Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of oak tree}}
{{italictitle}}
{{other uses|Valonia (disambiguation)|Camata (disambiguation)}}
{{other uses|Valonia (disambiguation)|Camata (disambiguation)}}
{{Infraspeciesbox
{{taxobox
| image = Quercia vallonea Tricase 3.JPG
|name = Valonia oak
|image = Quercia vallonea Tricase 3.JPG
| image_caption = Growing at [[Tricase]], [[Lecce]]
| genus = Quercus
|image_caption = Example of ''Q. macrolepis'' at [[Tricase]], [[Lecce]]
| species = ithaburensis
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| subspecies = macrolepis
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
⚫
| authority = ([[Carl Friedrich Kotschy|Kotschy]]) Hedge & Yalt.
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| synonyms =
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
{{Species_list
|ordo = [[Fagales]]
|Quercus aegilops subsp. macrolepis|(Kotschy) A.Camus
|familia = [[Fagaceae]]
|Quercus aegilops subsp. pyrami|(Kotschy) A.Camus
|genus = ''[[Oak|Quercus]]''
|Quercus aegilops subsp. vallonea|(Kotschy) A.Camus
|sectio = ''[[List of Quercus species#Section Cerris|Cerris]]''
|Quercus aegilops|L., nom. rej.
|species = '''''Q. macrolepis'''''
|Quercus agriobalanidea|Papaioannou
⚫
|binomial = ''Quercus macrolepis''
|Quercus cretica|Bald.
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|binomial_authority = [[Carl Friedrich Kotschy|Kotschy]]
|synonyms = ''Quercus ithaburensis''<br>
|Quercus echinata|Lam.
''Quercus aegilops''
|Quercus ehrenbergii|Kotschy
|Quercus graeca|Kotschy
⚫
|}}
|Quercus hypoleuca|Kotschy ex A.DC.
'''''Quercus macrolepis''''', the '''Valonia oak''',<ref>[http://www.serendipity.gr/Society%20for%20Valonia%20Oak.htm Society for Valonia Oak website] {{wayback|url=http://www.serendipity.gr/Society%20for%20Valonia%20Oak.htm |date=20110625172549 }}</ref> is a tree in the family [[Fagaceae]]. It used to be considered a subspecies of [[Quercus ithaburensis]] or a hybrid of [[Quercus libani]]. It appears to be closely related to [[Quercus brantii]] but with cupscales less curved and the cup covering almost all the fruit with sunken apex and shorter petiole.<ref>Jean-Louis Hélardot's website [http://oaks.of.the.world.free.fr/quercus_ithaburensis.htm Oaks of the world], Sept. 2016</ref>
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|Quercus macrolepis|Kotschy
|Quercus massana|Ehrenb. ex Wenz.
|Quercus pyrami|Kotschy
|Quercus vallonea|A.DC.
|Quercus vallonea|Kotschy
|Quercus ventricosa|Koehne
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO_920259-1>{{cite web |title=''Quercus ithaburensis'' subsp. ''macrolepis'' (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:920259-1 |access-date=2023-02-21 }}</ref>
⚫
}}


'''''Quercus ithaburensis'' subsp. ''macrolepis''''', the '''Valonia oak''',<ref>[http://www.serendipity.gr/Society%20for%20Valonia%20Oak.htm Society for Valonia Oak website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625172549/http://www.serendipity.gr/Society%20for%20Valonia%20Oak.htm |date=June 25, 2011 }}</ref> is a subspecies of ''[[Quercus ithaburensis]]'', a member of the beech family, [[Fagaceae]].<ref name=POWO_920259-1/> It may also be treated as a separate species, '''''Quercus macrolepis'''''.<ref name=VReview>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-04 |title=Vallonea or Aegilops Oaks, a Short Review |url=https://www.internationaloaksociety.org/content/vallonea-or-aegilops-oaks-short-review |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=International Oak Society |language=en}}</ref>
==Geographical range==

It is found in the [[Balkans]], and in the southern and eastern [[Mediterranean]], including the [[Greek Islands]], [[Turkey]], [[Israel]], and [[Morocco]].
== Taxonomy ==
The Valonia oak was first described as the species ''Quercus macrolepis'' by [[Carl Friedrich Kotschy]] in 1860. It was reduced to a subspecies of ''Quercus ithaburensis'' in 1981.<ref name=POWO_920259-1/> Within the oak genus, ''Q.&nbsp;ithaburensis'' is classified in the subgenus ''Cerris'', [[Quercus sect. Cerris|section ''Cerris'']], which includes ''[[Quercus cerris]]'', the Turkey oak, and related species. It is most closely related to ''[[Quercus brantii]]'', Brant's oak.<ref name=VReview/>

