Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) season 7 and Herodotus: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox dancingwiththestarsseason
{{Infobox Person
| name = Herodotus
| season_name = Dancing with the Stars (season 7)
| image = AGMA Hérodote.jpg
| headercolour =
| image_size = 220px
| image = [[Image:dwts7poster.jpg|250px]]
| caption = Ostensible [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] of '''Herodotus'''
| caption = Dancing with the Stars season seven Promotional Advertisement made by BLT & Associates
| birth_date = {{circa}} 484 BC
| celebrity_winner = TBD
| birth_place = [[Halicarnassus]], [[Caria]], [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]]
| professional_winner = TBD
| death_date = {{circa}} 425 BC
| country = [[United States]]
| death_place = [[Thurii]], [[Sicily]] or [[Pella]], [[Macedon]]
| network = [[American Broadcasting Company]]
| occupation = Historian
| first_aired = September 22, 2008
| father = Lyxes
| last_aired = November 25, 2008
| num_episodes = NA
| mother = Dryo
| spouse =
| prev_season = [[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 6)|6]]
| prev_series =
| children =
| next_season = 8
| next_series =
}}
}}
'''Herodotus''' of [[Halicarnassus]] ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]]: {{polytonic|Ἡρόδοτος Ἁλικαρνᾱσσεύς}} ''Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús'') was a [[Greeks|Greek]] [[historian]] who lived in the 5th century BC ({{circa}} 484 BC&ndash;{{circa}} 425 BC) and is regarded as the "Father of [[History]]" in Western culture. He was the first historian to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent and arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative.<ref>[[New Oxford American Dictionary]], "Herodotus", [[Oxford University Press]]</ref> He is almost exclusively known for writing ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]]'', a record of his "inquiries" (or {{polytonic|ἱστορίαι}}, a [[History#Etymology|word]] that passed into Latin and took on its modern meaning of ''history'') into the origins of the [[Greco-Persian Wars]] which occurred in 490 and 480-479 BC—especially since he includes a narrative account of that period, which would otherwise be poorly documented, and many long digressions concerning the various places and peoples he encountered during wide-ranging travels around the lands of the [[Mediterranean]] and [[Black Sea]]. Although some of his stories are not completely accurate, he states that he is only reporting what has been told to him.


==Biography==
The seventh season of ''[[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)|Dancing with the Stars]]'' premiered on September 22, 2008 as a part of [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]'s fall line-up. Instead of 12 couples like previous seasons, this will be the first season to showcase a lineup of 13 couples.
Much of what is known of Herodotus's life is gathered from his own work. Additional details have been garnered from the ''[[Suda]]'', an 11th-century encyclopaedia of the [[Byzantium]], which likely took its information from traditional accounts. It holds that he was born in [[Halicarnassus]] ([[Bodrum]] in present-day Turkey), the son of Lyxes and Dryo, and the brother of Theodorus, and that he was also related to Panyassis, an epic poet of the time. According to this account, after being exiled from Halicarnassus by the tyrant Lygdamis, Herodotus went to live on [[Samos Island|Samos]]. Later returning to the land of his birth, Herodotus took part in the ousting of Lygdamis. The traditional biography includes some time spent in [[Athens]], where he is said to have given public readings from his oeuvre and befriended the dramatist [[Sophocles]]. It also has Herodotus joining and founding the Hellenic colony Thurii in Southern Italy in 443 BC. His death and burial are placed either at Thurii or at Pella, in [[Macedon]], between 425 and 420 BC.


How much of this is correct we do not know. It was common practice in antiquity for the biographies of poets to be pieced together out of inferences drawn from their works. Something similar may have happened in Herodotus' case. His casting as a tyrannicide may simply reflect the pro-freedom attitude that he expresses in the ''Histories'', whereas the stays at Samos and Athens may have been invented to explain the pro-Samian and pro-Athenian bias that has often been thought to pervade his work. His exile from Halicarnassus may also be fictional: later historians, such as [[Thucydides]] and [[Xenophon]], underwent periods of exile, and their fate may have been retrospectively imposed on Herodotus by later writers.
[[Tom Bergeron]] and [[Samantha Harris]] return as the show's hosts. [[Len Goodman]], [[Bruno Tonioli]], and [[Carrie Ann Inaba]] continue as the judges this season.


==Historian==wierd guy
The official cast announcement was made on the morning of August 25, 2008 on ''[[Good Morning America]]''. This is the third season to have its cast announced on ''GMA''.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms8P1Yqwnss YouTube - DWTS Season 7 Announcement - Aug 25<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://dancing.abc.com Dancing With The Stars - Home - ABC.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
{{cquote|Circumstances rule men; men do not rule circumstances.}}
[[Image:Herodotus world map-en.svg|thumb|300px|Reconstruction of the [[Oikumene]] (inhabited world) Ancient Map from Herodotus circa 450 BC.]]
Herodotus provides much information concerning the nature of the world and the status of the sciences during his lifetime. He was arguably the first historian, and certainly the first to travel methodically around the known world in a bid to write more accurately, although this still involved second-hand and third-hand accounts relating to his primary subject, the Persian wars.


[[Image:Claude Vignon Croesus.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Croesus Receiving Tribute from a Lydian Peasant'', by [[Claude Vignon]].]]
==Couples==
He reports, for example, that the annual flooding of the [[Nile]] was said to be the result of melting snows far to the south, and he comments that he cannot understand how there can be snow in Africa, the hottest part of the known world, offering an elaborate explanation based on the way that desert winds affect the passage of the Sun over this part of the world (2:18ff). He also passes on dismissive reports from [[Phoenicia]]n sailors that, while circumnavigating [[Africa]], they "saw the sun on the right side while sailing westwards". Owing to this brief mention, which is put in almost as an afterthought, it has been argued that Africa was indeed circumnavigated by ancient seafarers, for this is precisely where the sun ought to have been.
{| align=center border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
! Celebrity
! width="30%" | Occupation/Claim to fame
! Professional partner
! width="20%" | Status
|-
| [[Jeffrey Ross]]
| <Center>Comedian
| [[Edyta Śliwińska]]
|bgcolor="#F4C7B8" align=center|Eliminated 1<sup>st</sup><br /><small>on September 23, 2008
|-
| [[Ted McGinley]]
| <Center>Actor
| [[Inna Brayer]]
|bgcolor="#F4C7B8" align=center|Eliminated 2<sup>nd</sup><br /><small>on September 24, 2008
|-
| [[Kim Kardashian]]
| <Center>[[Reality TV]] star
| [[Mark Ballas]]
|bgcolor="F4C7B8" align=center|Eliminated 3<sup>rd</sup><br /><small>on September 30, 2008
|-
|[[Misty May-Treanor]]
|<Center>[[Olympic Games|Olympic]] [[2008 Summer Olympics|Gold Medalist]] Volleyball Professional
|[[Maksim Chmerkovskiy]]
|bgcolor="lightgreen" align=center|Withdrew<sup></sup><br /><small>on October 6, 2008
|-
| [[Lance Bass]]
| <Center>[['N Sync]] Band Member
| [[Lacey Schwimmer]]
|bgcolor="BDE6F4" align=center|TBD<sup></sup><br /><small>
|-
| [[Toni Braxton]]
| <Center>[[Grammy Award]] Winning Singer
| [[Alec Mazo]]
|bgcolor="BDE6F4" align=center|TBD<sup></sup><br /><small>
|-
| [[Brooke Burke]]
| <Center>Model and Television Host
| [[Derek Hough]]
|bgcolor="BDE6F4" align=center|TBD<sup></sup><br /><small>
|-
| [[Rocco DiSpirito]]
| <Center>Celebrity Chef
| [[Karina Smirnoff]]
|bgcolor="BDE6F4" align=center|TBD<sup></sup><br /><small>
|-
| [[Maurice Greene (athlete)|Maurice Greene]]
| <Center>Olympic Gold Medalist [[sprint (race)|Sprinting]]
| [[Cheryl Burke]]
|bgcolor="BDE6F4" align=center|TBD<sup></sup><br /><small>
|-
| [[Cloris Leachman]]
| <Center>[[Academy Award|Oscar]] Winning Actress
| [[Corky Ballas]]
|bgcolor="BDE6F4" align=center|TBD<sup></sup><br /><small>
|-
| [[Cody Linley]]
| <Center>''[[Hannah Montana]]'' Star
| [[Julianne Hough]]
|bgcolor="BDE6F4" align=center|TBD<sup></sup><br /><small>
|-
| [[Susan Lucci]]
| <Center>[[Daytime Emmy Award]] Winning Actress
| [[Tony Dovolani]]
|bgcolor="BDE6F4" align=center|TBD<sup></sup><br /><small>
|-
| [[Warren Sapp]]
| <Center> [[NFL]] [[Defensive Tackle]]
| [[Kym Johnson]]
|bgcolor="BDE6F4" align=center|TBD<sup></sup><br /><small>
|}


