Ulmus chenmoui: Difference between revisions
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|name = ''Ulmus chenmoui'' |
|name = ''Ulmus chenmoui'' |
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|image = Ulmus chenmoui.jpg |
|image = Ulmus chenmoui.jpg |
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|image_caption = Chenmou |
|image_caption = Chenmou elm at [[Morton Arboretum]] |
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|status = EN |
|status = EN |
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|status_system = IUCN2.3 |
|status_system = IUCN2.3 |
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|binomial_authority = [[Wan Chun Cheng|W.C.Cheng]] |
|binomial_authority = [[Wan Chun Cheng|W.C.Cheng]] |
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'''''Ulmus chenmoui''''' <small>W. C. Cheng</small>, commonly known as the '''Chenmou''', or '''Langya Mountain, |
'''''Ulmus chenmoui''''' <small>W. C. Cheng</small>, commonly known as the '''Chenmou''', or '''Langya Mountain, elm''', is a small [[deciduous]] tree from the more temperate provinces of [[Anhui]] and [[Jiangsu]] in eastern China, where it is found at elevations below 200 m on the Langya Shan and Baohua Shan mountains.<ref name=Fu,a>Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). ''China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1''. Science Press, Beijing.</ref><ref name=Fu,b>Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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==Pests and diseases== |
==Pests and diseases== |
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''U. chenmoui'' has a very high resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]], on a par with ''[[Ulmus pumila]]'',<ref name=Heybroek>{{cite journal | last = Heybroek | first=Hans M.|journal = Proceedings of the Dutch Elm Disease symposium and workshop, October 5–9, Winnipeg, Manitoba|title = The Japanese elm species and their value for the Dutch elm breeding program|pages = 78-90|date=1981|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/2055474/1/MPKV-1936.pdf}}</ref> and is eschewed by the |
''U. chenmoui'' has a very high resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]], on a par with ''[[Ulmus pumila]]'',<ref name=Heybroek>{{cite journal | last = Heybroek | first=Hans M.|journal = Proceedings of the Dutch Elm Disease symposium and workshop, October 5–9, Winnipeg, Manitoba|title = The Japanese elm species and their value for the Dutch elm breeding program|pages = 78-90|date=1981|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/2055474/1/MPKV-1936.pdf}}</ref> and is eschewed by the elm leaf beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]'', but has a moderate susceptibility to [[elm yellows]] <ref name=Mittempergher,a>{{cite journal|first1=L.|last1=Mittempergher|first2=N.|last2=La Porter|journal=Silvae Genetica|title=Hybridization studies in the Eurasian species of elm (Ulmus spp.)|volume=40|date=1991|pages=237-243|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nicola_La_Porta/publication/307906515_Hybridization_studies_in_Eurasian_species_of_elms_Ulmus_spp/links/57d13d1208ae0c0081e00b89/Hybridization-studies-in-Eurasian-species-of-elms-Ulmus-spp.pdf}}</ref> |
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[http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm].<ref>Sfalanga, A, Martini, M., Surico, G., & Bertaccini, A. (2002). Involvement of phytoplasmas in a decline of Ulmus chenmoui in Central Italy. ''Forest Pathology'', Vol. 32, Issue 4-5, 265-275, August 2002.</ref> |
[http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm].<ref>Sfalanga, A, Martini, M., Surico, G., & Bertaccini, A. (2002). Involvement of phytoplasmas in a decline of Ulmus chenmoui in Central Italy. ''Forest Pathology'', Vol. 32, Issue 4-5, 265-275, August 2002.</ref> |
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The UK [[Tree Register of the British Isles|TROBI]] Champion grows at the [[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]] near [[Romsey]], Hampshire; planted in 1994, it measured 8 m high by 22 cm [[diameter at breast height|d.b.h.]] in 2010.<ref name=Johnson>Johnson, O. (2011). ''Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland'', p. 168. Kew Publishing, Kew, London. {{ISBN|9781842464526}}.</ref> |
The UK [[Tree Register of the British Isles|TROBI]] Champion grows at the [[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]] near [[Romsey]], Hampshire; planted in 1994, it measured 8 m high by 22 cm [[diameter at breast height|d.b.h.]] in 2010.<ref name=Johnson>Johnson, O. (2011). ''Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland'', p. 168. Kew Publishing, Kew, London. {{ISBN|9781842464526}}.</ref> |
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==Cultivars |
==Cultivars and hybrid cultivars== |
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There are no known [[cultivar]]s of this taxon. ''U. chenmoui'' has been hybridized with the Dutch clone '405' (''U. × hollandica'' × ''U. minor'') by the [[Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante]] (IPP), [[Florence]], to create [[Ulmus 'Morfeo'|'Morfeo']], a robust, fast-growing tree patented and released to commerce in 2011. IPP also hybridized ''U. chenmoui'' with the early Dutch hybrid cultivar [[Ulmus 'Groeneveld'|'Groeneveld']], identifying the new cultivar as 'FL522', however there are no plans to release it to commerce. |
There are no known [[cultivar]]s of this taxon. ''U. chenmoui'' has been hybridized with the Dutch clone '405' (''U. × hollandica'' × ''U. minor'') by the [[Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante]] (IPP), [[Florence]], to create [[Ulmus 'Morfeo'|'Morfeo']], a robust, fast-growing tree patented and released to commerce in 2011. IPP also hybridized ''U. chenmoui'' with the early Dutch hybrid cultivar [[Ulmus 'Groeneveld'|'Groeneveld']], identifying the new cultivar as 'FL522', however there are no plans to release it to commerce. |
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Revision as of 10:52, 2 July 2017
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| Chenmou elm at Morton Arboretum | |
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| Species: | U. chenmoui
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| Binomial name | |
| Ulmus chenmoui | |
Ulmus chenmoui W. C. Cheng, commonly known as the Chenmou, or Langya Mountain, elm, is a small deciduous tree from the more temperate provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu in eastern China, where it is found at elevations below 200 m on the Langya Shan and Baohua Shan mountains.[1][2]
Description
Although the tree can grow to a height of < 20 m, the slender trunk rarely exceeds 0.5 m d.b.h.; the bark exfoliates in irregular flakes. The wing-less twigs bear comparatively large obovate to oblong leaves < 18 cm in length [3], with doubly serrate margins and caudate to acuminate apices. Leaves of specimens grown in the USA developed a thick pubescence, giving them a greyish appearance, but this has not been reciprocated in English - grown trees. The perfect wind-pollinated apetalous flowers are produced on second-year shoots in March; the samarae are obovate < 25 mm long by 17 mm wide and ripen in April.
