Hensley Henson

Hensley Henson
Bishop of Durham
Church	Church of England
See	Durham
In office	1920–1939
Predecessor	Handley Moule
Successor	Alwyn Williams
Personal details
Born	1863 London
Died	1947 Hintlesham, Suffolk
Previous post(s)	Bishop of Hereford Vicar of Barking (1888) Rector of St Margaret’s and canon of Westminster (1900) Dean of Durham (1915)

"St Margaret's". Caricature by WH published in Vanity Fair in 1912.

Herbert Hensley Henson (known as Hensley; 1863–1947) was an Anglican priest, a controversialist and Bishop of Durham. In the public eye from 1892 after an outburst at a diocesan conference in which he referred to dissenting Protestant churches as “emissaries of Satan”, Henson provoked some bemusement among his peers by entitling his autobiography Retrospect of an Unimportant Life.

Henson was conscious that a significant part of a diocesan bishop’s job must be to accept the responsibilities of a “great national officer”, and even before his elevation to the episcopal bench never avoided speaking his mind publicly on matters which he felt appropriate for a cleric, and continued to do so until his retirement in 1941.

Henson the controversialist

In the aftermath of the second Dreyfus trial of 1899, Henson castigated the French Roman Catholic Church in his published sermons. In 1912, while canon of Westminster Abbey, he named from the pulpit the three British directors of the Putumayo Rubber Company, furious at their acquiescence in the notorious atrocities which the company committed against its Peruvian Indian labour force. In the more strictly ecclesiastical sphere he was vociferous for inter-communion between the Church of England and all regular Protestant churches, no doubt partly to make amends for his outburst of 1892, which he always regretted. Henson was in some respects a theological liberal, seeking, in the words of Owen Chadwick, to “restate the doctrines of the Church of England in such a way that they will not offend intelligent men”. His nomination as Bishop of Hereford in 1917 provoked what Henson himself called a “heresy hunt”. Until 1928 he was a prominent antidisestablishmentarian. As Bishop of Durham during the years of the Great Depression in the United Kingdom, Henson spoke out against what he saw as the immorality of the coal-mining unions’ strikes, although fully alive to the hardships suffered by individual miners, and active in local attempts to provide meaningful work for the unemployed. From 1935 onwards he was prominent too among those who protested against the British Government's acceptance of Mussolini’s invasion of Abyssinia. In the course of a widely reported speech in the House of Lords in May 1938, Henson castigated the prevailing policy of appeasement, referring to Lord Halifax’s abandonment of Abyssinia as “the cold sophistry of a cynical opportunism”. In the late 1930s he was characteristically uncompromising in his condemnation of the anti-semitic policies of Nazi Germany. In 1940, at Churchill’s personal request, and at the age of 77, Henson was persuaded out of retirement to take up for a second time a Westminster canonry “as a piece of war-work”.

Legacy

These public utterances, expressed in language of at times devastating clarity, were ultimately of little influence in the affairs of Church or State. Henson referred to himself as a "lone wolf", a "back number". On the one occasion when his personal position was thoroughly in tune with the feeling of the times – his war-time residency at Westminster – failing eyesight and the interruptions of the blitz made his preaching ineffectual. By inclination a historian (Prize Fellow of All Souls at the age of 20), his increasing involvement in public controversy, and work as Vicar of Barking (1888), Rector of St Margaret’s and canon of Westminster (1900), Dean of Durham (1915), Bishop of Hereford, then finally as Bishop of Durham, allowed him small leisure for scholarly pursuits. He may have hoped that his published sermons, journal and letters would, like those of one of his ecclesiastical heroes, Robertson of Brighton, ensure him a growing measure of continuing influence. It was, however, in the day to day fulfilment of the immediate responsibilities of his pastoral and administrative roles that he was agreed to have left the most effective legacy, by those of his contemporaries who knew him best.

In literature

The first book in Susan Howatch's Starbridge series, Glittering Images, carries a quotation from Henson's letters at the beginning of each chapter. In the novel's afterword, Howard acknowledges that the character of Bishop Jardine is based on Henson, whose career and early life are the basis for Howatch's fictional bishop. Howatch outlines the similarities in the two bishops' domestic arrangements as well, but makes no claim to have based the unusual details of Jardine's personal life on Henson's.

References

• H.H. Henson, Retrospect of an Unimportant Life (3 volumes 1942-50)
• Owen Chadwick, Hensley Henson: a study in the friction between Church and State, 1983