary of Hiberno-English. Gill & Macmillan. p. 26. ISBN 978-0717140398

[16] Wales, Katie (1996). Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English. Cambridge University Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0521471022

[17] Kortmann, Bernd; Upton, Clive (2008). Varieties of English: The British Isles. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 378. ISBN 978-3110196351

[18] Taavitsainen, Irma; Jucker, Andreas H. (2003). Diachronic Perspectives on Address Term Systems. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 351. ISBN 978-9027253484

[19] Butler, Susan (Aug 30, 2013). "Pluralising 'you' to 'youse'". www.macquariedictionary.com.au. Retrieved 2016-02-02.

[20] My sweet | Philadelphia Inquirer | 02/03/2008 Archived April 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

[21] McClelland, Edward (Feb 6, 2017). "Here's hoping all youse enjoy this". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2020-03-10.

[Rehder_2004-22] Rehder, John B. (2004). Appalachian folkways. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7879-4. OCLC 52886851.

[23] Howe, Stephen (1996). The Personal Pronouns in the Germanic Languages: A Study of Personal Morphology and Change in the Germanic Languages from the First Records to the Present Day. p. 174. Walter de Gruyter & Co. ISBN 978-3110146363

[24] Graddol, David et al. (1996). English History, Diversity and Change. Routledge. p. 244. ISBN 978-0415131186

[25] "you, pron., adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-03-29.

[26] Garner, Bryan A. (2016). Garner's Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press. p. 651. ISBN 978-0-19-049148-2.

