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{{Short description|Extinct genus of birds}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = ''Liaoningornis''
| name = ''Liaoningornis''
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]]
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|124.6}}
| image = Amnh liaoningornis1.jpg
| image = Liaoningornis 048.JPG
⚫
| image_caption = Life restoration.
| image_width = 200px
| display_parents = 4
⚫
| image_caption = Model of ''Liaoningornis''
| greatgrandparent_authority = Hou, 1996
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| grandparent_authority = Hou, 1996
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
⚫
| genus = Liaoningornis
| classis = [[Aves]]
⚫
| parent_authority = Hou, 1996
| subclassis = [[Ornithurae]]
⚫
| species = longidigitris
⚫
| genus = '''''Liaoningornis'''''
| genus_authority = Hou, 1996
| authority = Hou, 1996
⚫
| species = '''''L. longidigitris'''''
| binomial = ''Liaoningornis longidigitris''
⚫
| binomial_authority = Hou, 1996
}}
}}


''Liaoningornis'' (meaning "bird of Liaoning" in Greek) is a genus of bird from [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[China]]. It was collected from the dinosaur - bearing beds of the [[Sihetun]] locality, of the [[Yixian Formation]], Shangyuan, near the city of [[Beipiao]] in [[Liaoning]] province. The only known species is ''Liaoningornis longidigitris''. It was described by Linhai Hou in 1996 and 1997.<ref name="Zhou&Hou2002">Zhou, Zhonghe, Hou, Lianhai. (2002) "The Discovery and Study of mesozoic Birds in China" in "Mesozoic Birds: above the heads of dinosaurs". Chiappe and Witmer, ed. 2002, University of California Press</ref>
'''''Liaoningornis''''' (meaning "bird of Liaoning" in Greek) is a genus of bird from [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[China]]. It was collected from the dinosaur-bearing beds of the [[Sihetun]] locality, of the [[Yixian Formation]], Shangyuan, near the city of [[Beipiao]] in [[Liaoning]] province. The only known species is ''Liaoningornis longidigitris''. It was described by Linhai Hou in 1996 and 1997.<ref name="Zhou&Hou2002">Zhou, Zhonghe, Hou, Lianhai. (2002) "The Discovery and Study of mesozoic Birds in China" in "Mesozoic Birds: above the heads of dinosaurs". Chiappe and Witmer, ed. 2002, University of California Press</ref>


The single fossil is an incomplete semi - articulated skeleton the size of a sparrow. It includes both feet, the right leg, the [[sternum]], part of the right arm, and fragmentary [[coracoid]]s and [[pubes]]. Its accession number is IVPP11303. It is in the collection of the [[Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology]] in [[Beijing]].
The single fossil is an incomplete semi-articulated skeleton the size of a sparrow. It includes both feet, the right leg, the [[sternum]], part of the right arm, and fragmentary [[coracoid]]s and [[pubes]]. Its accession number is IVPP11303. It is in the collection of the [[Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology]] in [[Beijing]]. It has advanced flight, perching, and respiratory adaptations like a long, deeply keeled [[sternum]], a pair of anterolateral processes on the sternum near the articulations with the [[coracoid]]s, fused, short, [[metatarsal]]s, and highly curved pedal claws indicating good perching ability. Hou et al. (1996) described the metatarsals as fused only [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|distal]]ly, but Zhou and Hou (2002) revised this analysis, finding that the metatarsus was fused [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|distal]]ly and [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|proximal]]ly, but not along most of the length.<ref name="Houetal1996">Hou, Lianhai, Shou, Zhonghe, Martin, Larry D., Feduccia, Alan (1996) "Early adaptive radiation of birds: evidence from fossils from northeastern China. "Science" 274:1164-1167.</ref><ref name="Hou1996">Hou, Lianhai. (1996) The discovery of a Jurassic carinate bird in China. "Chinese Science Bulletin" 41(2):1861-1864</ref>