Herodotus is one of the sources on [[Croesus]] and his fabulous treasures of [[gold]] and [[silver]], and many stories about his riches.
==Scoring Chart==
:<font color=red>'''Red numbers'''</font color> indicate the couples with the lowest score for each week.
:<font color="green">'''Green numbers'''</font color> indicate the couples with the highest score for each week.
:{{colorbox|orange}} indicates the couples eliminated that week.
:{{colorbox|lightblue}} indicates the returning couple that finished in the bottom two.
:{{colorbox|lightgreen}} indicates the returning couple was the last to be called safe (they may or may not have been in the bottom two).
:{{colorbox|#007BA7}} indicates the couple withdrew from the competition.
:{{colorbox|pink}} indicates the couple that wasn't eliminated, due to a withdrawal.
:{{colorbox|gold}} indicates the winning couple.
:{{colorbox|silver}} indicates the runner-up couple.
:{{colorbox|tan}} indicates the third-place couple.


Written between 431 and 425 BC, ''The Histories'' were divided by later editors into nine books, named after the nine [[Muses]] (the "Muse of History", [[Clio]], represented the first book).<ref>{{cite book |title=Larcher's Notes on Herodotus |last=Larcher |first=Pierre-Henri |year=1829 |publisher=John R. Priestley |location=London |pages=526 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Tpp5B39UlTMC&pg=PA526&lpg=PA526&dq=Herodotus+Muses&source=web&ots=fN1yLn78Kq&sig=TVDhDoGYj11kCRjDiHzuhxvj-iE&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result}}</ref> His accounts of [[India]] are among the oldest records of Indian civilzation by an outsider.<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_307.gif The Indian Empire] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], 1909, v. 2, p. 272.</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"
! Team
! Place
! 1A
! 1B
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 3+4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
|-
| Lance & Lacey
|
| <center>22
| <center>21
| <center>20
| bgcolor="lightgreen"|<center>22
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Toni & Alec
|
| <center>22
| bgcolor="lightgreen"|<center>23
| <center>23
| <center>22
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Brooke & Derek
|
|<center><font color="green">'''23'''</font>
|<center><font color="green">'''26'''</font>
|<center><font color="green">'''24'''</font>
|<center><font color="green">'''28'''</font>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Rocco & Karina
|
| <center>14
| <center>21
| <center>16
| bgcolor="pink"| <center>20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Maurice & Cheryl
|
| <center>18
| <center>21
| <center>19
| <center>24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Cloris & Corky
|
| <center>16
| <center><font color="red">''16''</font>
| bgcolor="lightgreen"|<center><font color="red">''15''</font>
| <center><font color="red">''16''</font>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Cody & Julianne
|
| <center>18
| <center>23
| <center>21
| <center>21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Susan & Tony
|
| <center>15
| <center>22
| <center>21
| <center>21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Warren & Kym
|
| <center>21
| <center>22
| <center><font color="green">'''24'''</font>
| <center>25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Misty & Maksim
| align="center"|10
| <center>21
| <center>21
| <center>21
| bgcolor="#007BA7"|<center>WD
|colspan="8" bgcolor="darkgray"|
|-
| Kim & Mark
| align="center"|11
| bgcolor="lightgreen"|<center>19
| <center>18
|bgcolor="orange"|<center>17
|colspan="9" bgcolor="darkgray"|
|-
| Ted & Inna
| align="center"|12
|<center>18
|bgcolor="orange"|<center>19
|colspan="10" bgcolor="darkgray"|
|-
| Jeffrey & Edyta
| align="center"|13
|bgcolor="orange"|<center><font color=red>''12''</font>
|colspan="11" bgcolor="darkgray"|
|}


==Opinions==
* '''1A''' and '''1B''' refer to Rounds 1 and 2, respectively, of Week 1.
Herodotus's invention earned him the twin titles "[[List of people known as the father or mother of something#H|The Father]] of History", first conferred by [[Cicero]], and "The Father of Lies".<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.loyno.edu/history/journal/1998-9/Pipes.htm|title=Herodotus: Father of History, Father of Lies|accessdate=2008-01-18|author=David Pipes}}</ref> As these epithets imply, there has long been a debate—at least from the time of [[Cicero]]'s ''On the Laws'' (Book 1, paragraph 5)—concerning the veracity of his tales and, more importantly, the extent to which he knew himself to be creating fabrications.
*Couple Brooke Burke and Derek Hough was the first couple to recieve a "10" from one of the judges. Len Goodman delivered the 10 to Burke and Hough.