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 {{pp-semi-indef}}
 {{Wiktionary|you|yours|your|yourself|yourselves}}{{italic title}}
-In [[Modern English]], '''''you''''' is the [[Grammatical person|second-person]] [[English pronouns|pronoun]]. It is [[Grammatical number|grammatically plural]], and was historically used only for the [[dative case]], but in most {{fact|date=November 2021}} modern dialects is used for all cases and numbers.
+In [[Modern English]], '''''you''''' is the [[Grammatical person|second-person]] [[English pronouns|pronoun]]. It is [[Grammatical number|grammatically plural]], and was historically used only for the [[dative case]], but in most{{fact|date=November 2021}} modern dialects is used for all cases and numbers.
 == History ==
-{{Further|Old English pronouns|Proto-Germanic pronouns|Proto-Indo-European pronouns}}''You'' comes from the [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] [[demonstrative]] base *''juz''-, *''iwwiz'' from [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] *''yu''- (second person plural pronoun).<ref>{{Cite web|title=it {{!}} Origin and meaning of it by Online Etymology Dictionary|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/it|access-date=2021-03-20|website=www.etymonline.com|language=en}}</ref> [[Old English]] had singular, dual, and plural second-person pronouns. The dual form was lost by the twelfth century,<ref name=":03">{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge history of the English Language: Volume II 1066–1476|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1992|editor-last=Blake|editor-first=Norman|location=Cambridge}}</ref>{{Rp|117}} and the singular form was lost by the early 1600s.<ref name="etymonline.com">{{Cite web|title=thee {{!}} Search Online Etymology Dictionary|url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=thee|access-date=2021-03-29|website=www.etymonline.com}}</ref> The development is shown in the following table.<ref name=":03" />{{Rp|117, 120, 121}}
+{{Further|Old English pronouns|Proto-Germanic pronouns|Proto-Indo-European pronouns}}''You'' comes from the [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] [[demonstrative]] base *''juz''-, *''iwwiz'' from [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] *''yu''- (second-person plural pronoun).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origin and meaning of it |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/it |access-date=2021-03-20 |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |language=en}}</ref> [[Old English]] had singular, dual, and plural second-person pronouns. The dual form was lost by the twelfth century,<ref name=":03">{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge history of the English Language: Volume II 1066–1476|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1992|editor-last=Blake|editor-first=Norman|location=Cambridge}}</ref>{{Rp|117}} and the singular form was lost by the early 1600s.<ref name="etymonline.com">{{Cite web |title=thee |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=thee |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> The development is shown in the following table.<ref name=":03" />{{Rp|117, 120, 121}}
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Second-person pronoun in Old English, [[Middle English]], & Modern English
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 |-
 !Nominative
-|''þu''
+|''{{Lang|ang|þu}}''
-|''þu''
+|{{Lang|enm|þu}}
 | rowspan="4" |
-|''ġit''
+|''{{Lang|ang|ġit}}''
 | colspan="2" rowspan="4" |
-|''ġe''
+|''{{Lang|ang|ġe}}''
-|''ȝē''
+|{{Lang|enm|ȝē}}
 | rowspan="3" |''you''
 |-
 !Accusative
-| rowspan="2" |''þe''
+| rowspan="2" |''{{Lang|ang|þe}}''
-| rowspan="2" |''þē''
+| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|enm|þē}}
-| rowspan="2" |''inc''
+| rowspan="2" |''{{Lang|ang|inc}}''
-| rowspan="2" |''ēow''
+| rowspan="2" |''{{Lang|ang|ēow}}''
-| rowspan="2" |''ȝou''
+| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|enm|ȝou}}
 |-
 ![[Dative case|Dative]]
 |-
 !Genitive
-|''þīn''
+|''{{Lang|ang|þīn}}''
-|''þī''(''n'')
+|{{Lang|enm|þī(n)}}
-|''incer''
+|''{{Lang|ang|incer}}''
-|''ēower''
+|''{{Lang|ang|ēower}}''
-|''ȝour''(''es'')
+|{{Lang|enm|ȝour(es)}}
 |''your''(''s'')
 |}
-Early Modern English distinguished between the plural ''[[ye (pronoun)|ye]]'' and the singular ''[[thou]]''. As in many other European languages, English at the time had a [[T–V distinction]], which made the plural forms more respectful and deferential; they were used to address strangers and social superiors.<ref name="etymonline.com"/> This distinction ultimately led to familiar ''thou'' becoming obsolete in modern English, although it [[Thou#Persistence of second-person singular|persists in some English dialects]].