Zhou and Hou in 2002 considered ''Liaoningornis'' to be the oldest known member of the [[Ornithurae]]. However, a 2012 re-analysis by [[Jingmai O'Connor]] showed that it was in fact an [[Enantiornithes|enantiornithine]] similar to ''[[Eoalulavis]]''.<ref name=oconnor2012>O’Connor, J.K. (2012). "A revised look at ''Liaoningornis longidigitris'' (Aves)." ''Vertebrata PalAsiatica'', '''50'''(1): 25-37.</ref>
''Liaoningornis'' is a surprisingly advanced bird for the [[Early Cretaceous]]. Zhou and Hou (2002) found it to be the oldest bird assigned to the [[Ornithurae]]. It has advanced flight, perching, and respiratory adaptations like a long, deeply keeled [[sternum]], a pair of anterolateral processes on the sternum near the articulations with the [[coracoid]]s, fused, short, [[metatarsal]]s, and highly curved pedal claws indicating good perching ability. Hou et al. (1996) described the metatarsals as fused only [[distal]]ly, but Zhou&Hou (2002) revised this analysis, finding that the metatarsus was fused [[distal]]ly and [[proximal]]ly, but not along most of the length.<ref name="Houetal1996">Hou, Lianhai, Shou, Zhonghe, Martin, Larry D., Feduccia, Alan (1996) "Early adaptive radiation of birds: evidence from fossils from northeastern China. "Science" 274:1164-1167.</ref><ref name="Hou1997">Hou, Lianhai. "A carinate bird from the Upper Jurassic of western Liaoning, China." (1997) "Chinese Science Bulletin" 42(5):413-416</ref>


==References==<!-- JVertPaleontol22:49; ZoolScripta35:363 no uncinate processes, but maybe because juvenile -->
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<References />


==External links==
==External links==
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
*[http://www.kidsdinos.com/images/dinosaurs/Liaoningornis1140554290.jpg Specimen picture]
*[http://www.kidsdinos.com/dinosaurs-for-children.php?dinosaur=Liaoningornis Specimen picture]
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[[Category:Cretaceous birds]]

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[[Category:genera of birds]]
{{Enantiornithes}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6540162}}

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[[Category:Early Cretaceous birds of Asia]]
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[[Category:Yixian fauna]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1996]]
[[Category:Enantiornitheans]]

Latest revision as of 16:27, 19 January 2024

Liaoningornis
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, 124.6 Ma
↓
Life restoration.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Avialae
Clade: †Enantiornithes
Order: †Liaoningornithiformes
Hou, 1996
Family: †Liaoningornithidae
Hou, 1996
Genus: †Liaoningornis
Hou, 1996
Species:
†L. longidigitris
Binomial name
†Liaoningornis longidigitris
Hou, 1996

Liaoningornis (meaning "bird of Liaoning" in Greek) is a genus of bird from Lower Cretaceous China. It was collected from the dinosaur-bearing beds of the Sihetun locality, of the Yixian Formation, Shangyuan, near the city of Beipiao in Liaoning province. The only known species is Liaoningornis longidigitris. It was described by Linhai Hou in 1996 and 1997.[1]

The single fossil is an incomplete semi-articulated skeleton the size of a sparrow. It includes both feet, the right leg, the sternum, part of the right arm, and fragmentary coracoids and pubes. Its accession number is IVPP11303. It is in the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing. It has advanced flight, perching, and respiratory adaptations like a long, deeply keeled sternum, a pair of anterolateral processes on the sternum near the articulations with the coracoids, fused, short, metatarsals, and highly curved pedal claws indicating good perching ability. Hou et al. (1996) described the metatarsals as fused only distally, but Zhou and Hou (2002) revised this analysis, finding that the metatarsus was fused distally and proximally, but not along most of the length.[2][3]

Zhou and Hou in 2002 considered Liaoningornis to be the oldest known member of the Ornithurae. However, a 2012 re-analysis by Jingmai O'Connor showed that it was in fact an enantiornithine similar to Eoalulavis.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Zhou, Zhonghe, Hou, Lianhai. (2002) "The Discovery and Study of mesozoic Birds in China" in "Mesozoic Birds: above the heads of dinosaurs". Chiappe and Witmer, ed. 2002, University of California Press
  2. ^ Hou, Lianhai, Shou, Zhonghe, Martin, Larry D., Feduccia, Alan (1996) "Early adaptive radiation of birds: evidence from fossils from northeastern China. "Science" 274:1164-1167.
  3. ^ Hou, Lianhai. (1996) The discovery of a Jurassic carinate bird in China. "Chinese Science Bulletin" 41(2):1861-1864
  4. ^ O’Connor, J.K. (2012). "A revised look at Liaoningornis longidigitris (Aves)." Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 50(1): 25-37.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liaoningornis&oldid=1197217512"