===Criticisms of Herodotus===
==Season Notes==
There are many cases in which Herodotus, not certain of the truth of a certain event or unimpressed by the dull "facts" that he received, reported the several most famous accounts of a given subject or process and then wrote what he believed was the most probable. Although ''The Histories'' were often criticized in antiquity for bias, inaccuracy and plagiarism—[[Claudius Aelianus]] attacked Herodotus as a liar in ''Verae Historiae'' and went as far as to deny him a place among the famous on the Island of the Blessed—this methodology has been seen in a more-positive light by many modern historians and philosophers, especially those searching for a paradigm of objective historical writing. Of course, given the sensitivity surrounding the issue—the very foundation of the discipline of history—this has not become a common view; attacks have been made by various scholars in modern times, a few even arguing that Herodotus exaggerated the extent of his travels and invented his sources.<ref>Fehling, Detlev. ''Herodotus and His "Sources": Citation, Invention, and Narrative Art''. Translated by J.G. Howie. Arca Classical and Medieval Texts, Papers, and Monographs, 21. Leeds: Francis Cairns, 1989.</ref>
*On [[Friday]], [[October 3]], [[2008]], [[Misty May-Treanor]] was injured during practice. She received immediate medical attention.<ref>http://tvwatch.people.com/2008/10/04/dwtss-misty-may-treanor-injured/</ref> At the end of the next episode, on Monday, October 6, May-Treanor announced that she had ruptured her [[Achilles tendon]], and thus had to withdraw from the competition; moreover, she had surgery scheduled for [[October 7]]. She plans to return to volleyball competition after her recovery, stating that she had already planned to take some time off, so this injury did not affect her career.<ref name=ESPN>{{cite news|accessdate=2008-10-06
|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/news/story?id=3630090
|title=May-Treanor vows torn Achilles won't end her volleyball career
|date=October 6, 2008 |author=Associated Press |publisher=ESPN.com}}</ref> On the results show the next night, Bergeron revealed that no one would be eliminated that week because of May-Treanor's withdrawal; instead, the Week 3 scores would be combined with the scores from Week 4. He also revealed that [[Rocco DiSpirito]] would have been eliminated.


Discoveries made since the end of the 19th century have helped greatly to restore Herodotus's reputation. The archaeological study of the now-submerged [[ancient Egypt]]ian city of [[Heracleion]] and the recovery of the so-called "Naucratis stela" give extensive credibility to Herodotus's previously unsupported claim that Heracleion was founded under the Egyptian [[New Kingdom]]. Because of this recent increase in respect for his accuracy, as well as the quality and content of his observations, Herodotus is now recognized as a pioneer not only in history but in ethnography<ref>See, for example, C. P. Jones, ("ἔθνος and γένος in Herodotus", ''The Classical Quarterly'', New Series, 46 (2):315–320; 1996), who refers to him as "the father of ethnography" (p. 315).</ref> and anthropology.
==Average Chart==
This chart is based on the dancers' averages and not their place in the competition.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center; width:90%; margin: 5px;"
|-{{Unicode|}}
!style="background:#ddddee;" | Rank by<br /> average
!style="background:#ddddee;" | Competition<br /> finish
!style="background:#ddddee;" | Couple
!style="background:#ddddee;" | Total
!style="background:#ddddee;" | Number of<br /> dances
!style="background:#ddddee;" | Average
|-
|1 || TBD ||Brooke & Derek|| 101 || 4 ||25.3
|-
|2 || TBD ||Warren & Kym|| 92 || 4 ||23.0
|-
|3 || TBD ||Toni & Alec|| 90 || 4 ||22.5
|-
|4 || TBD ||Lance & Lacey|| 85 || 4 ||21.3
|-
|5 || {{sort|10|10}} ||Misty & Maksim|| 63 || 3 ||21.0
|-
|6 || TBD ||Cody & Julianne|| 83 || 4 ||20.8
|-
|7 || TBD ||Maurice & Cheryl|| 82 || 4 || 20.5
|-
|8 || TBD ||Susan & Tony|| 79 || 4 ||19.8
|-
|9 || {{sort|12|12}} ||Ted & Inna || 37 || 2 ||18.5
|-
|10 || {{sort|11|11}} ||Kim & Mark|| 54 || 3 ||18.0
|-
|11 || TBD ||Rocco & Karina|| 71 || 4 ||17.8
|-
|12 || TBD ||Cloris & Corky|| 63 || 4 ||15.8
|-
|13 || {{sort|13|13}} ||Jeffrey & Edyta|| 12 || 1 ||12.0
|}


===Gold-digging ants===
==Songs==
[[Image:Goldinpan.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Gold dust and nuggets.]]
=== Week 1 ===
====Night 1====


One of the most recent developments in Herodotus scholarship was made by the French ethnologist [[Michel Peissel]]. On his journeys to India and Pakistan, Peissel claims to have discovered an animal species that may finally illuminate one of the most "bizarre" passages in Herodotus's Histories. In Book 3, passages 102 to 105, Herodotus reports that a species of fox-sized, furry "ants" lives in one of the far eastern, Indian provinces of the [[Persian Empire]]. This region, he reports, is a sandy desert, and the sand there contains a wealth of fine [[gold dust]]. These giant [[ants]], according to Herodotus, would often unearth the gold dust when digging their mounds and tunnels, and the people living in this province would then collect the precious dust. Now, Peissel says that in an isolated region of the Deosai Plateau between India and Pakistan there exists a species of [[marmot]] (a type of burrowing [[squirrel]]) that may solve the mystery of Herodotus' giant "ants". Much like the province that Herodotus describes, the ground of the Deosai Plateau is rich in gold dust. According to Peissel, he interviewed the [[Brokpa|Minaro]] tribal people who live in the Deosai Plateau, and they have confirmed that they have, for generations, been collecting the gold dust that the marmots bring to the surface when they are digging their underground burrows.
====== Running order ======
[[Image:Bobak-drawing.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Bobak marmot in central Asia.]]
{| class="wikitable" width="75%"
|-
!width="15%"|Couple
!width="15%"|Style
!width="70%"|Music<!-- See http://abc.go.com/primetime/dancingwiththestars/index?pn=aboutmusic#t=0 for music performed on the show -->
|-
|Cody & Julianne
|Cha-Cha-Cha
|"[[Tilt Ya Head Back]]"—[[Nelly]] and [[Christina Aguilera]]
|-
|Rocco & Karina
|Foxtrot
|"[[Stray Cat Strut]]"—[[Stray Cats]]
|-
|Toni & Alec
|Cha-Cha-Cha
|"[[Smooth (song)|Smooth]]"—[[Carlos Santana]] ft. [[Rob Thomas (musician)|Rob Thomas]]
|-
|Maurice & Cheryl
|Foxtrot
|"Doing It To Death"—[[The JB's]]
|-
|Brooke & Derek
|Cha-Cha-Cha
|"Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)"—[[The Chi-Lites]]
|-
|Ted & Inna
|Foxtrot
|"[[God Only Knows]]"—[[The Beach Boys]]
|-
|Lance & Lacey
|Cha-Cha-Cha
|"[[Jumpin' Jack Flash]]"—[[The Rolling Stones]]
|-
|Cloris & Corky
|Foxtrot
|"I Wish I Were In Love Again"—[[Frank Sinatra]]
|-
|Jeffrey & Edyta
|Cha-Cha-Cha
|"[[Play That Funky Music]]"—[[Wild Cherry (band)|Wild Cherry]]
|-
|Kim & Mark
|Foxtrot
|"[[The Pink Panther Theme]]"—[[Henry Mancini]]
|-
|Susan & Tony
|Cha-Cha-Cha
|"[[I Heard It Through the Grapevine]]"—[[Marvin Gaye]]
|-
|Misty & Maksim
|Foxtrot
|"[[This Will Be (An Everlasting Love)]]"—[[Natalie Cole]]
|-
|Warren & Kym
|Cha-Cha-Cha
|"[[Do I Do]]"—[[Stevie Wonder]]
|}


