Seredžius: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 55°5′N 23°25′E / 55.083°N 23.417°E / 55.083; 23.417
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| settlement_type = Town
| settlement_type = Town
| official_name = Seredžius
| official_name = Seredžius
| image_skyline =
| image_skyline = Seredžius20101017.jpg
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = Lithuania
| pushpin_map = Lithuania
| map_caption = Location of Seredžius
| map_caption = Location of Seredžius
| coordinates = {{coord|55|5|N|23|25|E|region:LT|display=inline,title}}
| latd=55|latm=04|lats=50|latNS=N|longd=23|longm=25|longs=10|longEW=E|
|
| coordinates_display= inline,title
| image_shield = Seredzius COA.gif
| image_shield = Seredzius COA.gif
| coordinates_region = LT
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{LTU}}
| subdivision_name = {{LTU}}
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| established_date =
| established_date =
| established_date2 =
| established_date2 =
| population_total = 749
| population_total = 590
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_as_of = 2011
| timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset=+2
| utc_offset=+2
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}}
}}


'''Seredžius''' is a town in [[Lithuania]], situated on the right bank of the [[Neman River]] near its confluence with [[Dubysa River]]. According to the 2001 census, it had population of 749.<ref name=census/>
'''Seredžius''' is a town in [[Lithuania]] on the right bank of the [[Nemunas River]] near its confluence with the [[Dubysa River]]. According to the 2011 census, it had a population of 590.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statistics.bookdesign.lt/table_125_07.htm?lang=en|title=2011 census|publisher=Statistikos Departamentas (Lithuania)|accessdate=August 13, 2017}}</ref>

==Names==
The [[Yiddish]] name for the city was סרעדניק (''Srednik''), corresponding to the [[Polish language|Polish]] ''Średniki'', [[German language|German]] ''Schrödnick'', and [[Russian language|Russian]] Средники (''Sredniki''). In local [[Samogitian dialect]] the town is known as ''Seredius'', in [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] - ''Seredžius''. Other recorded forms of the town's name include ''Srednike'', ''Seredzhyus'', ''Seredzhus'' and ''Seredius''. The name Seredžius is believed to be derived from середа (''sereda''), a word meaning "[[Wednesday]]" in many Slavic languages. This is probably because of the markets held there on Wednesday.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Seredžiaus piliakalnis, Palemono kalnas 02.jpg|thumb|left|View of Seredžius with Palemon Hill in the background]]
[[File:Seredžiaus piliakalnis, Palemono kalnas 02.jpg|thumb|left|View of Seredžius with Palemon Hill (hillfort) in the background]]
Southeast of the town, archaeologists discovered graves from the 3rd–4th centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> The town also has a large [[hillfort]], identified by historian [[Zenonas Ivinskis]] as Pieštvė, which was attacked by the [[Teutonic Knights]] numerous times in late 13th and early 14th centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> According to the [[Palemonids]] legend, noble refugees from the [[Roman Empire]] settled on the hill, now named after Palemon, and established the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name=palemonas/> After the [[Battle of Grunwald]], the location lost its military purpose and became a private property of the [[Sapieha family]]. The Sapiehas built a residential palace, which did not survive. The town's first Catholic church was built around 1608–1612.<ref name=kviklys/> The church was destroyed in 1829 after a landslide caused a by large flooding. The residents built a wooden church, which was replaced by a [[Neo-Renaissance]] [[John the Baptist]] church in 1913.
Southeast of the town, archaeologists discovered graves from the 3rd–4th centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> According to the [[Palemonids]] legend, noble refugees from the [[Roman Empire]] settled on the hill, now named after Palemon, and established the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name=palemonas/> The town has a large [[hillfort]] where Lithuanian [[Pieštvė]] fortress stood during the [[Lithuanian Crusade]]. It was attacked by the [[Teutonic Knights]] numerous times in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> After the [[Battle of Grunwald]], the location lost its military purpose and became private property of the [[Sapieha family]].