==Distribution==
''Quercus ithaburensis'' subsp. ''macrolepis'' is native from south-east [[Italy]], through the [[Balkans]] ([[Albania]], [[Bulgaria]], former [[Yugoslavia]]) and [[Greece]], including [[Crete]] and the [[:Category:Flora of the East Aegean Islands|East Aegean Islands]]), to the eastern Mediterranean ([[Turkey]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]]. It is absent from the [[Palestine (region)|Palestine region]],<ref name=POWO_920259-1/> where only the subspecies ''ithaburensis'' occurs.<ref name=POWO_77172217-1>{{cite web |title=''Quercus ithaburensis'' subsp. ''ithaburensis'' |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77172217-1 |access-date=2023-02-21 }}</ref>


==Uses==
==Uses==
[[File:Quercus ithaburensis ssp.macrolepis MHNT.BOT.2004.0.80.jpg|thumb|left|'' Quercus ithaburensis'' ssp. ''macrolepis'']]
[[File:Quercus ithaburensis ssp.macrolepis MHNT.BOT.2004.0.80.jpg|thumb|center|Acorns]]
The cups, known as valonia, are used for [[tanning]] and dyeing as are the unripe acorns called camata or camatina. The ripe acorns are eaten raw or boiled.<ref>[http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/q/qplant1.html Qercus aegilops on food.oregonstate.edu] {{wayback|url=http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/q/qplant1.html |date=20100721015338 }}</ref>
The cups, known as valonia, are used for [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]] and dyeing as are the unripe acorns called camata or camatina. The ripe acorns are eaten raw or boiled.<ref>[http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/q/qplant1.html ''Qercus aegilops'' on food.oregonstate.edu] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721015338/http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/q/qplant1.html |date=July 21, 2010 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Trees}}
* [[Valoneic acid]]
* [[Valoneic acid]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q16919759}}
{{Tannin source}}
{{Tannin source}}


[[Category:Quercus|ithaburensis macrolepis]]
<!--languages-->
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[[Category:Flora of Albania]]

[[Category:Quercus|macrolepis]]
[[Category:Flora of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Flora of the Mediterranean]]
[[Category:Flora of the East Aegean Islands]]
[[Category:Trees of the Middle East]]
[[Category:Flora of Greece]]
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[[Category:Flora of Italy]]
[[Category:Flora of Crete]]
[[Category:Flora of Lebanon and Syria]]
[[Category:Flora of Turkey]]
[[Category:Flora of European Turkey]]
[[Category:Flora of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Trees of Europe]]
[[Category:Trees of Europe]]
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[[Category:Trees of Morocco]]
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[[Category:Flora of Israel]]
[[Category:Trees of Mediterranean climate]]
[[Category:Trees of Mediterranean climate]]


{{Fagales-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:44, 7 December 2023

For other uses, see Valonia (disambiguation) and Camata (disambiguation).

Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis
Growing at Tricase, Lecce
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Species:
Q. ithaburensis
Subspecies:
Q. i. subsp. macrolepis
Trinomial name
Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis
(Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.
Synonyms[1]
  • Quercus aegilops subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) A.Camus
  • Quercus aegilops subsp. pyrami (Kotschy) A.Camus
  • Quercus aegilops subsp. vallonea (Kotschy) A.Camus
  • Quercus aegilops L., nom. rej.
  • Quercus agriobalanidea Papaioannou
  • Quercus cretica Bald.
  • Quercus echinata Lam.
  • Quercus ehrenbergii Kotschy
  • Quercus graeca Kotschy
  • Quercus hypoleuca Kotschy ex A.DC.
  • Quercus macrolepis Kotschy
  • Quercus massana Ehrenb. ex Wenz.
  • Quercus pyrami Kotschy
  • Quercus vallonea A.DC.
  • Quercus vallonea Kotschy
  • Quercus ventricosa Koehne

Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, the Valonia oak,[2] is a subspecies of Quercus ithaburensis, a member of the beech family, Fagaceae.[1] It may also be treated as a separate species, Quercus macrolepis.[3]

Taxonomy[edit]

The Valonia oak was first described as the species Quercus macrolepis by Carl Friedrich Kotschy in 1860. It was reduced to a subspecies of Quercus ithaburensis in 1981.[1] Within the oak genus, Q. ithaburensis is classified in the subgenus Cerris, section Cerris, which includes Quercus cerris, the Turkey oak, and related species. It is most closely related to Quercus brantii, Brant's oak.[3]

Distribution[edit]

Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis is native from south-east Italy, through the Balkans (Albania, Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia) and Greece, including Crete and the East Aegean Islands), to the eastern Mediterranean (Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. It is absent from the Palestine region,[1] where only the subspecies ithaburensis occurs.[4]

Uses[edit]

Acorns

The cups, known as valonia, are used for tanning and dyeing as are the unripe acorns called camata or camatina. The ripe acorns are eaten raw or boiled.[5]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
  2. ^ Society for Valonia Oak website Archived June 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ a b "Vallonea or Aegilops Oaks, a Short Review". International Oak Society. 2016-06-04. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
  4. ^ "Quercus ithaburensis subsp. ithaburensis". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
  5. ^ Qercus aegilops on food.oregonstate.edu Archived July 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
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