Even more tantalizing, in his book, "The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek [[El Dorado]] in the Himalayas", Peissel offers the theory that Herodotus may have become confused because the old Persian word for "marmot" was quite similar to that for "mountain ant". Because research suggests that Herodotus probably did not know any Persian (or any other language except his native Greek), he was forced to rely on a multitude of local translators when travelling in the vast polylingual Persian Empire. Therefore, he may have been the unwitting victim of a simple misunderstanding in translation. (It is also important to realize that Herodotus never claims to have himself seen these "ants/marmot" creatures—he may have been dutifully reporting what other travellers were telling him, no matter how bizarre or unlikely he personally may have found it to be. In an age when most of the world was still mysterious and unknown and before the modern science of biology, the existence of a "giant ant" may not have seemed so far-fetched.) The suggestion that he completely made up the tale may continue to be thrown into doubt as more research is conducted.<ref>Simons, Marlise. Himalayas Offer Clue to Legend of Gold-Digging 'Ants'. New York Times: 25 November 1996.</ref><ref>Peissel, Michel. "The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas". Collins, 1984. ISBN-13: 978-0002725149.</ref>
====Night 2====


However, it must be noted that this theory of the marmots fails to take into consideration Herodotus's own follow-up in passage 105 of Book 3, wherein the "ants/marmots" are said to chase and devour full-grown camels; nevertheless, this could also be explained as an example of a tall tale or legend told by the local tribes to frighten foreigners from seeking this relatively easy access to gold dust. On the other hand, all these details of the "ants" are eerily similar to the description of the camel spider ([[Solifugae]]), which strictly speaking is not a spider and is even sometimes called a "wind scorpion". Camel spiders are said to chase camels (they can run up to 10mph), they have lots of hair bristles, and they could quite easily be mistaken for ants given their rather bizarre appearance. And as has been noted by some, on account of the fear factor of encountering one, there have been "many myths and exaggerations about their size".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifugae|title=Solifugae|accessdate=2008-02-20|author=Wikipedia}}</ref> Images of camel spiders<ref>[http://www.camelspiders.net/ Camel Spiders (Main Page)]</ref><ref>[http://www.camelspiders.net/spiderpictures.htm Camel Spiders (Pictures)]</ref> could give the impression that this could be mistaken for a giant ant, but certainly not the size of a fox.
====== Running order ======
{| class="wikitable" width="75%"
|-
!width="15%"|Couple
!width="15%"|Style
!width="70%"|Music<!-- See http://abc.go.com/primetime/dancingwiththestars/index?pn=aboutmusic#t=0 for music performed on the show -->
|-
|Lance & Lacey
|Quickstep
|"[[Close to Me (The Cure song)|Close to Me]]"—[[The Cure]]
|-
|Misty & Maksim
|Mambo
|"Black Mambo"—Angel & the Mambokats
|-
|Maurice & Cheryl
|Mambo
|"I Do the Jerk"—Ryan Shaw
|-
|Brooke & Derek
|Quickstep
|"[[Lover, Come Back to Me]]"—[[Barbra Streisand]]
|-
|Cloris & Corky
|Mambo
|"Coconut Woman"—[[Harry Belafonte]]
|-
|Toni & Alec
|Quickstep
|"[[Blue Skies (song)|Blue Skies]]"—[[Della Reese]]
|-
|Warren & Kym
|Quickstep
|"Ding Dong Daddy"—[[Cherry Poppin' Daddies]]
|-
|Ted & Inna
|Mambo
|"Mambo Gozon"—[[Tito Puente]]
|-
|Cody & Julianne
|Quickstep
|"[[I Want You To Want Me]]"—[[Letters to Cleo]]<!-- ABC.com credits this as the version used. Please do not change it. -->
|-
|Rocco & Karina
|Mambo
|"[[La Comay]]"—Sonora Carrulseles
|-
|Susan & Tony
|Quickstep
|"Bei Mir Bist Du Schon"—[[Arthur Murray|The Arthur Murray Orchestra]]
|-
|Kim & Mark
|Mambo
|"[[Baby Got Back]]"—[[Sir Mix-a-Lot]]
|}


===Week 2===
==See also==
*''[[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]]''
*[[Thucydides]], ancient Greek historian who is often said to be also "the father of history"
*[[Life of Homer (Pseudo-Herodotus)]], a short biography of [[Homer]] that claims falsely to be the work of Herodotus
*[[Pliny the Elder]]
*[[Naturalis Historia]]


==Notes==
==== Running order ====
{{reflist|2}}
{|class="wikitable" width="75%"
|-
!width="15%"|Couple
!width="15%"|Style
!width="70%"|Music<!-- See http://abc.go.com/primetime/dancingwiththestars/index?pn=aboutmusic#t=0 for music performed on the show -->
|-
|Toni & Alec
|Rumba
|"[[I Can't Make You Love Me]]"—[[Bonnie Raitt]]
|-
|Brooke & Derek
|Paso Doble
|"[[Diamond Music|Palladio, first movement]]"—[[Karl Jenkins]]
|-
|Rocco & Karina
|Rumba
|"[[You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine]]"—[[Lou Rawls]]
|-
|Lance & Lacey
|Paso Doble
|"[[I Kissed a Girl]]"—[[Katy Perry]]
|-
|Kim & Mark
|Rumba
|"[[You Give Me Something]]"—[[James Morrison (singer)|James Morrison]]
|-
|Misty & Maksim
|Paso Doble
|"[[Take Me Out (song)|Take Me Out]]"—[[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]]
|-
|Maurice & Cheryl
|Rumba
|"[[Mercy Mercy Me]]"—[[Marvin Gaye]]
|-
|Cloris & Corky
|Paso Doble
|"[[Boléro]]"—[[Maurice Ravel]]
|-
|Susan & Tony
|Rumba
|"[[Waiting on the World to Change]]"—[[John Mayer]]
|-
|Warren & Kym
|Paso Doble
|"[[Malagueña (song)|Malagueña]]"—[[Brian Setzer Orchestra]]
|-
|Cody & Julianne
|Rumba
|"[[Bleeding Love]]"—[[Leona Lewis]]
|}


=== Week 3 ===
==Translations==
{{wikiquote}}
==== Running order ====
{{wikisource author}}
{|class="wikitable" width="75%"
{{wikisourcelang|el|Ηρόδωτος}}
|-
* Several English translations of ''The Histories of Herodotus'' are readily available in multiple editions. The most readily available are those translated by:
!width="15%"|Couple
**C.E. Godley, 1920; revised 1926. Reprinted 1931, 1946, 1960, 1966, 1975, 1981, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2004. Available in [[Loeb Classical Library#Herodotus|four volumes]] from [[Loeb Classical Library]], [[Harvard University Press]]. ISBN 0-674-99130-3 Printed with Greek on the left and English on the right.
!width="15%"|Style
**[[Aubrey de Sélincourt]], originally 1954; revised by John Marincola in 1972. Several editions from [[Penguin Books]] available.
!width="70%"|Music<!-- See http://abc.go.com/primetime/dancingwiththestars/index?pn=aboutmusic#t=0 for music performed on the show -->
**[[David Grene]], Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
|-
**[[George Rawlinson]], translation 1858–1860. Public domain; many editions available, although [[Everyman Library]] and Wordsworth Classics editions are the most common ones still in print.
|Susan & Tony
**[[Robin Waterfield]], with an Introduction and Notes by Carolyn Dewald, Oxford World Classics, 1998.
|Jive
**Strassler, Robert B., (ed.), and Purvis, Andrea L. (trans.), ''The Landmark Herodotus,'' Pantheon, 2007. ISBN 978-0-37542109-9 with adequate ancillary information.
|"[[Why Do Fools Fall in Love (song)|Why Do Fools Fall in Love]]"—[[Diana Ross]]
|-
|Lance & Lacey
|Viennese Waltz
|"Let Me Leave"—[[Marc Broussard]]
|-
|Maurice & Cheryl
|Jive
|"[[Rock Around the Clock]]"—[[Bill Haley & His Comets]]
|-
|Rocco & Karina
|Viennese Waltz
|"[[What's New Pussycat? (song)|What's New Pussycat?]]"—[[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]]
|-
|Warren & Kym
|Viennese Waltz
|"Lovin' U"—[[Alicia Keys]]
|-
|Cody & Julianne
|Jive
|"[[Call Me the Breeze]]"—[[Lynyrd Skynyrd]]
|-
|Toni & Alec
|Viennese Waltz
|"[[Für Elise]]"—[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]
|-
|Cloris & Corky
|Jive
|"[[The Girl Can't Help It (song)|The Girl Can't Help It]]"—[[Little Richard]]
|-
|Brooke & Derek
|Viennese Waltz
|"[[Daughters (song)|Daughters]]"—[[John Mayer]]
|}


==Call-Out Order==
==Bibliography==
* Bakker, Egbert e.a. (eds.), ''Brill's Companion to Herodotus.'' Leiden: Brill, 2002
* Dewald, Carolyn, and John Marincola, eds. ''The Cambridge Companion to Herodotus.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006.
* Evans, J. A. S., ''Herodotus.'' Boston: G. K. Hall, 1982.
* &mdash;. ''Herodotus, Explorer of the Past: Three Essays.'' Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.
* Flory, Stewart, ''The Archaic Smile of Herodotus''. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987.
* Fornara, Charles W. ''Herodotus: An Interpretative Essay''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.
* Harrington, John W., ''To See a World''. C. V. Mosby Company, 1973. Harrington explored Herodotus's deduction that deltas, including Egypt's, were deposited over a great period of time.
* Hartog, F., "The Invention of History: From Homer to Herodotus". Wesleyan University, 2000. In ''History and Theory'' 39, 2000.
* Hartog, F., ''The Mirror of Herodotus''. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988.
* Immerwahr, H., ''Form and Thought in Herodotus.'' Cleveland: Case Western Reserve University Press, 1966.
* Kapuscinski, Ryszard, "Travels with Herodotus". New York, NY: Alfred A Knopf, 2007.
* Lateiner, D., ''The Historical Method of Herodotus''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989.
* Momigliano, A., ''The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography''. University of California Press, 1992.
* Pritchett, W. K., ''The Liar School of Herodotos''. Amsterdam: Gieben, 1991.
**[http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1994/94.04.10.html Kwintner, Michelle. ''The Liar School of Herodotus (Review)''. Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 1994.]
* Romm, James S. ''Herodotus''. New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press, 1998 (hardcover, ISBN 0-300-07229-5; paperback, ISBN 0-300-07230-9).
* Thomas, R., ''Herodotus in Context; ethnography, science and the art of persuasion''. Oxford University Press 2000.
* Selden, Daniel. "Cambyses' Madness, or the Reason of History," ''Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici'' 42 (1999), 33-63.
* Simons, Marlise. Himalayas Offer Clue to Legend of Gold-Digging 'Ants'. New York Times: 25 November 1996.
* Peissel, Michel. "The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas". Collins, 1984. ISBN-13: 978-0002725149.


==External links==
The table below lists the order in which the contestants' fates were revealed by Bergeron and Harris.
* [http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_text_herodotus.htm Herodotus] at About.com
{| class="wikitable"
* A reconstructed [http://www.reportret.info/gallery/herodotos1.html portrait of Herodotos], based on historical sources, in a contemporary style.
|+Contestant call-out order
* [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/herodotus/ Herodotus on the Web]
!Order !! colspan="2"|Week 1 !! Week 2 !! Week 3 !! Week 4 !! Week 5 !! Week 6 !! Week 7 !! Week 8 !! Week 9 !! colspan="2"|Week 10
* [http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/literature/herodotus.htm Herodotus for Kids]
|-
* [http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodotus/herodotus01.htm Herodotus of Halicarnassus] at Livius.org
!1
* [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Herodotus 1911 Britannica article "Herodotus"]
| Lance & Lacey || style="background:lime;"|Brooke & Derek||Toni & Alec ||style="background:lime;"|Brooke & Derek || || || || || || || ||style="background:limegreen;"|
* {{cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2008/04/28/080428crbo_books_mendelsohn |title=Arms and the Man |work=[[The New Yorker]] |author=Mendelsohn, Daniel |date=[[2008-04-28]] |accessdate=2008-04-27}}
|-
!2
| Misty & Maksim || Kim & Mark ||Rocco & Karina||bgcolor="hotpink"|Cloris & Corky || || || || || || || ||style="background:violet;"|
|-
!3
| Maurice & Cheryl || bgcolor="hotpink"|Cloris & Corky || Cody & Julianne || Maurice & Cheryl || || || || || || ||style="background:violet;"| ||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="3" |
|-
!4
| style="background:lime;"|Brooke & Derek || Maurice & Cheryl ||style="background:lime;"|Brooke & Derek ||Warren & Kym|| || ||||||||style="background:violet;"| ||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="4" |
|-
!5
|| Cloris & Corky ||Susan & Tony ||Susan & Tony ||Toni & Alec|| || || || ||style="background:violet;"| ||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="5" |
|-
!6
| Toni & Alec || Warren & Kym ||style="background:orange;"|Warren & Kym||Susan & Tony|| || || ||style="background:violet;"| ||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="6" |
|-
!7
| Warren & Kym || Susan & Tony ||Maurice & Cheryl||Cody & Julianne|| || ||style="background:violet;"| ||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="7" |
|-
!8
| Ted & Inna || Rocco & Karina ||Lance & Lacey||Lance & Lacey|| ||style="background:violet;"| ||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="8"|
|-
!9
| Cody & Julianne || Lance & Lacey ||Misty & Maksim || style="background:crimson;"|Rocco & Karina|| style="background:violet;"| ||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="9"|
|-
!10
| Rocco & Karina || Cody & Julianne ||bgcolor="hotpink"|Cloris & Corky||bgcolor="#007BA7"| Misty & Maksim||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="8"|
|-
!11
| Susan & Tony || Toni & Alec || style="background:violet;"|Kim & Mark||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="9"|
|-
!12
| Kim & Mark || style="background:violet;"| Ted & Inna ||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="10"|
|-
!13
| style="background:red;"| Jeffrey & Edyta ||style="background:#CCCCCC;" colspan="11"|
|}


===Online translations===
:{{colorbox|yellow}} This couple had the encore for the week
* [http://www.losttrails.com/pages/Tales/Inquiries/Herodotus.html Herodotus Inquiries]—new translation with extensive photographic essays of the places and artifacts mentioned by Herodotus hyper-linked to the text
:{{colorbox|lime}} This couple came in first place with the judges
* {{gutenberg author| id=Herodotus | name=Herodotus}}
:{{colorbox|orange}} This couple came in first place with the judges and had the encore for the week
** {{gutenberg|no=2707|name=The History of Herodotus, vol. 1}} (translation by George Campbell Macaulay, 1852–1915)
:{{colorbox|hotpink}} This couple came in last place with the judges
** {{gutenberg|no=2456|name=The History of Herodotus, vol. 2}}
:{{colorbox|red}} This couple came in last place with the judges and was eliminated
* [http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.html The History of Herodotus] at The Internet Classics Archive (translation by George Rawlinson)
:{{colorbox|#007BA7}} This couple withdrew from the competition
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hh/index.htm Parallel Greek and English text of the History of Herodotus] at the Internet Sacred Text Archive
:{{colorbox|crimson}} This couple was in last place but was not eliminated due to May-Treanor's withdrawal
*[http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodotus/logoi.html Excerpts of Sélincourt's translation]
:{{colorbox|violet}} This couple was eliminated
*[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+1.6.1 Herodotus ''Histories''] on [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/ Perseus]
:{{colorbox|limegreen}} This couple won the competition


<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
* On the Week 1, Night 3 episode, Jeffrey & Edyta, who had been eliminated after Night 1, were given the chance to perform the dance they would have performed on Night 2.


{{Persondata
* On the October 7 elimination show, Maks and Edyta danced the jive that he and Misty would have done had she not been injured.
|NAME=Herodotus of Halicarnassus

|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Herodotus; {{polytonic|Ἡρόδοτος Ἁλικαρνᾱσσεύς}}; Hērodotos Halikarnāsseus
==Dance Schedule==
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Dorian historian
The celebrities and professional partners will dance one of these routines for each corresponding week.
|DATE OF BIRTH=484 BCE

|PLACE OF BIRTH=Helicarnassus
*Week 1 (Night 1): [[Cha-cha-cha (dance)|Cha-Cha-Cha]] or [[Foxtrot]]
|DATE OF DEATH=circa 425 BCE
*Week 1 (Night 2): [[Mambo (dance)|Mambo]] or [[Quickstep]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=
*Week 2: [[Paso Doble]] or [[Rumba (dance)|Rumba]]
}}
*Week 3: [[Jive]] or [[Viennese Waltz]]
[[Category:484 BC births]]
*Week 4: [[Samba]] or [[Tango]]
[[Category:425 BC deaths]]

[[Category:Ancient Greek historians]]
==Dance Chart==<!-- Misty has not withdrawn yet, do not change this chart!-->
[[Category:Ancient Halicarnassians]]
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
[[Category:Historiography of India]]
! Team
! colspan ="2"|1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
|-
| Lance & Lacey
| Cha-Cha-Cha
| Quickstep
| Paso Doble
| Viennese Waltz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Toni & Alec
| Cha-Cha-Cha
| Quickstep
| Rumba
| Viennese Waltz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Brooke & Derek
| bgcolor="#CCFF99"| Cha-Cha-Cha
| bgcolor="#CCFF99"| Quickstep
| bgcolor="#CCFF99"| Paso Doble
| bgcolor="#CCFF99"| Viennese Waltz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Rocco & Karina
| Foxtrot
| Mambo
| Rumba
| Viennese Waltz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Maurice & Cheryl
| Foxtrot
| Mambo
| Rumba
| Jive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Cloris & Corky
| Foxtrot
| bgcolor="#FFC5C5"| Mambo
| bgcolor="#FFC5C5"| Paso Doble
| bgcolor="#FFC5C5"| Jive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Cody & Julianne
| Cha-Cha-Cha
| Quickstep
| Rumba
| Jive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Susan & Tony
| Cha-Cha-Cha
| Quickstep
| Rumba
| Jive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Warren & Kym
| Cha-Cha-Cha
| Quickstep
| bgcolor="#CCFF99"| Paso Doble
| Viennese Waltz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| Misty & Maksim
| Foxtrot
| Mambo
| Paso Doble
| colspan="8" bgcolor="darkgray"|
|-
| Kim & Mark
| Foxtrot
| Mambo
| Rumba
| colspan="8" bgcolor="darkgray"|
|-
| Ted & Inna
| Foxtrot
| Mambo
| colspan="9" bgcolor="darkgray"|
|-
| Jeffrey & Edyta
| bgcolor="#FFC5C5"| Cha-Cha-Cha
| colspan="10" bgcolor="darkgray"|
|}

:{{colorbox|#ccff99}} Highest Scoring Dance
:{{colorbox|#ffc5c5}} Lowest Scoring Dance

==Musical Guests==

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Date
! Performers
! Tracks Performed
! Dancers
|-
| rowspan="2"| September 24, 2008
| [[Jonas Brothers]]
| "Love Bug"
| [[Joe Jonas]], [[Mark Ballas]], [[Lacey Schwimmer]], [[Inna Brayer]], & [[Derek Hough]]
|-
| [[Jesse McCartney]]
| "[[Leavin']]"
| [[Ashly DelGrosso]] & Italo Elgueta
|-
| rowspan="2"| September 30, 2008
| rowspan="2"| [[Jessica Simpson]]
| "[[Come On Over (Jessica Simpson song)|Come On Over]]"
| [[Anya Garnis]] & [[Pasha Kovalev]]
|-
| "[[Angels (Robbie Williams song)|Angels]]"
| [[Cheryl Burke]] & [[Maksim Chmerkovskiy]]
|-
| rowspan="2"| October 7, 2008
| [[Jennifer Hudson]]
| "[[Spotlight (Jennifer Hudson song)|Spotlight]]"
| [[Julianne Hough]] & [[Derek Hough]]
|-
| [[Kool and the Gang]]
| Greatest Hits Medley
|
|-
| TBD
| [[Julianne Hough]]<ref>http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-Editors-Blog/Things-Dancing-Stars/Julianne-Hough-Sing/800045165</ref>
|
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://abc.go.com/primetime/dancingwiththestars/index Official website of U.S ''Dancing with the Stars'']
*[http://www.puredwts.com/tag/dancing-with-the-stars-music/ Dancing with the Stars Music]

{{DancingwiththeStars(US)}}


[[als:Herodot]]
[[Category:2008 in television]]
[[am:ሄሮዶቶስ]]
[[Category:Dancing with the Stars (US TV series)]]
[[ar:هيرودوت]]
[[an:Erodoto]]
[[ast:Herodotu]]
[[az:Herodot]]
[[bn:হিরোডোটাস]]
[[be:Герадот]]
[[be-x-old:Герадот]]
[[bs:Herodot]]
[[br:Herodotos]]
[[bg:Херодот]]
[[ca:Heròdot]]
[[cs:Hérodotos]]
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[[et:Herodotos]]
[[el:Ηρόδοτος]]
[[es:Heródoto]]
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[[eu:Herodoto]]
[[fa:هرودوت]]
[[fr:Hérodote]]
[[fy:Herodotus]]
[[ga:Heireadótas]]
[[gl:Heródoto]]
[[ko:헤로도토스]]
[[hy:Հերոդոտոս]]
[[hi:हिरोडोटस]]
[[hr:Herodot]]
[[id:Herodotus]]
[[is:Heródótos]]
[[it:Erodoto]]
[[he:הרודוטוס]]
[[jv:Herodotus]]
[[sw:Herodoti]]
[[ku:Herodot]]
[[la:Herodotus]]
[[lv:Hērodots]]
[[lb:Herodot]]
[[lt:Herodotas]]
[[hu:Hérodotosz]]
[[mk:Херодот]]
[[ms:Herodotus]]
[[cdo:Hĭ-lò̤-dŏ̤-dáik]]
[[nl:Herodotus]]
[[ja:ヘロドトス]]
[[no:Herodot]]
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[[pt:Heródoto]]
[[ro:Herodot]]
[[ru:Геродот]]
[[sa:हेरोडोटस]]
[[sq:Herodoti]]
[[scn:Eròdutu]]
[[simple:Herodotus]]
[[sk:Herodotos]]
[[sl:Herodot]]
[[sr:Херодот]]
[[sh:Herodot]]
[[fi:Herodotos]]
[[sv:Herodotos]]
[[tl:Herodotus]]
[[ta:ஹேரோடோட்டஸ்]]
[[th:เฮโรโดตุส]]
[[vi:Herodotus]]
[[tr:Herodot]]
[[uk:Геродот]]
[[fiu-vro:Herodotos]]
[[bat-smg:Heruoduots]]
[[zh:希羅多德]]

Revision as of 14:06, 11 October 2008

Herodotus
Ostensible bust of Herodotus
Bornc. 484 BC
Diedc. 425 BC
OccupationHistorian
Parents
  • Lyxes (father)
  • Dryo (mother)

Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Ἡρόδοτος Ἁλικαρνᾱσσεύς Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (c. 484 BC–c. 425 BC) and is regarded as the "Father of History" in Western culture. He was the first historian to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent and arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative.[1] He is almost exclusively known for writing The Histories, a record of his "inquiries" (or ἱστορίαι, a word that passed into Latin and took on its modern meaning of history) into the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars which occurred in 490 and 480-479 BC—especially since he includes a narrative account of that period, which would otherwise be poorly documented, and many long digressions concerning the various places and peoples he encountered during wide-ranging travels around the lands of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Although some of his stories are not completely accurate, he states that he is only reporting what has been told to him.

Biography

Much of what is known of Herodotus's life is gathered from his own work. Additional details have been garnered from the Suda, an 11th-century encyclopaedia of the Byzantium, which likely took its information from traditional accounts. It holds that he was born in Halicarnassus (Bodrum in present-day Turkey), the son of Lyxes and Dryo, and the brother of Theodorus, and that he was also related to Panyassis, an epic poet of the time. According to this account, after being exiled from Halicarnassus by the tyrant Lygdamis, Herodotus went to live on Samos. Later returning to the land of his birth, Herodotus took part in the ousting of Lygdamis. The traditional biography includes some time spent in Athens, where he is said to have given public readings from his oeuvre and befriended the dramatist Sophocles. It also has Herodotus joining and founding the Hellenic colony Thurii in Southern Italy in 443 BC. His death and burial are placed either at Thurii or at Pella, in Macedon, between 425 and 420 BC.

How much of this is correct we do not know. It was common practice in antiquity for the biographies of poets to be pieced together out of inferences drawn from their works. Something similar may have happened in Herodotus' case. His casting as a tyrannicide may simply reflect the pro-freedom attitude that he expresses in the Histories, whereas the stays at Samos and Athens may have been invented to explain the pro-Samian and pro-Athenian bias that has often been thought to pervade his work. His exile from Halicarnassus may also be fictional: later historians, such as Thucydides and Xenophon, underwent periods of exile, and their fate may have been retrospectively imposed on Herodotus by later writers.

==Historian==wierd guy

Circumstances rule men; men do not rule circumstances.

Reconstruction of the Oikumene (inhabited world) Ancient Map from Herodotus circa 450 BC.

Herodotus provides much information concerning the nature of the world and the status of the sciences during his lifetime. He was arguably the first historian, and certainly the first to travel methodically around the known world in a bid to write more accurately, although this still involved second-hand and third-hand accounts relating to his primary subject, the Persian wars.

Croesus Receiving Tribute from a Lydian Peasant, by Claude Vignon.

He reports, for example, that the annual flooding of the Nile was said to be the result of melting snows far to the south, and he comments that he cannot understand how there can be snow in Africa, the hottest part of the known world, offering an elaborate explanation based on the way that desert winds affect the passage of the Sun over this part of the world (2:18ff). He also passes on dismissive reports from Phoenician sailors that, while circumnavigating Africa, they "saw the sun on the right side while sailing westwards". Owing to this brief mention, which is put in almost as an afterthought, it has been argued that Africa was indeed circumnavigated by ancient seafarers, for this is precisely where the sun ought to have been.

Herodotus is one of the sources on Croesus and his fabulous treasures of gold and silver, and many stories about his riches.

Written between 431 and 425 BC, The Histories were divided by later editors into nine books, named after the nine Muses (the "Muse of History", Clio, represented the first book).[2] His accounts of India are among the oldest records of Indian civilzation by an outsider.[3]

Opinions

Herodotus's invention earned him the twin titles "The Father of History", first conferred by Cicero, and "The Father of Lies".[4] As these epithets imply, there has long been a debate—at least from the time of Cicero's On the Laws (Book 1, paragraph 5)—concerning the veracity of his tales and, more importantly, the extent to which he knew himself to be creating fabrications.

Criticisms of Herodotus

There are many cases in which Herodotus, not certain of the truth of a certain event or unimpressed by the dull "facts" that he received, reported the several most famous accounts of a given subject or process and then wrote what he believed was the most probable. Although The Histories were often criticized in antiquity for bias, inaccuracy and plagiarism—Claudius Aelianus attacked Herodotus as a liar in Verae Historiae and went as far as to deny him a place among the famous on the Island of the Blessed—this methodology has been seen in a more-positive light by many modern historians and philosophers, especially those searching for a paradigm of objective historical writing. Of course, given the sensitivity surrounding the issue—the very foundation of the discipline of history—this has not become a common view; attacks have been made by various scholars in modern times, a few even arguing that Herodotus exaggerated the extent of his travels and invented his sources.[5]

Discoveries made since the end of the 19th century have helped greatly to restore Herodotus's reputation. The archaeological study of the now-submerged ancient Egyptian city of Heracleion and the recovery of the so-called "Naucratis stela" give extensive credibility to Herodotus's previously unsupported claim that Heracleion was founded under the Egyptian New Kingdom. Because of this recent increase in respect for his accuracy, as well as the quality and content of his observations, Herodotus is now recognized as a pioneer not only in history but in ethnography[6] and anthropology.

