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{{Short description|Species of bacterium}} |
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{{Italic title}} |
{{Italic title}} |
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{{Taxobox |
{{Taxobox |
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| color = lightgrey |
| color = lightgrey |
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| name = ''Paenibacillus polymyxa'' |
| name = ''Paenibacillus polymyxa'' |
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| domain = [[Bacteria]] |
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| phylum = [[Bacillota]] |
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| classis = [[Bacilli]] |
| classis = [[Bacilli]] |
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| ordo = [[Bacillales]] |
| ordo = [[Bacillales]] |
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| genus = [[Paenibacillus]] |
| genus = [[Paenibacillus]] |
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| binomial = ''Paenibacillus polymyxa'' |
| binomial = ''Paenibacillus polymyxa'' |
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| binomial_authority = (Prazmowski 1880) <br> Ash ''et al.'' 1994 |
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| type_strain = [http://www.atcc.org/common/catalog/numSearch/numResults.cfm?atccNum=842 ATCC 842] <br> [http://www.ccug.se/default.cfm?page=search_record.cfm&id=1086&db=alx CCUG 1086] <br> [http://www.angers.inra.fr/cfbp/resultsuite.php?r0=4258&r1=Paenibacillus%20polymyxa&r2=Paenibacillus&r3=polymyxa&r4=&r5=&r6=souche%20type&r7=CIP%2066.22,%20ATCC%20842,%20CCM%201459,%20DSM%2036,%20JCM%202507,%20NCDO%201774,%20NCIB%208158,%20NCTC%2010343,%20NRRL%201105&r8=&r9=Kluyver%20A.J.&r10=&r11=&r12=&r13=&r14=&r15=&r16=1997&r17=CIP&r18=&r19=&r20=&r21=(Prazmowski%201880)%20Ash%20et%20al.%201994,%20comb.%20nov. CFBP 4258] <br> [http://www.crbip.pasteur.fr/onglet.jsp?tab=res&pageNumber=1 CIP 66.22] <br> [http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/html/strains/strain.dsm000036.html DSM 36] <br> [http://elias.it.helsinki.fi/hambi/hambi.nsf/8e001923213e19a0c2256839004553d3/2e5bed91a6a8a99ec225683a004606c3?OpenDocument HAMBI 635] and [http://elias.it.helsinki.fi/hambi/hambi.nsf/8e001923213e19a0c2256839004553d3/5de29cbb4f09522cc225683a0046128d?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,1897 1897] <br> [http://www.jcm.riken.jp/cgi-bin/jcm/jcm_kojin?JCM=2507 JCM 2507] <br> [http://bccm.belspo.be/db/lmg_strain_details.php?NUM=13294&COLTYPE=&LIST1=STRNUM&TEXT1=13294&LIST2=ALL%20FIELDS&TEXT2=&LIST3=STRNUM&TEXT3=&LIST4=STRNUM&TEXT4=&LIST5=STRNUM&TEXT5=&CONJ=OR&RANGE=20 LMG 13294] <br> [http://www.nbrc.nite.go.jp/NBRC2/NBRCCatalogueDetailServlet?ID=NBRC&CAT=00015309 NBRC 15309] <br> [http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/databases/ NCCB 24016] <br> [http://www.hpa.org.uk/nctc/jengine.asp NCTC 10343] <br> [http://nrrl.ncaur.usda.gov/cgi-bin/usda/process.html NRRL B-4317] <br> [http://www.vkm.ru/index.htm VKM B-514] |
| type_strain = [http://www.atcc.org/common/catalog/numSearch/numResults.cfm?atccNum=842 ATCC 842] <br> [http://www.ccug.se/default.cfm?page=search_record.cfm&id=1086&db=alx CCUG 1086] <br> [http://www.angers.inra.fr/cfbp/resultsuite.php?r0=4258&r1=Paenibacillus%20polymyxa&r2=Paenibacillus&r3=polymyxa&r4=&r5=&r6=souche%20type&r7=CIP%2066.22,%20ATCC%20842,%20CCM%201459,%20DSM%2036,%20JCM%202507,%20NCDO%201774,%20NCIB%208158,%20NCTC%2010343,%20NRRL%201105&r8=&r9=Kluyver%20A.J.&r10=&r11=&r12=&r13=&r14=&r15=&r16=1997&r17=CIP&r18=&r19=&r20=&r21=(Prazmowski%201880)%20Ash%20et%20al.%201994,%20comb.%20nov. CFBP 4258] <br> [http://www.crbip.pasteur.fr/onglet.jsp?tab=res&pageNumber=1 CIP 66.22] <br> [http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/html/strains/strain.dsm000036.html DSM 36] <br> [http://elias.it.helsinki.fi/hambi/hambi.nsf/8e001923213e19a0c2256839004553d3/2e5bed91a6a8a99ec225683a004606c3?OpenDocument HAMBI 635] and [http://elias.it.helsinki.fi/hambi/hambi.nsf/8e001923213e19a0c2256839004553d3/5de29cbb4f09522cc225683a0046128d?