+[[Early Modern English]] distinguished between the plural ''{{Lang|en-emodeng|[[Ye (pronoun)|ye]]|italic=yes}}'' and the singular ''{{Lang|en-emodeng|[[thou]]|italic=yes}}''. As in many other European languages, English at the time had a [[T–V distinction]], which made the plural forms more respectful and deferential; they were used to address strangers and social superiors.<ref name="etymonline.com"/> This distinction ultimately led to familiar ''thou'' becoming obsolete in modern English, although it [[Thou#Persistence of second-person singular|persists in some English dialects]].
-''Yourself'' had developed by the early 14th century, with the plural ''yourselves'' attested from 1520.<ref>{{Cite web|title=yourselves {{!}} Search Online Etymology Dictionary|url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=yourselves|access-date=2021-03-29|website=www.etymonline.com}}</ref>
+''Yourself'' had developed by the early 14th century, with the plural ''yourselves'' attested from 1520.<ref>{{Cite web |title=yourselves |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=yourselves |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref>
 == Morphology ==
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 ===Plural forms from other varieties===
 Although there is some dialectal retention of the original plural ''ye'' and the original singular ''thou'', most English-speaking groups have lost the original forms. Because of the loss of the original singular-plural distinction, many English dialects belonging to this group have innovated new plural forms of the second person pronoun. Examples of such pronouns sometimes seen and heard include:
-* ''[[y'all]]'', or ''you all''&nbsp;– [[southern United States]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Rios|first=Delia M|date=2004-06-01|title='You-guys': It riles Miss Manners and other purists, but for most it adds color to language landscape|publisher=[[The Seattle Times]]|url=http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=youguys01&date=20040601|access-date=2007-03-30}}</ref> [[African American Vernacular English]], the [[Abaco Islands]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=The Lesser-Known Varieties of English: An Introduction|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=9781139487412|editor-last=Schreier|editor-first=Daniel|location=Cambridge|editor-last2=Trudgill|editor-first2=Peter|editor-last3=Schneider|editor-first3=Edgar W.|editor-last4=Williams|editor-first4=Jeffrey P.}}</ref> [[Saint Helena|St. Helena]]<ref name=":1"/> and [[Tristan da Cunha]].<ref name=":1" /> ''Y'all'' however, is also occasionally used for the second person singular in the North American varieties.
+* ''[[y'all]]'', or ''you all''&nbsp;– [[Southern American English|southern United States]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Rios |first=Delia M |date=2004-06-01 |title='You-guys': It riles Miss Manners and other purists, but for most it adds color to language landscape |publisher=[[The Seattle Times]] |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=20040601&slug=youguys01 |access-date=2007-03-30}}</ref> [[African-American Vernacular English]], the [[Abaco Islands]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Lesser_Known_Varieties_of_English/-TGSgT2SyH0C?hl=en |title=The Lesser-Known Varieties of English: An Introduction |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9781139487412 |editor-last=Schreier |editor-first=Daniel |location=Cambridge |editor-last2=Trudgill |editor-first2=Peter |editor-last3=Schneider |editor-first3=Edgar W. |editor-last4=Williams |editor-first4=Jeffrey P.}}</ref> [[Saint Helena|St. Helena]]<ref name=":1"/> and [[Tristan da Cunha]].<ref name=":1" /> ''Y'all'' however, is also occasionally used for the second-person singular in the North American varieties.
-* ''you guys'' [ju gajz~juɣajz]&nbsp;– United States,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jochnowitz|first=George|year=1984|title=Another View of You Guys|journal=American Speech|volume=58|issue=1|pages=68–70|doi=10.2307/454759|jstor=454759}}</ref> particularly in the Midwest, Northeast, South Florida and West Coast; Canada, Australia. Gendered usage varies; for mixed groups, "you guys" is nearly always used. For groups consisting of only women, forms like "you girls" or "you gals" might appear instead, though "you guys" is sometimes used for a group of only women as well.
+* ''{{Wikt-lang|en|you guys|italic=no}}'' [ju gajz~juɣajz]&nbsp;– United States,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jochnowitz|first=George|year=1984|title=Another View of You Guys|journal=American Speech|volume=58|issue=1|pages=68–70|doi=10.2307/454759|jstor=454759}}</ref> particularly in the Midwest, Northeast, South Florida and West Coast; [[Canadian English|Canada]], [[Australian English|Australia]]. Gendered usage varies; for mixed groups, "you guys" is nearly always used. For groups consisting of only women, forms like "you girls" or "you gals" might appear instead, though "you guys" is sometimes used for a group of only women as well.