Gold-digging ants

Gold dust and nuggets.

One of the most recent developments in Herodotus scholarship was made by the French ethnologist Michel Peissel. On his journeys to India and Pakistan, Peissel claims to have discovered an animal species that may finally illuminate one of the most "bizarre" passages in Herodotus's Histories. In Book 3, passages 102 to 105, Herodotus reports that a species of fox-sized, furry "ants" lives in one of the far eastern, Indian provinces of the Persian Empire. This region, he reports, is a sandy desert, and the sand there contains a wealth of fine gold dust. These giant ants, according to Herodotus, would often unearth the gold dust when digging their mounds and tunnels, and the people living in this province would then collect the precious dust. Now, Peissel says that in an isolated region of the Deosai Plateau between India and Pakistan there exists a species of marmot (a type of burrowing squirrel) that may solve the mystery of Herodotus' giant "ants". Much like the province that Herodotus describes, the ground of the Deosai Plateau is rich in gold dust. According to Peissel, he interviewed the Minaro tribal people who live in the Deosai Plateau, and they have confirmed that they have, for generations, been collecting the gold dust that the marmots bring to the surface when they are digging their underground burrows.

Bobak marmot in central Asia.

Even more tantalizing, in his book, "The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas", Peissel offers the theory that Herodotus may have become confused because the old Persian word for "marmot" was quite similar to that for "mountain ant". Because research suggests that Herodotus probably did not know any Persian (or any other language except his native Greek), he was forced to rely on a multitude of local translators when travelling in the vast polylingual Persian Empire. Therefore, he may have been the unwitting victim of a simple misunderstanding in translation. (It is also important to realize that Herodotus never claims to have himself seen these "ants/marmot" creatures—he may have been dutifully reporting what other travellers were telling him, no matter how bizarre or unlikely he personally may have found it to be. In an age when most of the world was still mysterious and unknown and before the modern science of biology, the existence of a "giant ant" may not have seemed so far-fetched.) The suggestion that he completely made up the tale may continue to be thrown into doubt as more research is conducted.[7][8]

However, it must be noted that this theory of the marmots fails to take into consideration Herodotus's own follow-up in passage 105 of Book 3, wherein the "ants/marmots" are said to chase and devour full-grown camels; nevertheless, this could also be explained as an example of a tall tale or legend told by the local tribes to frighten foreigners from seeking this relatively easy access to gold dust. On the other hand, all these details of the "ants" are eerily similar to the description of the camel spider (Solifugae), which strictly speaking is not a spider and is even sometimes called a "wind scorpion". Camel spiders are said to chase camels (they can run up to 10mph), they have lots of hair bristles, and they could quite easily be mistaken for ants given their rather bizarre appearance. And as has been noted by some, on account of the fear factor of encountering one, there have been "many myths and exaggerations about their size".[9] Images of camel spiders[10][11] could give the impression that this could be mistaken for a giant ant, but certainly not the size of a fox.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ New Oxford American Dictionary, "Herodotus", Oxford University Press
  2. ^ Larcher, Pierre-Henri (1829). Larcher's Notes on Herodotus. London: John R. Priestley. p. 526.
  3. ^ The Indian Empire The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 2, p. 272.
  4. ^ David Pipes. "Herodotus: Father of History, Father of Lies". Retrieved 2008-01-18.
  5. ^ Fehling, Detlev. Herodotus and His "Sources": Citation, Invention, and Narrative Art. Translated by J.G. Howie. Arca Classical and Medieval Texts, Papers, and Monographs, 21. Leeds: Francis Cairns, 1989.
  6. ^ See, for example, C. P. Jones, ("ἔθνος and γένος in Herodotus", The Classical Quarterly, New Series, 46 (2):315–320; 1996), who refers to him as "the father of ethnography" (p. 315).
  7. ^ Simons, Marlise. Himalayas Offer Clue to Legend of Gold-Digging 'Ants'. New York Times: 25 November 1996.
  8. ^ Peissel, Michel. "The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas". Collins, 1984. ISBN-13: 978-0002725149.
  9. ^ Wikipedia. "Solifugae". Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  10. ^ Camel Spiders (Main Page)
  11. ^ Camel Spiders (Pictures)

Translations

  • Several English translations of The Histories of Herodotus are readily available in multiple editions. The most readily available are those translated by:
    • C.E. Godley, 1920; revised 1926. Reprinted 1931, 1946, 1960, 1966, 1975, 1981, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2004. Available in four volumes from Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-99130-3 Printed with Greek on the left and English on the right.
    • Aubrey de Sélincourt, originally 1954; revised by John Marincola in 1972. Several editions from Penguin Books available.
    • David Grene, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
    • George Rawlinson, translation 1858–1860. Public domain; many editions available, although Everyman Library and Wordsworth Classics editions are the most common ones still in print.
    • Robin Waterfield, with an Introduction and Notes by Carolyn Dewald, Oxford World Classics, 1998.
    • Strassler, Robert B., (ed.), and Purvis, Andrea L. (trans.), The Landmark Herodotus, Pantheon, 2007. ISBN 978-0-37542109-9 with adequate ancillary information.

Bibliography

  • Bakker, Egbert e.a. (eds.), Brill's Companion to Herodotus. Leiden: Brill, 2002
  • Dewald, Carolyn, and John Marincola, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Herodotus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006.
  • Evans, J. A. S., Herodotus. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1982.
  • —. Herodotus, Explorer of the Past: Three Essays. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.
  • Flory, Stewart, The Archaic Smile of Herodotus. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987.
  • Fornara, Charles W. Herodotus: An Interpretative Essay. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.
  • Harrington, John W., To See a World. C. V. Mosby Company, 1973. Harrington explored Herodotus's deduction that deltas, including Egypt's, were deposited over a great period of time.
  • Hartog, F., "The Invention of History: From Homer to Herodotus". Wesleyan University, 2000. In History and Theory 39, 2000.
  • Hartog, F., The Mirror of Herodotus. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988.
  • Immerwahr, H., Form and Thought in Herodotus. Cleveland: Case Western Reserve University Press, 1966.
  • Kapuscinski, Ryszard, "Travels with Herodotus". New York, NY: Alfred A Knopf, 2007.
  • Lateiner, D., The Historical Method of Herodotus. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989.
  • Momigliano, A., The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography. University of California Press, 1992.
  • Pritchett, W. K., The Liar School of Herodotos. Amsterdam: Gieben, 1991.
  • Romm, James S. Herodotus. New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press, 1998 (hardcover, ISBN 0-300-07229-5; paperback, ISBN 0-300-07230-9).
  • Thomas, R., Herodotus in Context; ethnography, science and the art of persuasion. Oxford University Press 2000.
  • Selden, Daniel. "Cambyses' Madness, or the Reason of History," Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici 42 (1999), 33-63.
  • Simons, Marlise. Himalayas Offer Clue to Legend of Gold-Digging 'Ants'. New York Times: 25 November 1996.
  • Peissel, Michel. "The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas". Collins, 1984. ISBN-13: 978-0002725149.

External links

Online translations


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