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U. chenmoui foliage -
U. chenmoui samarae
Pests and diseases
U. chenmoui has a very high resistance to Dutch elm disease, on a par with Ulmus pumila,[3] and is eschewed by the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola, but has a moderate susceptibility to elm yellows [4] [4].[5]
Cultivation
The tree is rare in cultivation in the West, but was under evaluation by Dr George Ware at the Morton Arboretum, Illinois, in 2009,[6] and by Mittempergher in Italy.[7] It also featured in elm trials conducted by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) on gravelly soils in the Bois de Vincennes, Paris, but most specimens were killed by drought. Trees grown from seed obtained from the hills near Chu-hsien gave a more encouraging performance in the Netherlands where rather surprisingly, for a species accustomed to milder climes, they survived the cold winter of 1980/81 completely unscathed when temperatures fell to -19 °C [3] The tree is not currently known to be in commerce beyond the United States.
Notable trees
The UK TROBI Champion grows at the Sir Harold Hillier Gardens near Romsey, Hampshire; planted in 1994, it measured 8 m high by 22 cm d.b.h. in 2010.[8]
Cultivars and hybrid cultivars
There are no known cultivars of this taxon. U. chenmoui has been hybridized with the Dutch clone '405' (U. × hollandica × U. minor) by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), Florence, to create 'Morfeo', a robust, fast-growing tree patented and released to commerce in 2011. IPP also hybridized U. chenmoui with the early Dutch hybrid cultivar 'Groeneveld', identifying the new cultivar as 'FL522', however there are no plans to release it to commerce.
Etymology
The species was named for Mr Chen Mou, assistant in Dendrology at the National Central University (now Nanjing University) circa 1933, by W C Cheng.[9]
Accessions
North America
- Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois. Planted in West Collections Area. No acc. details.
- Denver Botanic Gardens. No acc. details.
- Morton Arboretum, Illinois. Acc. nos. 47-95, 105-98, 128-98, 72-2011, 195-2011. [5]
- U S National Arboretum [6], Washington, D.C., United States. Acc. nos. 68979, 76220, 76221, 76222, 68032.
Europe
- Grange Farm Arboretum, Sutton St James, Spalding, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 508
- Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, UK. Acc. no. 1994:0328, 3 specimens planted 1993 in the Crookhill Field. Measured in 2005, all were between 5 m and 7 m tall.
- Verrières le Buisson Arboretum (private), Paris, France. Details not known
Nurseries
- North America
- Sunshine Nursery [7], Clinton, Oklahoma, USA.
- Urban Forest Nursery [8], Mount Vernon, Washington, USA
- Europe
- Pan-Global Plants [9], Frampton-on-Severn, Gloucestershire, UK.
References
- ^ Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1. Science Press, Beijing.
- ^ Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [1]
- ^ a b Heybroek, Hans M. (1981). "The Japanese elm species and their value for the Dutch elm breeding program" (PDF). Proceedings of the Dutch Elm Disease symposium and workshop, October 5–9, Winnipeg, Manitoba: 78–90.
- ^ Mittempergher, L.; La Porter, N. (1991). "Hybridization studies in the Eurasian species of elm (Ulmus spp.)" (PDF). Silvae Genetica. 40: 237–243.
- ^ Sfalanga, A, Martini, M., Surico, G., & Bertaccini, A. (2002). Involvement of phytoplasmas in a decline of Ulmus chenmoui in Central Italy. Forest Pathology, Vol. 32, Issue 4-5, 265-275, August 2002.
- ^ Dirr, M. (2009). 'Future Tree Selections'. Western, Spring 2009, p.8. Western Nursery & Landscape Association, St Joseph, Missouri.[2]
- ^ Mittempergher, L; Santini, A (2004). "The history of elm breeding" (PDF). Investigacion agraria: Sistemas y recursos forestales. 13 (1): 161–177.
- ^ Johnson, O. (2011). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland, p. 168. Kew Publishing, Kew, London. ISBN 9781842464526.
- ^ Cheng, Wan-chun (1958). "Five New Species of Ulmus in China". Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science). 1 (1): 68–77.