Mark Morris High School

For the activity period for children, see Recess. For the song see LazyTown (soundtrack).

Play Time
Directed by	Jacques Tati
Written by	Jacques Tati Jacques Lagrange Art Buchwald (add'l Eng. dialogue)
Produced by	Bernard Maurice René Silvera
Starring	Jacques Tati
Cinematography	Jean Badal Andréas Winding
Edited by	Gérard Pollicand
Music by	Francis Lemarque
Release dates	16 December Template:Fy (France) 27 June Template:Fy (US)
Running time	155 minutes ((director's cut) 103 minutes (US) 108 minutes (unrestored and cut) 126 minutes (restored)
Country	France
Language	French

Play Time is French director Jacques Tati's fourth major film, and generally considered to be his masterpiece work. It was shot in 1964 through 1967 and released in Template:Fy. In Play Time, Tati again plays Monsieur Hulot, a character who had appeared in some of his earlier films, including Mon Oncle and Les Vacances de Monsieur Hulot. However, by 1964 Tati had grown ambivalent towards playing Hulot as a recurring central role. Unable to dispense with the popular character altogether, Hulot appears intermittently in Play Time, alternating between central and supporting roles. Shot in 70mm, Play Time is notable for its enormous set, which Tati had built specially for the film, as well as Tati's trademark use of subtle, yet complex visual comedy supported by creative sound effects; dialogue is frequently reduced to the level of background noise.

Themes

Jacques Tati's M. Hultot held in "Tativille."
(detail)

In Play Time, Tati's character, M. Hulot, and a group of American tourists attempt to navigate a futuristic Paris made of glass and steel high-rise buildings, multi-lane roadways, and modern, plastic furnishings. Only the irrepressible nonconformity of human nature and people's love for beauty breathe life into the sterile urban environment. Modern industrial technologies, accepted by necessary by society, are represented by Tati as obstructions to daily life and an interference to natural human interaction.

Synopsis

Play Time is structured in six sequences, linked by two characters who repeatedly encounter one another in the course of a day: Barbara, a young American tourist visiting Paris with a group composed primarily of middle-aged American women, and Monsieur Hulot, a befuddled Frenchman lost in the new modernity of Paris. The sequences are as follows:

• The airport: the American tour group arrives at the ultra-modern and impersonal Orly Airport.
• The offices: M. Hulot arrives at one of the glass and steel buildings for an important meeting, but gets lost in a maze of disguised rooms and offices, eventually stumbling into a trade exhibition of lookalike business office designs and furniture nearly identical to those in the rest of the building.
• The trade exhibition: M. Hulot and the American tourists are introduced to the latest modern gadgets, including a door that slams "in golden silence" and a broom with headlights, while the Paris of legend goes all but unnoticed save for a flower-seller's stall and a single reflection in a glass window.
• The Apartments: as night falls, M. Hulot meets an old friend who invites him to his sparsely furnished, ultra-modern and glass-fronted flat. This sequence is filmed entirely from the street, observing Hulot and other building residents through uncurtained floor-to-ceiling picture windows.
• The Royal Garden: This sequence takes up almost the entire second half of the film. At the restaurant, Hulot reunites with several characters he has periodically encountered during the day, along with a few new ones, including a nostalgic ballad singer and a boisterous American businessman played by Billy Kearns.
• The carousel of cars: Hulot buys Barbara two small gifts as mementos of Paris before her departure. In the midst of a complex ballet of cars in a traffic circle, the tourists' bus returns to the airport.

Production

The office set for Jacques Tati's Play Time anticipated the dominance of office cubicle arrangements by some 20 years. The set was redressed for the trade exhibition sequence.

The film is famous for its enormous, specially constructed set and background stage, known as 'Tativille', which cost enormous sums to build and maintain. The set required a hundred construction workers to construct along with its own power plant. Storms, budget crises, and other disasters stretched the shooting schedule to three years. Budget overruns forced Tati to take out large loans and personal overdrafts to cover ever-increasing production costs.

As Play Time depended greatly on visual comedy and sound effects, Tati chose to shoot the film on the high-resolution 70mm film format, together with a complicated (for its day) stereophonic soundtrack.

To save money, some of the building facades and the interior of the Orly set were actually giant photographs. (The photographs also had the advantage of not reflecting the camera or lights.) The Paris landmarks Barbara sees reflected in the glass door are also photographs. Tati also used life-sized cutout photographs of people to save money on extras. These cutouts are noticeable in some of the cubicles when Hulot overlooks the maze of offices, and in the deep background in some of the shots at ground level from one office building to another.

Reception

On its original French release, Play Time was acclaimed by critics. However, it was commercially unsuccessful, failing to earn back a significant portion of its production costs.

One reason for the film's commercial failure may have been Tati's insistence that the film be limited to those theaters equipped with 70mm projectors and stereophonic sound (he refused to provide a 35mm version for smaller theaters). For another, audiences worldwide had come to love Tati's films for the character of M. Hulot; his reduction to an intermittent, occasionally supporting role in the new Tati film came as a disappointment to many (Tati himself lampooned the phenomenon in an early scene in Play Time, when a rain-coated pedestrian whose back is turned to the audience is mistakenly hailed as Hulot). Others disliked its nearly plotless story line, while those who only saw a single showing frequently missed the intricate, sometimes simultaneous comic sight gags performed in the various group scenes. A final reason for the film's poor reception may have been its release date; while the film's satire of modern life may have been cutting-edge when first conceptualized in 1959, by the end of 1967 such themes were old-hat to movie audiences.