The Sapiehas built a residential palace, which did not survive. The town's first Catholic church was built around 1608–12.<ref name=kviklys/> The church was destroyed in 1829 after a landslide caused by extensive flooding. The residents built a wooden church, which was replaced by a [[Neo-Renaissance]] church dedicated to [[John the Baptist]] in 1913.
The town also had a large [[Jews|Jewish]] population prior to the [[Holocaust]]. In 1900 (when part of the [[Russian Empire]]) the town's Jewish population numbered 1,174.<ref name=jewishgen/> The [[Yiddish]] name for the city was סרעדניק (''Srednik''), corresponding to the [[Russian language|Russian]] name Средники (''Sredniki''). Other recorded forms of the name include ''Srednike'', ''Seredžiaūs'', ''Seredzhyus'', ''Seredzhus'' and ''Seredius''.<ref name=jewishgen/>


The town had a large [[Jews|Jewish]] population prior to [[World War II]]. In 1900 (when part of the [[Russian Empire]]) the town's Jewish population numbered 1,174.<ref name=jewishgen/> The town's Jews were killed [[Operation Barbarossa|on September 4, 1941]]. On that day, 193 people were shot near the village of Skrebėnai: 6 men, 61 women and 126 children.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.holocaustatlas.lt/EN/#a_atlas/search//page//item/135/|title=Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania|first=Created atEase|last=www.atease.lt|website=www.holocaustatlas.lt}}</ref>
Seredžius was the birthplace of the American singer, comedian, and actor [[Al Jolson]], born into the town's Jewish community in 1886 as Asa Yoelson.<ref>David Spiller, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NbE0ujztAR8C&pg=PA9&dq=Srednik+Lithuania&hl=en&ei=RV5oTNybCMWqngfjwaHBBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Srednik%20Lithuania&f=false "Great Singers of the Twentieth Century"''], Lulu.com, 2008</ref>
{{clearleft}}

== Notable people ==
* Pranas Virakas (1871–1966), ethnographer, folklore collector.
* [[Jonas Virakas]] (1905 – 1988), architect.
* Stasys Santvaras (1902 – 1991), poet, playwright.
* [[Stasys Šimkus]] (1887 – 1943), composer.
* [[Jonas Čižauskas]], organist, choirmaster, singer, composer.
* [[Al Jolson]] (born Eizer "Asa" Yoelson), singer, comedian, and actor, dubbed "The World's Greatest Entertainer" at the peak of his career.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paminklo Alui Jolsonui atidaryme – įkvepiantys JAV ambasados atstovės žodžiai Seredžiui |url=https://www.mlaikas.lt/naujiena/kultura-ir-istorija/paminklo-alui-jolsonui-atidaryme-ikvepiantys-jav-ambasados-atstoves-zodziai-seredziui |website=mlaikas.lt |date=17 October 2016 |accessdate=19 April 2020 |language=lt}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=census>{{lt icon}} {{cite book | title=Tauragės apskrities kaimo gyvenamosios vietovės ir jų gyventojai |url=http://www.stat.gov.lt/uploads/docs/Taurages_apskritis.pdf |publisher=Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania |year=2003 |location=Vilnius |page=33 |isbn=9986-589-95-9}}</ref>
<ref name=kviklys>{{cite book |title=Mūsų Lietuva |volume=II |first=Bronius |last=Kviklys | year=1965 |publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla| location=Boston |oclc=3303503 |pages=333–336|language=lt}}</ref>
<ref name=kviklys>{{lt icon}} {{cite book |title=Mūsų Lietuva |volume=II |first=Bronius |last=Kviklys | year=1965 |publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla| location=Boston |oclc=3303503 |page=333–336}}</ref>
<ref name=palemonas>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Lietuvių enciklopedija | title=Palemonas |first=Zenonas |last=Ivinskis | location=Boston | publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla |year=1953–1966 |volume=21 |pages=400–401 | lccn=55020366 |language=lt}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=jewishgen>{{cite web|url=http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-2618970|title=Technical Problem Form|website=data.jewishgen.org}}</ref>
<ref name=palemonas>{{lt icon}} {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Lietuvių enciklopedija | title=Palemonas |first=Zenonas |last=Ivinskis | location=Boston, Massachusetts | publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla |year=1953–1966 |volume=21 |pages=400–401 |id={{LCC|55020366}} }}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=jewishgen>[http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-2618970 JewishGen Seredžius page]</ref>
}}
}}