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,1897 1897] <br> [http://www.jcm.riken.jp/cgi-bin/jcm/jcm_kojin?JCM=2507 JCM 2507] <br> [http://bccm.belspo.be/db/lmg_strain_details.php?NUM=13294&COLTYPE=&LIST1=STRNUM&TEXT1=13294&LIST2=ALL%20FIELDS&TEXT2=&LIST3=STRNUM&TEXT3=&LIST4=STRNUM&TEXT4=&LIST5=STRNUM&TEXT5=&CONJ=OR&RANGE=20 LMG 13294] <br> [http://www.nbrc.nite.go.jp/NBRC2/NBRCCatalogueDetailServlet?ID=NBRC&CAT=00015309 NBRC 15309] <br> [http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/databases/ NCCB 24016] <br> [http://www.hpa.org.uk/nctc/jengine.asp NCTC 10343] <br> [http://nrrl.ncaur.usda.gov/cgi-bin/usda/process.html NRRL B-4317] <br> [http://www.vkm.ru/index.htm VKM B-514] |
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| synonyms = ''Bacillus polymyxa'' <small>(Prazmowski 1880) Macé 1889</small> <br> ''Clostridium polymyxa'' <small>Prazmowski 1880</small> <br> ''Granulobacter polymyxa'' <small>(Prazmowski 1880) Beijerinck 1893</small> <br> ''Aerobacillus polymyxa'' <small>(Prazmowski 1880) Donker 1926</small> <br> ''Pseudomonas azotogensis'' <small>Voets and Debacker</small> |
| synonyms = ''Bacillus polymyxa'' <small>(Prazmowski 1880) Macé 1889</small> <br> ''Clostridium polymyxa'' <small>Prazmowski 1880</small> <br> ''Granulobacter polymyxa'' <small>(Prazmowski 1880) Beijerinck 1893</small> <br> ''Aerobacillus polymyxa'' <small>(Prazmowski 1880) Donker 1926</small> <br> ''Pseudomonas azotogensis'' <small>Voets and Debacker</small> |
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'''''Paenibacillus polymyxa''''', also known as '''''Bacillus polymyxa''''', is a [[Gram-positive bacteria|Gram-positive]] [[bacterium]] capable of [[nitrogen fixation|fixing nitrogen]]. It is found in soil, plant tissues<ref>{{Cite journal| |
'''''Paenibacillus polymyxa''''', also known as '''''Bacillus polymyxa''''', is a [[Gram-positive bacteria|Gram-positive]] [[bacterium]] capable of [[nitrogen fixation|fixing nitrogen]]. It is found in soil, plant tissues, marine sediments and [[hot spring]]s.<ref name="pmid27890726">{{cite journal |vauthors= Mahajan GB, Balachandran L |title= Sources of antibiotics: hot springs|journal= Biochemical Pharmacology|volume= 134 |pages= 35–41 |date= June 2017 |pmid= 27890726|doi= 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.021}}</ref> It may have a role in forest ecosystems<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tang|first1=Qian|last2=Puri|first2=Akshit|last3=Padda|first3=Kiran Preet|last4=Chanway|first4=Chris P.|date=2017-02-01|title=Biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion of lodgepole pine by an endophytic diazotroph ''Paenibacillus polymyxa'' and its GFP-tagged derivative|journal=Botany|volume=95|issue=6|pages=611–619|doi=10.1139/cjb-2016-0300|issn=1916-2790}}</ref> and potential future applications as a biofertilizer and biocontrol agent in agriculture.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Padda|first1=Kiran Preet|title=Paenibacillus polymyxa: A Prominent Biofertilizer and Biocontrol Agent for Sustainable Agriculture|date=2017|work=Agriculturally Important Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture: Volume 2: Applications in Crop Production and Protection|pages=165–191|editor-last=Meena|editor-first=Vijay Singh|publisher=Springer Singapore|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-981-10-5343-6_6|isbn=978-981-10-5343-6|last2=Puri|first2=Akshit|last3=Chanway|first3=Chris P.|editor2-last=Mishra|editor2-first=Pankaj Kumar|editor3-last=Bisht|editor3-first=Jaideep Kumar|editor4-last=Pattanayak|editor4-first=Arunava}}</ref> |
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==Growth conditions== |
==Growth conditions== |
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''P. polymyxa'' can be grown in the laboratory on [[trypticase soy agar]] medium. |
''P. polymyxa'' can be grown in the laboratory on [[trypticase soy agar]] medium. It can also be grown on brain heart infusion agar medium. |
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==Applications== |
==Applications== |
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===Agricultural use=== |
===Agricultural use=== |
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''P. polymyxa'' |
''P. polymyxa'' might have possible future applications as a [[soil inoculant]] in [[agriculture]] and [[horticulture]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Puri|first1=Akshit|last2=Padda|first2=Kiran Preet|last3=Chanway|first3=Chris P.|date=2016-06-01|title=Seedling growth promotion and nitrogen fixation by a bacterial endophyte ''Paenibacillus polymyxa'' P2b-2R and its GFP derivative in corn in a long-term trial|journal=Symbiosis|language=en|volume=69|issue=2|pages=123–129|doi=10.1007/s13199-016-0385-z|s2cid=17870808|issn=1878-7665}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Padda|first1=Kiran Preet|last2=Puri|first2=Akshit|last3=Chanway|first3=Chris P.|date=2016-07-07|title=Plant growth promotion and nitrogen fixation in canola (''Brassica napus'') by an endophytic strain of ''Paenibacillus polymyxa'' and its GFP-tagged derivative in a long-term study|journal=Botany|volume=94|issue=12|pages=1209–1217|doi=10.1139/cjb-2016-0075|issn=1916-2790}}</ref> Biofilms of ''P. polymyxa'' growing on plant roots have been shown to produce [[exopolysaccharide]]s which protect the plants from pathogens. The interactions between this bacterial species and plant roots also cause the root hairs to undergo physical changes.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Yegorenkova|first=Irina V.|author2=Tregubova, Kristina V. |author3=Ignatov, Vladimir V. |title=''Paenibacillus polymyxa'' Rhizobacteria and Their Synthesized Exoglycans in Interaction with Wheat Roots: Colonization and Root Hair Deformation|journal=Current Microbiology|date=12 January 2013|volume=66|issue=5|pages=481–486|doi=10.1007/s00284-012-0297-y|pmid=23314809|s2cid=2739127}}</ref> |
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===Antibiotics=== |
===Antibiotics=== |
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Some strains of ''P. polymyxa'' produce [[ |
Some strains of ''P. polymyxa'' produce [[antibiotic]]s including fusaricidin<ref name="pmid27890726"/> and [[polymyxin]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Shaheen|first=M|author2=Li, J |author3=Ross, AC |author4=Vederas, JC |author5= Jensen, SE |title=Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 produces variants of polymyxin B-type antibiotics.|journal=Chemistry & Biology|date=Dec 23, 2011|volume=18|issue=12|pages=1640–8|pmid=22195566|doi=10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.017|doi-access=}}</ref> ''P. polymyxa'' var. ''colistinus'' produces the antibiotic [[colistin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Voort |first1=Peter H. J. van der |last2=Saene |first2=Hendrick K. F. van |title=Selective Digestive Tract Decontamination in Intensive Care Medicine: a Practical Guide to Controlling Infection |date=2008 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9788847006539 |page=82 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YpyVPOH3AV8C&pg=PA82 |language=en}}</ref> |
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[[Surfactant]] complexes isolated from ''P. polymyxa'' have been shown to be effective in disrupting [[biofilm]]s of ''[[Bacillus subtilis]]'', ''[[Micrococcus luteus]]'', ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Streptococcus bovis]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Quinn|first=GA|author2=Maloy, AP |author3=McClean, S |author4=Carney, B |author5= Slater, JW |title=Lipopeptide biosurfactants from Paenibacillus polymyxa inhibit single and mixed species biofilms.|journal=Biofouling|year=2012|volume=28|issue=10|pages=1151–66|pmid=23113815|doi=10.1080/08927014.2012.738292}}</ref> |
[[Surfactant]] complexes isolated from ''P. polymyxa'' have been shown to be effective in disrupting [[biofilm]]s of ''[[Bacillus subtilis]]'', ''[[Micrococcus luteus]]'', ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Streptococcus bovis]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Quinn|first=GA|author2=Maloy, AP |author3=McClean, S |author4=Carney, B |author5= Slater, JW |title=Lipopeptide biosurfactants from Paenibacillus polymyxa inhibit single and mixed species biofilms.|journal=Biofouling|year=2012|volume=28|issue=10|pages=1151–66|pmid=23113815|doi=10.1080/08927014.2012.738292|s2cid=39957498}}</ref> |
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===Cell extraction=== |
===Cell extraction=== |
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''P. polymyxa'' is |
''P. polymyxa'' is a source of [[dispase]], an enzyme used to isolate cells from animal tissues.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=ONO|first1=JUNKO|last2=TAKAKI|first2=RYOSABURO|last3=FUKUMA|first3=MICHIO|title=Preparation of single cells from pancreatic islets of adult rat by the use of dispase.|journal=Endocrinologia Japonica|date=1977|volume=24|issue=3|pages=265–270|doi=10.1507/endocrj1954.24.265|pmid=410634|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stenn|first1=Kurt S|last2=Link|first2=Richard|last3=Moellmann|first3=Gisela|last4=Madri|first4=Joseph|last5=Kuklinska|first5=Elizabeth|title=Dispase, a Neutral Protease From Bacillus Polymyxa, Is a Powerful Fibronectinase and Type IV Collagenase|journal=Journal of Investigative Dermatology|date=August 1989|volume=93|issue=2|pages=287–290|doi=10.1111/1523-1747.ep12277593|pmid=2546994|doi-access=}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 22:39, 18 August 2023
| Paenibacillus polymyxa | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Binomial name | |
| Paenibacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880)
Ash et al. 1994 | |
| Type strain | |
| ATCC 842 CCUG 1086 CFBP 4258 CIP 66.22 DSM 36 HAMBI 635 and 1897 JCM 2507 LMG 13294 NBRC 15309 NCCB 24016 NCTC 10343 NRRL B-4317 VKM B-514 | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Bacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Macé 1889 | |
Paenibacillus polymyxa, also known as Bacillus polymyxa, is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen. It is found in soil, plant tissues, marine sediments and hot springs.[1] It may have a role in forest ecosystems[2] and potential future applications as a biofertilizer and biocontrol agent in agriculture.[3]
Growth conditions[edit]
P. polymyxa can be grown in the laboratory on trypticase soy agar medium. It can also be grown on brain heart infusion agar medium.
Applications[edit]
Agricultural use[edit]
P. polymyxa might have possible future applications as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.[4][5] Biofilms of P. polymyxa growing on plant roots have been shown to produce exopolysaccharides which protect the plants from pathogens. The interactions between this bacterial species and plant roots also cause the root hairs to undergo physical changes.[6]
Antibiotics[edit]
Some strains of P. polymyxa produce antibiotics including fusaricidin[1] and polymyxins.[7] P. polymyxa var. colistinus produces the antibiotic colistin.[8]
Surfactant complexes isolated from P. polymyxa have been shown to be effective in disrupting biofilms of Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus bovis.[9]
Cell extraction[edit]
P. polymyxa is a source of dispase, an enzyme used to isolate cells from animal tissues.[10][11]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Mahajan GB, Balachandran L (June 2017). "Sources of antibiotics: hot springs". Biochemical Pharmacology. 134: 35–41. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.021. PMID 27890726.
- ^ Tang, Qian; Puri, Akshit; Padda, Kiran Preet; Chanway, Chris P. (2017-02-01). "Biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion of lodgepole pine by an endophytic diazotroph Paenibacillus polymyxa and its GFP-tagged derivative". Botany. 95 (6): 611–619. doi:10.1139/cjb-2016-0300. ISSN 1916-2790.
- ^ Padda, Kiran Preet; Puri, Akshit; Chanway, Chris P. (2017), Meena, Vijay Singh; Mishra, Pankaj Kumar; Bisht, Jaideep Kumar; Pattanayak, Arunava (eds.), "Paenibacillus polymyxa: A Prominent Biofertilizer and Biocontrol Agent for Sustainable Agriculture", Agriculturally Important Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture: Volume 2: Applications in Crop Production and Protection, Springer Singapore, pp. 165–191, doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5343-6_6, ISBN 978-981-10-5343-6
- ^ Puri, Akshit; Padda, Kiran Preet; Chanway, Chris P. (2016-06-01). "Seedling growth promotion and nitrogen fixation by a bacterial endophyte Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R and its GFP derivative in corn in a long-term trial". Symbiosis. 69 (2): 123–129. doi:10.1007/s13199-016-0385-z. ISSN 1878-7665. S2CID 17870808.
- ^ Padda, Kiran Preet; Puri, Akshit; Chanway, Chris P. (2016-07-07). "Plant growth promotion and nitrogen fixation in canola (Brassica napus) by an endophytic strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa and its GFP-tagged derivative in a long-term study". Botany. 94 (12): 1209–1217. doi:10.1139/cjb-2016-0075. ISSN 1916-2790.
- ^ Yegorenkova, Irina V.; Tregubova, Kristina V.; Ignatov, Vladimir V. (12 January 2013). "Paenibacillus polymyxa Rhizobacteria and Their Synthesized Exoglycans in Interaction with Wheat Roots: Colonization and Root Hair Deformation". Current Microbiology. 66 (5): 481–486. doi:10.1007/s00284-012-0297-y. PMID 23314809. S2CID 2739127.
- ^ Shaheen, M; Li, J; Ross, AC; Vederas, JC; Jensen, SE (Dec 23, 2011). "Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 produces variants of polymyxin B-type antibiotics". Chemistry & Biology. 18 (12): 1640–8. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.017. PMID 22195566.
- ^ Voort, Peter H. J. van der; Saene, Hendrick K. F. van (2008). Selective Digestive Tract Decontamination in Intensive Care Medicine: a Practical Guide to Controlling Infection. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 82. ISBN 9788847006539.
- ^ Quinn, GA; Maloy, AP; McClean, S; Carney, B; Slater, JW (2012). "Lipopeptide biosurfactants from Paenibacillus polymyxa inhibit single and mixed species biofilms". Biofouling. 28 (10): 1151–66. doi:10.1080/08927014.2012.738292. PMID 23113815. S2CID 39957498.
- ^ ONO, JUNKO; TAKAKI, RYOSABURO; FUKUMA, MICHIO (1977). "Preparation of single cells from pancreatic islets of adult rat by the use of dispase". Endocrinologia Japonica. 24 (3): 265–270. doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.24.265. PMID 410634.
- ^ Stenn, Kurt S; Link, Richard; Moellmann, Gisela; Madri, Joseph; Kuklinska, Elizabeth (August 1989). "Dispase, a Neutral Protease From Bacillus Polymyxa, Is a Powerful Fibronectinase and Type IV Collagenase". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 93 (2): 287–290. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12277593. PMID 2546994.
External links[edit]
- UniProt Taxonomy
- PATRIC: Paenibacillus polymyxa
- Type strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
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