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{{short description|Professional society for parapsychologists}}
[[File:Wm james.jpg|thumb|American psychologist and philosopher [[William James]] (1842–1910) was an early psychical researcher.]]
The '''Parapsychological Association''' ('''PA''') was formed in 1957 as a professional society for [[parapsychologists]] following an initiative by [[Joseph Banks Rhine|Joseph B. Rhine]]. Its purpose has been "to advance [[parapsychology]] as a science, to disseminate knowledge of the field, and to integrate the findings with those of other branches of science." The work of the association is reported in the ''[[Journal of Parapsychology]]'' and the ''[[Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parapsych.org/psi_journals.html |title=Psi Journals & Publications |publisher=Parasychological Association |accessdate=2010-05-20}} (primary source)</ref>
The '''Parapsychological Association''' ('''PA''') was formed in 1957 as a professional society for [[parapsychologists]] following an initiative by [[Joseph Banks Rhine|Joseph B. Rhine]]. Its purpose has been "to advance [[parapsychology]] as a science, to disseminate knowledge of the field, and to integrate the findings with those of other branches of science." The work of the association is reported in the ''[[Journal of Parapsychology]]'' and the ''[[Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research]]''.<ref name="Psi Journals & Publications">{{cite web |url=http://www.parapsych.org/psi_journals.html |title=Psi Journals & Publications |publisher=Parapsychological Association |access-date=2010-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021211020513/http://parapsych.org/psi_journals.html |archive-date=2002-12-11 |url-status=dead }} (primary source)</ref>


The Parapsychological Association became affiliated with the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] in 1969, and it is still an affiliate as of 2019.<ref name="Parapsychology and the Integrity of Science">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1979/08/26/parapsychology-and-the-integrity-of-science/c610e457-acf7-4efa-b894-a5fb3bbee0e9/ |title=Parapsychology and the Integrity of Science |work=The Washington Post |access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref><ref name="List of AAAS Affiliates">{{cite web |url=https://www.aaas.org/group/60/list-aaas-affiliates |title=List of AAAS Affiliates |work=AAAS |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science |access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref><ref name="About The Parapsychological Association">{{cite web |url=https://www.parapsych.org/base/about.aspx |title=About The Parapsychological Association |work=Parapsychological Association |publisher=Parapsychological Association |access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref><ref name="Parapsychology">{{cite web |url=http://www.annalisaventola.com/research/ |title=Parapsychology |work=Annalisa Ventola |publisher=Annalisa Ventola |access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref><ref name="What is Parapsychology?">{{cite web |url=https://istina.rin.ru/cgi-bin/eng/print.pl?sait=2&id=599 |title=What is Parapsychology? |work=Parapsychology and Magic |publisher=Russian Information Network}}</ref><ref name="What on earth?">{{cite web |url=http://zenoferox.blogspot.com/2007/08/what-on-earth.html |title=What on earth? |work=Halfway There|date=18 August 2007 }}</ref>
In 1969, the Parapsychological Association became affiliated with the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]].


==History==
==History==
The Association was created in [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], North Carolina, on June 19, 1957. Its formation was proposed by Rhine, then Director of the [[Rhine Research Center|Duke Parapsychology Laboratory]] at [[Duke University]], at a ''Workshop in Parapsychology'' held there. Using the occasion afforded by this wide representation of the field, Rhine proposed that the group form itself into the nucleus of an international professional society in parapsychology.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}
The Association was created in [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], North Carolina, on June 19, 1957. Its formation was proposed by Rhine, then Director of the [[Rhine Research Center|Duke Parapsychology Laboratory]] at [[Duke University]], at a ''Workshop in Parapsychology'' held there. Using the occasion afforded by this wide representation of the field, Rhine proposed that the group form itself into the nucleus of an international professional society in parapsychology.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}


Its first president was [[R. A. McConnell]], then of the Biophysics Department, [[University of Pittsburgh]], and the first vice-president was Gertrude R. Schmeidler of the Department of Psychology, [[City College of New York]]. Rhea White was named Secretary Treasurer. Four others were elected to the Council, bringing the total to seven: Margaret Anderson, Remi J. Cadoret, [[Karlis Osis]], and [[W. G. Roll]]. One of the co-founding supporters of PA was renowned anthropologist [[Margaret Mead]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Melton |first=J. G. |authorlink= |title=Parapsychological Association. In Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology |publisher=[[Thomson Gale]] |year=1996 |pages= |isbn=978-0-8103-9487-2}}</ref>
Its first president was [[R. A. McConnell]], then of the Biophysics Department, [[University of Pittsburgh]], and the first vice-president was Gertrude R. Schmeidler of the Department of Psychology, [[City College of New York]]. Rhea White was named Secretary Treasurer. Four others were elected to the council, bringing the total to seven: Margaret Anderson, Remi J. Cadoret, [[Karlis Osis]], and [[W. G. Roll]]. One of the co-founding supporters of PA was anthropologist [[Margaret Mead]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Melton |first=J. G. |title=Parapsychological Association. In Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology |publisher=[[Thomson Gale]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-8103-9487-2}}</ref>

In 1984, [[Richard Feynman]] spoke at the annual convention of the association.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Solfvin |first1=Jerry |editor1-last=White |editor1-first=Rhea |editor2-last=Solfvin |editor2-first=Jerry |title=Research in parapsychology, 1984 : abstracts and papers from the twenty-seventh Annual Convention of the Parapsychological Association, 1984 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=London |page=vii |url=https://archive.org/details/researchinparaps0000para_j8i4 |chapter=Preface: The Twenty-seventh Annual Convention}}</ref>


==Activities==
==Activities==
In 1969 the association became formally affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).<ref name=cardena13/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaas.org/aboutaaas/affiliates/ |title=AAAS Affiliates |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |accessdate=2010-05-20}}</ref> The work of the association is reported in the ''Journal of Parapsychology'' and the ''Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parapsych.org/psi_journals.html |title=Psi Journals & Publications |publisher=Parasychological Association |accessdate=2010-05-20}} (primary source)</ref>
In 1969 the association became formally affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).<ref name=cardena13>{{cite journal |title=A call for an open, informed study of all aspects of consciousness |author=Etzel Cardeña |date=January 27, 2014 |journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |pmc=3902298 |pmid=24478682 |doi=10.3389/fnhum.2014.00017 |volume=8 |pages=17|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaas.org/aboutaaas/affiliates/ |title=AAAS Affiliates |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |access-date=2010-05-20}}</ref> The work of the association is reported in the ''Journal of Parapsychology'' and the ''Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research''.<ref name="Psi Journals & Publications"/>

⚫
The current president of the PA is American clinical psychologist James C. Carpenter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parapsych.org/section/35/board_of_directors.aspx|title=Board of Directors - The Parapsychological Association|website=www.parapsych.org}}</ref>


⚫
The current president of the PA is American clinical psychologist [[James C. Carpenter]]. <ref>http://www.parapsych.org/section/35/board_of_directors.aspx</ref>
==Criticism==
==Criticism==
The association has its critics, including physicist John Archibald Wheeler, who tried but failed to convince the AAAS to expel the organization in 1979.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://seattleskeptics.org/pages/events.htm |title=Drive the Pseudos out of the Workshop of Science |last=Wheeler |first=John Archibald }}</ref>
The association has its critics, including physicist [[John Archibald Wheeler]], who tried but failed to convince the AAAS to expel the organization in 1979.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://seattleskeptics.org/pages/events.htm |title=Drive the Pseudos out of the Workshop of Science |last=Wheeler |first=John Archibald |access-date=2008-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724035411/http://seattleskeptics.org/pages/events.htm |archive-date=2008-07-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During his presentation Wheeler incorrectly stated that J. B. Rhine had committed fraud as a student. Wheeler retracted that statement in a letter to the journal ''Science''.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Wheeler | first1 = J. A. | year = 1979 | title = Parapsychology - A correction | journal = Science | volume = 205 | issue = 4402| pages = 144–148 | doi = 10.1126/science.205.4402.144-b | pmid = 17750301 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
*{{official|http://parapsych.org/}}
*{{Official website|http://parapsych.org/}}


{{Parapsychology}}
{{Parapsychology}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Parapsychology]]
[[Category:Parapsychology]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1957]]


[[cs:Paranormální jev]]
[[cs:Paranormální jev]]
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[[it:Paranormale]]
[[it:Paranormale]]
[[he:על טבעי]]
[[he:על טבעי]]
[[ja:超常現象]]
[[pl:Zjawiska paranormalne]]
[[pl:Zjawiska paranormalne]]
[[pt:Paranormal]]
[[pt:Paranormal]]

Latest revision as of 23:57, 10 January 2024

The Parapsychological Association (PA) was formed in 1957 as a professional society for parapsychologists following an initiative by Joseph B. Rhine. Its purpose has been "to advance parapsychology as a science, to disseminate knowledge of the field, and to integrate the findings with those of other branches of science." The work of the association is reported in the Journal of Parapsychology and the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research.[1]

The Parapsychological Association became affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1969, and it is still an affiliate as of 2019.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

History[edit]

The Association was created in Durham, North Carolina, on June 19, 1957. Its formation was proposed by Rhine, then Director of the Duke Parapsychology Laboratory at Duke University, at a Workshop in Parapsychology held there. Using the occasion afforded by this wide representation of the field, Rhine proposed that the group form itself into the nucleus of an international professional society in parapsychology.[citation needed]

Its first president was R. A. McConnell, then of the Biophysics Department, University of Pittsburgh, and the first vice-president was Gertrude R. Schmeidler of the Department of Psychology, City College of New York. Rhea White was named Secretary Treasurer. Four others were elected to the council, bringing the total to seven: Margaret Anderson, Remi J. Cadoret, Karlis Osis, and W. G. Roll. One of the co-founding supporters of PA was anthropologist Margaret Mead.[8]

In 1984, Richard Feynman spoke at the annual convention of the association.[9]

Activities[edit]

In 1969 the association became formally affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).[10][11] The work of the association is reported in the Journal of Parapsychology and the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research.[1]

The current president of the PA is American clinical psychologist James C. Carpenter.[12]

Criticism[edit]

The association has its critics, including physicist John Archibald Wheeler, who tried but failed to convince the AAAS to expel the organization in 1979.[13] During his presentation Wheeler incorrectly stated that J. B. Rhine had committed fraud as a student. Wheeler retracted that statement in a letter to the journal Science.[14]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Psi Journals & Publications". Parapsychological Association. Archived from the original on 2002-12-11. Retrieved 2010-05-20. (primary source)
  2. ^ "Parapsychology and the Integrity of Science". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-10-14.
  3. ^ "List of AAAS Affiliates". AAAS. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 2019-10-14.
  4. ^ "About The Parapsychological Association". Parapsychological Association. Parapsychological Association. Retrieved 2019-10-14.
  5. ^ "Parapsychology". Annalisa Ventola. Annalisa Ventola. Retrieved 2019-10-14.
  6. ^ "What is Parapsychology?". Parapsychology and Magic. Russian Information Network.
  7. ^ "What on earth?". Halfway There. 18 August 2007.
  8. ^ Melton, J. G. (1996). Parapsychological Association. In Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Thomson Gale. ISBN 978-0-8103-9487-2.
  9. ^ Solfvin, Jerry. "Preface: The Twenty-seventh Annual Convention". In White, Rhea; Solfvin, Jerry (eds.). Research in parapsychology, 1984 : abstracts and papers from the twenty-seventh Annual Convention of the Parapsychological Association, 1984. London: Scarecrow Press. p. vii.
  10. ^ Etzel Cardeña (January 27, 2014). "A call for an open, informed study of all aspects of consciousness". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 8: 17. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00017. PMC 3902298. PMID 24478682.
  11. ^ "AAAS Affiliates". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
  12. ^ "Board of Directors - The Parapsychological Association". www.parapsych.org.
  13. ^ Wheeler, John Archibald. "Drive the Pseudos out of the Workshop of Science". Archived from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
  14. ^ Wheeler, J. A. (1979). "Parapsychology - A correction". Science. 205 (4402): 144–148. doi:10.1126/science.205.4402.144-b. PMID 17750301.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parapsychological_Association&oldid=1194835018"