==External links==
{{Commons category|Seredžius}}
{{Commons category-inline}}


{{Taurage County}}
{{Taurage County}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Seredzius}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Seredzius}}
[[Category:Towns in Lithuania]]
[[Category:Towns in Lithuania]]
[[Category:Towns in Tauragė County]]
[[Category:Towns in Tauragė County]]
[[Category:Kovensky Uyezd]]

[[Category:Holocaust locations in Lithuania]]
{{Lithuania-geo-stub}}

[[et:Seredžius]]
[[lt:Seredžius]]
[[pl:Średniki]]
[[bat-smg:Seredius]]

Latest revision as of 01:51, 8 February 2023

Seredžius
Town
Coat of arms of Seredžius
Coat of arms
Seredžius is located in Lithuania
Seredžius
Seredžius
Location of Seredžius
Coordinates: 55°5′N 23°25′E / 55.083°N 23.417°E / 55.083; 23.417
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionSamogitia
CountyTauragė County
MunicipalityJurbarkas district municipality
EldershipSeredžius eldership
Capital ofSeredžius eldership
Population
 (2011)
 • Total590
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Seredžius is a town in Lithuania on the right bank of the Nemunas River near its confluence with the Dubysa River. According to the 2011 census, it had a population of 590.[1]

Names[edit]

The Yiddish name for the city was סרעדניק (Srednik), corresponding to the Polish Średniki, German Schrödnick, and Russian Средники (Sredniki). In local Samogitian dialect the town is known as Seredius, in Lithuanian - Seredžius. Other recorded forms of the town's name include Srednike, Seredzhyus, Seredzhus and Seredius. The name Seredžius is believed to be derived from середа (sereda), a word meaning "Wednesday" in many Slavic languages. This is probably because of the markets held there on Wednesday.

History[edit]

View of Seredžius with Palemon Hill (hillfort) in the background

Southeast of the town, archaeologists discovered graves from the 3rd–4th centuries.[2] According to the Palemonids legend, noble refugees from the Roman Empire settled on the hill, now named after Palemon, and established the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[3] The town has a large hillfort where Lithuanian Pieštvė fortress stood during the Lithuanian Crusade. It was attacked by the Teutonic Knights numerous times in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.[2] After the Battle of Grunwald, the location lost its military purpose and became private property of the Sapieha family.

The Sapiehas built a residential palace, which did not survive. The town's first Catholic church was built around 1608–12.[2] The church was destroyed in 1829 after a landslide caused by extensive flooding. The residents built a wooden church, which was replaced by a Neo-Renaissance church dedicated to John the Baptist in 1913.

The town had a large Jewish population prior to World War II. In 1900 (when part of the Russian Empire) the town's Jewish population numbered 1,174.[4] The town's Jews were killed on September 4, 1941. On that day, 193 people were shot near the village of Skrebėnai: 6 men, 61 women and 126 children.[5]

Notable people[edit]

  • Pranas Virakas (1871–1966), ethnographer, folklore collector.
  • Jonas Virakas (1905 – 1988), architect.
  • Stasys Santvaras (1902 – 1991), poet, playwright.
  • Stasys Šimkus (1887 – 1943), composer.
  • Jonas Čižauskas, organist, choirmaster, singer, composer.
  • Al Jolson (born Eizer "Asa" Yoelson), singer, comedian, and actor, dubbed "The World's Greatest Entertainer" at the peak of his career.[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "2011 census". Statistikos Departamentas (Lithuania). Retrieved August 13, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Kviklys, Bronius (1965). Mūsų Lietuva (in Lithuanian). Vol. II. Boston: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. pp. 333–336. OCLC 3303503.
  3. ^ Ivinskis, Zenonas (1953–1966). "Palemonas". Lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 21. Boston: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. pp. 400–401. LCCN 55020366.
  4. ^ "Technical Problem Form". data.jewishgen.org.
  5. ^ www.atease.lt, Created atEase. "Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania". www.holocaustatlas.lt.
  6. ^ "Paminklo Alui Jolsonui atidaryme – įkvepiantys JAV ambasados atstovės žodžiai Seredžiui". mlaikas.lt (in Lithuanian). 17 October 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2020.

External links[edit]

Media related to Seredžius at Wikimedia Commons

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