Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of oak tree}} |
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{{italictitle}} |
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{{other uses|Valonia (disambiguation)|Camata (disambiguation)}} |
{{other uses|Valonia (disambiguation)|Camata (disambiguation)}} |
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{{Infraspeciesbox |
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{{taxobox |
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| image = Quercia vallonea Tricase 3.JPG |
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|name = Valonia oak |
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| image_caption = Growing at [[Tricase]], [[Lecce]] |
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| genus = Quercus |
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|image_caption = Example of ''Q. macrolepis'' at [[Tricase]], [[Lecce]] |
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| species = ithaburensis |
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|regnum = [[Plant]]ae |
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| subspecies = macrolepis |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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| synonyms = |
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|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |
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{{Species_list |
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|ordo = [[Fagales]] |
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|Quercus aegilops subsp. macrolepis|(Kotschy) A.Camus |
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|familia = [[Fagaceae]] |
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|Quercus aegilops subsp. pyrami|(Kotschy) A.Camus |
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|genus = ''[[Oak|Quercus]]'' |
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|Quercus aegilops subsp. vallonea|(Kotschy) A.Camus |
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|sectio = ''[[List of Quercus species#Section Cerris|Cerris]]'' |
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|Quercus aegilops|L., nom. rej. |
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|species = '''''Q. macrolepis''''' |
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|Quercus agriobalanidea|Papaioannou |
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|Quercus cretica|Bald. |
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|Quercus echinata|Lam. |
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|Quercus ehrenbergii|Kotschy |
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|Quercus graeca|Kotschy |
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|Quercus hypoleuca|Kotschy ex A.DC. |
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'''''Quercus macrolepis''''', the '''Valonia oak''',<ref>[http://www.serendipity.gr/Society%20for%20Valonia%20Oak.htm Society for Valonia Oak website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625172549/http://www.serendipity.gr/Society%20for%20Valonia%20Oak.htm |date=June 25, 2011 }}</ref> is a tree in the family [[Fagaceae]]. It used to be considered a subspecies of [[Quercus ithaburensis]] or a hybrid of [[Quercus libani]]. It appears to be closely related to [[Quercus brantii]] but with cupscales less curved and the cup covering almost all the fruit with sunken apex and shorter petiole.<ref>Jean-Louis Hélardot's website [http://oaks.of.the.world.free.fr/quercus_ithaburensis.htm Oaks of the world], Sept. 2016</ref>It can withstand strong winds, but will not thrive in wet environments. |
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|Quercus massana|Ehrenb. ex Wenz. |
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|Quercus pyrami|Kotschy |
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|Quercus vallonea|A.DC. |
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|Quercus vallonea|Kotschy |
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|Quercus ventricosa|Koehne |
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}} |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO_920259-1>{{cite web |title=''Quercus ithaburensis'' subsp. ''macrolepis'' (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:920259-1 |access-date=2023-02-21 }}</ref> |
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'''''Quercus ithaburensis'' subsp. ''macrolepis''''', the '''Valonia oak''',<ref>[http://www.serendipity.gr/Society%20for%20Valonia%20Oak.htm Society for Valonia Oak website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625172549/http://www.serendipity.gr/Society%20for%20Valonia%20Oak.htm |date=June 25, 2011 }}</ref> is a subspecies of ''[[Quercus ithaburensis]]'', a member of the beech family, [[Fagaceae]].<ref name=POWO_920259-1/> It may also be treated as a separate species, '''''Quercus macrolepis'''''.<ref name=VReview>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-04 |title=Vallonea or Aegilops Oaks, a Short Review |url=https://www.internationaloaksociety.org/content/vallonea-or-aegilops-oaks-short-review |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=International Oak Society |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Geographical range== |
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It is found in the [[Balkans]], and in the southern and eastern [[Mediterranean]], including the [[Greek Islands]], [[Turkey]], [[Israel]], and [[Morocco]]. |
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== Taxonomy == |
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The Valonia oak was first described as the species ''Quercus macrolepis'' by [[Carl Friedrich Kotschy]] in 1860. It was reduced to a subspecies of ''Quercus ithaburensis'' in 1981.<ref name=POWO_920259-1/> Within the oak genus, ''Q. ithaburensis'' is classified in the subgenus ''Cerris'', [[Quercus sect. Cerris|section ''Cerris'']], which includes ''[[Quercus cerris]]'', the Turkey oak, and related species. It is most closely related to ''[[Quercus brantii]]'', Brant's oak.<ref name=VReview/> |