-* ''you lot''&nbsp;– UK,<ref>Finegan, Edward (2011). ''Language: Its Structure and Use''. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc p. 489. {{ISBN|978-0495900412}}</ref> [[Palmerston Island]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Further Studies in the Lesser-Known Varieties of English|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-107-02120-4|editor-last=Williams|editor-first=Jeffrey P.|location=Cambridge|editor-last2=Schneider|editor-first2=Edgar W.|editor-last3=Trudgill|editor-first3=Peter|editor-last4=Schreier|editor-first4=Daniel}}</ref> Australia
+* ''{{Wikt-lang|en|you lot|italic=no}}''&nbsp;– [[British English|United Kingdom]],<ref>Finegan, Edward (2011). ''[[iarchive:languageitsstru000fine|Language: Its Structure and Use]]''. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc p. 489. {{ISBN|978-0495900412}}</ref> [[Palmerston Island]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Further_Studies_in_the_Lesser_Known_Vari/z1a3BwAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=Further Studies in the Lesser-Known Varieties of English |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-107-02120-4 |editor-last=Williams |editor-first=Jeffrey P. |location=Cambridge |editor-last2=Schneider |editor-first2=Edgar W. |editor-last3=Trudgill |editor-first3=Peter |editor-last4=Schreier |editor-first4=Daniel}}</ref> Australia
-* ''you mob'' – Australia<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Aussie English Podcast|url=https://theaussieenglishpodcast.com/tag/expression/}}</ref>
+* ''you mob'' – Australia<ref>{{Cite web |title=Expressions |url=https://theaussieenglishpodcast.com/tag/expression/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823041922/https://theaussieenglishpodcast.com/tag/expression/ |archive-date=Aug 23, 2018 |website=The Aussie English Podcast}}</ref>
-* ''you-all, all-you'' – [[Caribbean English]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Allsopp|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcari0000unse|title=Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage|date=2003|publisher=The University of the West Indies Press|isbn=978-976-640-145-0|location=Kingston|orig-year=1996|url-access=registration}}</ref> [[Saba (island)|Saba]]<ref name=":2" />
+* ''{{Wikt-lang|en|you-all|italic=no}}, all-you'' – [[Caribbean English]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Allsopp|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcari0000unse|title=Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage|date=2003|publisher=The University of the West Indies Press|isbn=978-976-640-145-0|location=Kingston|orig-year=1996|url-access=registration}}</ref> [[Saban English|Saba]]<ref name=":2" />
 * ''a(ll)-yo-dis''&nbsp;– [[Guyana]]<ref name=":0" />
-* ''allyuh'' – [[Trinidad and Tobago]]<ref name="cguillaumme">{{Cite web|title=Dictionary of Trinidad and Tobago|url=https://cguillaumme.caribsurf.net/dictionary.html}}</ref>
+* ''allyuh'' – [[Trinidadian and Tobagonian English|Trinidad and Tobago]]<ref name="cguillaumme">{{Cite web |title=Dictionary of Trinidad and Tobago |url=https://cguillaumme.caribsurf.net/dictionary.html |website=Chateau Guillaumme Bed and Breakfast}}</ref>
 * ''among(st)-you''&nbsp;– [[Carriacou]], [[Grenada]], Guyana,<ref name=":0" /> [[Útila|Utila]]<ref name=":2" />
-* ''wunna'' – [[Barbados]]<ref name=":0" />
+* ''{{Wikt-lang|en|wunna|italic=no}}'' – [[Barbados]]<ref name=":0" />
 * ''yinna'' – [[The Bahamas|Bahamas]]<ref name=":0" />
-* ''unu/oona'' –  [[Jamaica]], [[Belize]], [[Cayman Islands]], Barbados,<ref name=":0" /> [[San Salvador Island]]<ref name=":1" />
+* ''{{Wikt-lang|en|unu|italic=no}}/oona'' –  [[Jamaican English|Jamaica]], [[Belize]], [[Cayman Islands English|Cayman Islands]], Barbados,<ref name=":0" /> [[San Salvador Island]]<ref name=":1" />
-* ''yous(e)''&nbsp;– [[Hiberno-English|Ireland]],<ref>Dolan, T. P. (2006). ''A Dictionary of Hiberno-English''. Gill & Macmillan. p. 26. {{ISBN|978-0717140398}}</ref> [[Geordie|Tyneside]],<ref>Wales, Katie (1996). ''Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English''. Cambridge University Press. p. 76. {{ISBN|978-0521471022}}</ref> [[Scouse|Merseyside]],<ref>Kortmann, Bernd; Upton, Clive (2008). ''Varieties of English: The British Isles''. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 378. {{ISBN|978-3110196351}}</ref> Central Scotland,<ref>Taavitsainen, Irma; Jucker, Andreas H. (2003). ''Diachronic Perspectives on Address Term Systems''. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 351. {{ISBN|978-9027253484}}</ref> Australia,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Butler|first=Susan|title=Pluralising 'you' to 'youse'|url=https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/news/view/editor/article/148/|access-date=2016-02-02|website=www.macquariedictionary.com.au}}</ref> Falkland Islands,<ref name=":1" /> New Zealand,<ref name=":2" /> [[Philadelphia English|Philadelphia]],<ref>[http://www.philly.com/inquirer/currents/15153756.html My sweet | Philadelphia Inquirer | 02/03/2008<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422175131/http://www.philly.com/inquirer/currents/15153756.html|date=April 22, 2008}}</ref> parts of the midwest,<ref>{{Cite web|last=McClelland|first=Edward|title=Here's hoping all youse enjoy this|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/commentary/ct-language-yinz-youse-perspec-ya-ll-you-guys-perspec-0207-jm-20170206-story.html|access-date=2020-03-10|website=chicagotribune.com}}</ref> [[Cape Breton Island|Cape Breton]] and rural [[Canada]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}
+* ''{{Wikt-lang|en|youse|yous(e)|italic=no}}''&nbsp;– [[Hiberno-English|Ireland]],<ref>Dolan, T. P. (2006). ''[[iarchive:dictionaryofhibe0000dola|A Dictionary of Hiberno-English]]''. Gill & Macmillan. p. 26. {{ISBN|978-0717140398}}</ref> [[Geordie|Tyneside]],<ref>Wales, Katie (1996). ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Personal_Pronouns_in_Present_Day_English/d68sHzfpWVMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English]''. Cambridge University Press. p. 76. {{ISBN|978-0521471022}}</ref> [[Scouse|Merseyside]],<ref>Kortmann, Bernd; Upton, Clive (2008). ''[[iarchive:britishisles0000unse_o6i2|Varieties of English: The British Isles]]''. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 378. {{ISBN|978-3110196351}}</ref> Central Scotland,<ref>Taavitsainen, Irma; Jucker, Andreas H. (2003). ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Diachronic_Perspectives_on_Address_Term/92SqCciTOIQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT358&printsec=frontcover Diachronic Perspectives on Address Term Systems]''. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 351. {{ISBN|978-9027253484}}</ref> Australia,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Butler |first=Susan |date=Aug 30, 2013 |title=Pluralising 'you' to 'youse' |url=https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/news/view/editor/article/148/ |access-date=2016-02-02 |website=www.macquariedictionary.com.au}}</ref> [[Falkland Islands English|Falkland Islands]],<ref name=":1" /> [[New Zealand English|New Zealand]],<ref name=":2" /> [[Philadelphia English|Philadelphia]],<ref>[http://www.philly.com/inquirer/currents/15153756.html My sweet | Philadelphia Inquirer | 02/03/2008<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422175131/http://www.philly.com/inquirer/currents/15153756.html|date=April 22, 2008}}</ref> parts of the midwest{{Clarify|date=March 2023|reason=Midewst of where?}},<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClelland |first=Edward |date=Feb 6, 2017 |title=Here's hoping all youse enjoy this |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/commentary/ct-language-yinz-youse-perspec-ya-ll-you-guys-perspec-0207-jm-20170206-story.html |access-date=2020-03-10 |website=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> [[Cape Breton Island|Cape Breton]] and rural [[Canada]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}
-* ''yous(e) guys''&nbsp;– in the United States, particularly in [[New York City]] region, [[Philadelphia]], [[Northeastern Pennsylvania]], and the [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan]];{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}
+* ''yous(e) guys''&nbsp;– in the United States, particularly in [[New York City English|New York City]] region, [[Philadelphia]], [[Northeastern Pennsylvania]], and the [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan]];{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}
-* ''[[you-uns]], or'' ''[[yinz]]''&nbsp;– [[Western Pennsylvania]], The [[Ozarks]], The [[Appalachians]]<ref name="Rehder 2004">{{cite book|last=Rehder|first=John B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MU-43z3ZiToC&q=%22you+ones%22+appalachia&pg=PA300|title=Appalachian folkways|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8018-7879-4|location=Baltimore|oclc=52886851}}</ref>
+* ''[[you-uns|you-uns, or yinz]]''&nbsp;– [[Western Pennsylvania English|Western Pennsylvania]], the [[Ozarks]], the [[Appalachian English|Appalachians]]<ref name="Rehder 2004">{{cite book|last=Rehder|first=John B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MU-43z3ZiToC&q=%22you+ones%22+appalachia&pg=PA300|title=Appalachian folkways|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8018-7879-4|location=Baltimore|oclc=52886851}}</ref>
-* ''[[ye (pronoun)|ye]], yee,'' ''yees,'' ''yiz''&nbsp;– Ireland,<ref>Howe, Stephen (1996). ''The Personal Pronouns in the Germanic Languages: A Study of Personal Morphology and Change in the Germanic Languages from the First Records to the Present Day''. p. 174. Walter de Gruyter & Co. {{ISBN|978-3110146363}}</ref> Tyneside,<ref>Graddol, David et al. (1996). ''English History, Diversity and Change''. Routledge. p. 244. {{ISBN|978-0415131186}}</ref> Newfoundland and Labrador<ref name=":2" />
+* ''[[ye (pronoun)|ye]], {{Wikt-lang|en|yee|italic=no}},'' ''{{Wikt-lang|en|yees|italic=no}},'' ''{{Wikt-lang|en|yiz|italic=no}}'' – Ireland,<ref>Howe, Stephen (1996). ''The Personal Pronouns in the Germanic Languages: A Study of Personal Morphology and Change in the Germanic Languages from the First Records to the Present Day''. p. 174. Walter de Gruyter & Co. {{ISBN|978-3110146363}}</ref> Tyneside,<ref>Graddol, David et al. (1996). ''[[iarchive:englishhistorydi0000unse|English History, Diversity and Change]]''. Routledge. p. 244. {{ISBN|978-0415131186}}</ref> Newfoundland and Labrador<ref name=":2" />
 == Semantics ==
-''You'' prototypically refers to the [[Grammatical person|addressee]] along with zero or more other [[person]]s, excluding the speaker. ''You'' is also used to refer to personified things (e.g., ''why won't you start?'' addressed to a car).<ref>{{Cite web|title=you, pron., adj., and n. : Oxford English Dictionary|url=https://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/232147|access-date=2021-03-29|website=www.oed.com|language=en}}</ref> ''You'' is always [[Definiteness|definite]] even when it is not [[Specificity (linguistics)|specific]].
+''You'' prototypically refers to the [[Grammatical person|addressee]] along with zero or more other [[person]]s, excluding the speaker. ''You'' is also used to refer to personified things (e.g., ''why won't you start?'' addressed to a car).<ref>{{Cite web |title=you, pron., adj., and n. |url=https://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/232147 |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=Oxford English Dictionary |language=en}}</ref> ''You'' is always [[Definiteness|definite]] even when it is not [[Specificity (linguistics)|specific]].
 Semantically, ''you'' is both singular and plural, though syntactically it is always plural: it always takes a [[verb]] form that originally marked the word as plural, (i.e. ''you are'', in common with ''we are'' and ''they are'').
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 ===Third person usage===
 {{Details|Generic you||}}
-''You'' is used to refer to an indeterminate person, as a more common alternative to the very formal [[indefinite pronoun]] ''[[One (pronoun)|one]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|page=651 |last1=Garner |first1=Bryan A. |author-link1= Bryan A. Garner|title=Garner's Modern English Usage |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-049148-2}}</ref> Though this may be semantically third person, for agreement purposes, ''you'' is always second person.
+''You'' is used to refer to an indeterminate person, as a more common alternative to the very formal [[indefinite pronoun]] ''[[One (pronoun)|one]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Garner |first1=Bryan A. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Garner_s_Modern_English_Usage/mSjnCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA651&printsec=frontcover |title=Garner's Modern English Usage |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-049148-2 |page=651 |author-link1=Bryan A. Garner}}</ref> Though this may be semantically third person, for agreement purposes, ''you'' is always second person.
 :Example: "''One'' should drink water frequently" or "''You'' should drink water frequently".
@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 === Agreement ===
-''You'' always triggers plural verb agreement, even when it is semantically singular.
+''You'' always triggers plural verb [[Agreement (linguistics)|agreement]], even when it is semantically singular.
 === Functions ===
@@ Line 116: / Line 116: @@
 == Pronunciation ==
-According to the [[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]], the following pronunciations are used:
+According to the [[Oxford English Dictionary|''Oxford English Dictionary'']], the following pronunciations are used:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+
@@ Line 161: / Line 161: @@
 ==See also==
+* [[Generic you]]
 * [[English personal pronouns]]
 * [[Thou]]
-* [[Generic you]]
 * [[Y'all]]
 * [[Yinz]]

v t e Modern English personal pronouns
I he she it who one we you they (standard)
y'all ye yinz (non-standard)
See also Modern English English personal pronouns and third-person pronouns