Results were the same upon the film's eventual release in the U.S. in 1973 (even though it had finally been converted to a 35mm format at the insistence of U.S. distributors and edited down to 103 minutes). Though Vincent Canby of the New York Times called Playtime "Tati's most brilliant film", it was no more a commercial success in the U.S. than in France. Debts incurred as a result of the film's cost overruns eventually forced Tati to file for bankruptcy.

Despite its disastrous financial failure, Play Time is regarded as a great achievement by many critics. Most have noted its subtlety and complexity: it is not easily absorbed at one sitting. François Truffaut wrote that Play Time was "a film that comes from another planet, where they make films differently". British critic Gilbert Adair has noted that the film has to be viewed "several times, each from a different seat in the auditorium" in order to view the many small, tightly-choreographed sight gags by several different actors, sometimes displayed nearly simultaneously on the huge 70mm screen. Nor is the humor restricted to human behavior alone — a gag may revolve around an everyday object or phenomenon such as the mundane hum of a neon sign or the sound of whipped cream squirting out of a can.

Style

The apartments: Cubicles for living, standardized behavior on view. (Detail of a [screenshot])

Tati wanted the film to be in color but look like it was filmed in black and white; an effect he had previously employed to some extent in Mon Oncle. Predominant colors are in shades of grey, blue, black, and greyish white. Red and green are used as occasional accent colors: for example, the flashing red light on a switchboard, or the greenish hue of patrons lit by neon in a sterile and modern lunch counter. It has been said that Tati had one red item in every shot. Except for a single flower stall, there are no genuine plants or trees on the set. Plastic plants adorn the balconies of some buildings, including the restaurant (the one location shot apart from the road to the airport). Thus, when Barbara appears at the Royal Garden restaurant in an emerald green dress, she visually contrasts not only with all the other patrons but also with the entire physical environment of the film.

Tati detested close-ups, considering them crude, and shot in medium-format 70mm film so that actors and their physical behavior would be visible, even when they were in the far background of a group scene. He used sound rather than visual cues to direct the audience's attention; with the large image size, sound could be both high and low in the image as well as left and right. As with most Tati films, sound effects were utilized to intensify comedic effect; Leonard Maltin wrote that Tati was the "only man in movie history to get a laugh out of the hum of a neon sign!" Almost the entire film was dubbed after shooting; the editing process took nine months.

"If Play Time has a plot, it's how the curve comes to reassert itself over the straight line." This progression is carried out in numerous ways. At the beginning of the film, people walk in straight lines and turn on right angles. Only working-class construction workers (representing Hulot's 'old Paris', celebrated in Mon Oncle) and two music-loving teenagers move in a curvaceous and naturally human way. Some of this robotlike behavior begins to loosen in the restaurant scene near the end of the film, as the participants set aside their assigned roles and learn to enjoy themselves after a plague of opening-night disasters. Throughout the film, the American tourists are continually lined up and counted, though Barbara keeps escaping and must be frequently called back to conform with the others. By the end, she has united the curve and the line (Hulot's gift, a square scarf, is fitted to her round head); her straight bus ride back to the airport becomes lost in a seemingly endless traffic circle that has the atmosphere of a carnival ride.

Cast

When possible, Tati cast nonprofessionals. He wanted people whose inner essence matched their characters and who could move in the way he wanted.

• Jacques Tati as Monsieur Hulot
• Barbara Dennek as The young American tourist
• Jacqueline Lecomte as friend of Am. tourist
• Valérie Camille as Mr Lacs's secretary
• France Rumilly as seller of glasses
• Laure Paillette as 1st lady at the lamppost
• Colette Proust as 2nd lady at the lamppost
• Erica Dentzler as Mr/Mrs Giffard
• Yvette Ducreux as la demoiselle du vestiaire
• Rita Maiden as Mr Schultz's companion
• Nicole Ray as the singer
• Luce Bonifassy as customer at Royal Garden
• Evy Cavallaro as customer at Royal Garden
• Alice Field as customer at Royal Garden
• Eliane Firmin-Didot as customer at R. Garden

• Ketty France as customer at Royal Garden
• Nathalie Jam as customer at Royal Garden
• Olivia Poli as customer at Royal Garden
• Sophie Wennek as the guide
• Henri Piccoli as the important man
• Léon Doyen as the doorman
• Georges Montant as Mr Giffard, head waiter
• John Abbey as Mr Lacs
• Reinhart Kolldehoff as the German director
• Grégoire Katz as The German salesman
• Marc Monjou as the false Mr Hulot
• Yves Barsacq as Mr Hulot's friend
• Billy Kearns as Mr Schulz
• Michel Francini as Manager of the hotel

See also

• List of films recut by studio

External links

• Play Time at IMDb
• Playtime at the TCM Movie Database
• Playtime at AllMovie
• Details about distribution, the 2003 70mm restoration and historical data
• Criterion Collection essay by Jonathan Rosenbaum
• DVDTalk review of the 2006 Criterion DVD, and comparison with the 2001 version