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⚫ | The cups, known as |
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==Distribution== |
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''Quercus ithaburensis'' subsp. ''macrolepis'' is native from south-east [[Italy]], through the [[Balkans]] ([[Albania]], [[Bulgaria]], former [[Yugoslavia]]) and [[Greece]], including [[Crete]] and the [[:Category:Flora of the East Aegean Islands|East Aegean Islands]]), to the eastern Mediterranean ([[Turkey]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]]. It is absent from the [[Palestine (region)|Palestine region]],<ref name=POWO_920259-1/> where only the subspecies ''ithaburensis'' occurs.<ref name=POWO_77172217-1>{{cite web |title=''Quercus ithaburensis'' subsp. ''ithaburensis'' |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77172217-1 |access-date=2023-02-21 }}</ref> |
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Is resistant to lime, shade, steep inclines, moderate exposure, and honey fungus. The tree cannot withstand root disturbances. Does best during a warm Summer and prefers a fertile loam. It will take two years to ripen. |
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==Uses== |
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Seeds must stay moist. Seeds can be planted in deep pots, but they must be moved to a permanent location while they are young. Typically, they must be transplanted before two growing seasons expire. |
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⚫ | The cups, known as valonia, are used for [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]] and dyeing as are the unripe acorns called camata or camatina. The ripe acorns are eaten raw or boiled.<ref>[http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/q/qplant1.html ''Qercus aegilops'' on food.oregonstate.edu] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721015338/http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/q/qplant1.html |date=July 21, 2010 }}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Portal|Trees}} |
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* [[Valoneic acid]] |
* [[Valoneic acid]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q16919759}} |
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{{Tannin source}} |
{{Tannin source}} |
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[[Category:Quercus|ithaburensis macrolepis]] |
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<!--languages--> |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Flora of Bulgaria]] |
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[[Category:Flora of the |
[[Category:Flora of the East Aegean Islands]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Flora of Greece]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Crete]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Lebanon and Syria]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Turkey]] |
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[[Category:Flora of European Turkey]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Yugoslavia]] |
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[[Category:Trees of Europe]] |
[[Category:Trees of Europe]] |
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[[Category:Trees of Mediterranean climate]] |
[[Category:Trees of Mediterranean climate]] |
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{{Fagales-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 22:44, 7 December 2023
Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis | |
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Growing at Tricase, Lecce | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fagales |
Family: | Fagaceae |
Genus: | Quercus |
Species: | |
Subspecies: | Q. i. subsp. macrolepis
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Trinomial name | |
Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.
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Synonyms[1] | |
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Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, the Valonia oak,[2] is a subspecies of Quercus ithaburensis, a member of the beech family, Fagaceae.[1] It may also be treated as a separate species, Quercus macrolepis.[3]
Taxonomy[edit]
The Valonia oak was first described as the species Quercus macrolepis by Carl Friedrich Kotschy in 1860. It was reduced to a subspecies of Quercus ithaburensis in 1981.[1] Within the oak genus, Q. ithaburensis is classified in the subgenus Cerris, section Cerris, which includes Quercus cerris, the Turkey oak, and related species. It is most closely related to Quercus brantii, Brant's oak.[3]
Distribution[edit]
Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis is native from south-east Italy, through the Balkans (Albania, Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia) and Greece, including Crete and the East Aegean Islands), to the eastern Mediterranean (Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. It is absent from the Palestine region,[1] where only the subspecies ithaburensis occurs.[4]
Uses[edit]
The cups, known as valonia, are used for tanning and dyeing as are the unripe acorns called camata or camatina. The ripe acorns are eaten raw or boiled.[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d "Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ^ Society for Valonia Oak website Archived June 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Vallonea or Aegilops Oaks, a Short Review". International Oak Society. 2016-06-04. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
- ^ "Quercus ithaburensis subsp. ithaburensis". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ^ Qercus aegilops on food.oregonstate.edu Archived July 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine