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{{short description|Analog high definition video equipment}}
{{Short description|Analog high definition video equipment}}
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|Description = [[Sony camcorders|Sony camcorder]] with HDVS logo on it
|Description = [[Sony camcorders|Sony camcorder]] with HDVS logo on it
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'''Sony HDVS''' is a range of [[high-definition video]] equipment developed in the 1980s to support an early [[analog high-definition television system]] (used in [[multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding]] (MUSE) broadcasts)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mbsfr38GTgC&q=sony+hdvs+hi+vision&pg=PA321|title=High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology|first=Philip J.|last=Cianci|date=January 10, 2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786487974|via=Google Books}}</ref> thought to be the [[broadcast television systems]] that would be in use today. The line included [[professional video camera]]s, [[video monitors]] and [[linear video editing]] systems.
'''Sony HDVS''' is a range of [[high-definition video]] equipment developed in the 1980s to support an early [[analog high-definition television system]] (used in [[multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding]] (MUSE) broadcasts)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mbsfr38GTgC&dq=sony+hdvs+hi+vision&pg=PA47|title=High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology|first=Philip J.|last=Cianci|date=January 10, 2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786487974|via=Google Books}}</ref> thought to be the [[broadcast television systems]] that would be in use today. The line included [[professional video camera]]s, [[video monitors]] and [[linear video editing]] systems.


==History==
==History==
Sony first demonstrated a wideband [[analog video]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] capable video camera, monitor and [[video tape recorder]] (VTR) in April 1981 at an international meeting of television engineers in [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]].
Sony first demonstrated a wideband [[analog video]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]] capable video camera, monitor and [[video tape recorder]] (VTR) in April 1981 at an international meeting of television engineers in [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]].


The HDVS range was launched in April 1984, with the HDC-100 camera, which was the world's first commercially available HDTV camera and HDV-1000 video recorder, with its companion HDT-1000 processor/TBC, and HDS-1000 [[video switcher]] all working in the 1125-line<!-- (this is an analog measurement defined by the number of horizontal lines, laid out from top to bottom, 1125-line would be equivalent to a digital resolution of 1875x1035.) !!This equivalent is taken from calculating 1125 divided by 3, and then multiplied by 5, due to the 5:3 aspect ratio, and assuming square pixels - this isn't right, you can't assume that the pixels are square. Also, "1125" includes the blanking interval that does not include picture information.--> [[component video]] format with [[interlaced video]] and a 5:3 aspect ratio.
The HDVS range was launched in April 1984, with the HDC-100 camera, which was the world's first commercially available HDTV camera and HDV-1000 video recorder, with its companion HDT-1000 processor/TBC, and HDS-1000 [[video switcher]] all working in the 1125-line<!-- (this is an analog measurement defined by the number of horizontal lines, laid out from top to bottom, 1125-line would be equivalent to a digital resolution of 1875x1035.) !!This equivalent is taken from calculating 1125 divided by 3, and then multiplied by 5, due to the 5:3 aspect ratio, and assuming square pixels - this isn't right, you can't assume that the pixels are square. Also, "1125" includes the blanking interval that does not include picture information.--> [[component video]] format with [[interlaced video]] and a 5:3 aspect ratio. The first system consisting of a monitor, camera and VTR was sold by Sony in 1985 for $1.5 million, and the first HDTV production studio, Captain Video, was opened in Paris.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mbsfr38GTgC&q=David+niles&pg=PA47|title=High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology|first=Philip J.|last=Cianci|date=January 10, 2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786487974 |via=Google Books}}</ref>


The [[helical scan]] VTR (the HDV-100) used [[magnetic tape]] similar to 1" [[type C videotape]] for [[analog recording]]. Sony in 1988 unveiled a new HDVS digital line, including a reel-to-reel [[digital recording]] VTR (the HDD-1000) that used [[Digital signal (broadcasting)|digital signal]]s between the machines for dubbing but the primary I/O remained [[analog signal]]s. The large unit was housed in a 1-inch reel-to-reel transport, and because of the high tape speed needed, had a limit of 1-hour per reel. Sony, owner of Columbia Pictures/Tri-Star, would start to archive feature films on this format, requiring an average of two reels per movie. There was also a portable videocassette recorder (the HDV-10) for the HDVS system, using the "UniHi" format of [[Videocassette#Cassette formats|videocassette]] using 3/4" wide tape. The transport housing similar in appearance to Sony's D1/D2 Standard Definition Digital VTRs, but recorded analog HD. The small cassette size limited recording time to about 63 min.
The [[helical scan]] VTR (the HDV-100) used [[magnetic tape]] similar to 1" [[type C videotape]] for [[analog recording]]. Sony in 1988<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/83973|title=High definition television studio equipment|first=W.G.|last=Connolly|date=August 11, 1991|journal=IEEE Communications Magazine|volume=29|issue=8|pages=42–45|via=IEEE Xplore|doi=10.1109/35.83973|s2cid=34842296 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMQeAQAAMAAJ&q=hdd+1000+1988|title=SMPTE Journal: Publication of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers|first=Society of Motion Picture and Television|last=Engineers|date=June 11, 1989|publisher=The Society|via=Google Books}}</ref> unveiled a new HDVS digital line, including a reel-to-reel [[digital recording]] VTR (the HDD-1000) that used [[Digital signal (broadcasting)|digital signal]]s between the machines for dubbing but the primary I/O remained [[analog signal]]s. The Sony HDVS HDC-300 camera was also introduced. The large HDD-1000 unit was housed in a 1-inch reel-to-reel transport, and because of the high tape speed needed, had a limit of 1-hour per reel. By this time, the aspect ratio of the system had been changed to 16:9.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mbsfr38GTgC&dq=sony+hdvs+1988+aspect+ratio&pg=PA321 | title=High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology | isbn=9780786487974 | last1=Cianci | first1=Philip J. | date=10 January 2014 | publisher=McFarland }}</ref> Sony, owner of Columbia Pictures/Tri-Star, would start to archive feature films on this format, requiring an average of two reels per movie. There was also a portable videocassette recorder (the HDV-10) for the HDVS system, using the "UniHi" format of [[Videocassette#Cassette formats|videocassette]] using 1/2" wide tape.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOMOmmrvwCcC&dq=unihi+sony&pg=PA237|title=The History of Television, 1942 to 2000 - Albert Abramson - Google Books|isbn=9780786432431 |last1=Abramson |first1=Albert |date=29 September 2007 |publisher=McFarland }}</ref> The tape housing is similar in appearance to Sony's D1/D2 Standard Definition Digital VTRs, but recorded analog HD. The small cassette size limited recording time to about 63 min.


The price of the HDD-1000 and its required companion HDDP-1000 video processor in 1988 was US$600,000. The metal evaporate tape (tape whose magnetic material was evaporated and deposited onto the tape in a vacuum chamber using physical vapor deposition) cost US$2500.00 per hour of tape and each reel weighed nearly 10 pounds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tech-notes.tv/Standards-Practices/TVTapeformats.htm|title=VIDEOTAPE FORMATS|website=www.tech-notes.tv|access-date=2020-04-11|archive-date=2019-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917012400/http://www.tech-notes.tv/Standards-Practices/TVTapeformats.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The high price of the system limited its adoption severely, selling just several dozen systems and making its adoption largely limited to [[medical]], [[aerospace engineering]], and [[animation]] applications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UiQEAAAAMBAJ&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=PT47|title=Billboard|first=Nielsen Business Media|last=Inc|date=August 23, 1986|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|via=Google Books|access-date=October 3, 2020|archive-date=December 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220143307/https://books.google.com/books?id=UiQEAAAAMBAJ&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=PT47|url-status=live}}</ref>
The price of the HDD-1000 and its required companion HDDP-1000 video processor in 1988 was US$600,000. The metal evaporate tape (tape whose magnetic material was evaporated and deposited onto the tape in a vacuum chamber using physical vapor deposition) cost US$2500.00 per hour of tape and each reel weighed nearly 10 pounds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tech-notes.tv/Standards-Practices/TVTapeformats.htm|title=VIDEOTAPE FORMATS|website=www.tech-notes.tv|access-date=2020-04-11|archive-date=2019-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917012400/http://www.tech-notes.tv/Standards-Practices/TVTapeformats.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The high price of the system limited its adoption severely, selling just several dozen systems and making its adoption largely limited to [[medical]], [[aerospace engineering]], and [[animation]] applications. In 1986, HDVS systems cost $1.5 million, and 30-40 were sold until then. Sony HDVS systems made video with a total of 1125 (horizontal) lines, and 1035 active lines of resolution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UiQEAAAAMBAJ&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=PT47|title=Billboard|first=Nielsen Business Media|last=Inc|date=August 23, 1986|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|via=Google Books|access-date=October 3, 2020|archive-date=December 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220143307/https://books.google.com/books?id=UiQEAAAAMBAJ&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=PT47|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g46jBQAAQBAJ&dq=sony+hdvs+1035&pg=PA253|title=Communication Services via Satellite: A Handbook for Design, Installation and Service Engineers|first=Geoffrey E.|last=Lewis|date=May 12, 2014|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9781483183756 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NRIoEAAAQBAJ&dq=sony+hdvs+lines&pg=PA693|title=The Cinema in Flux: The Evolution of Motion Picture Technology from the Magic Lantern to the Digital Era|first=Lenny|last=Lipton|date=April 7, 2021|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=9781071609514 |via=Google Books}}</ref>


==Uses==
==Uses==
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The first [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] shot using the HDVS professional video camera was [[RAI]]'s ''[[Julia and Julia]]'' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: {{lang|it|Giulia e Giulia}}) in 1987, and the first HDTV television show was [[CBC Television|CBC]]'s ''[[Chasing Rainbows (TV series)|Chasing Rainbows]]'', shot using the HDVS system in 1988. For the [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]] [[Invisible Touch Tour]] shows at [[Wembley Stadium]] in July 1987, the Sony HDVS system was used to film these shows, which were later released on [[VHS]] and [[LaserDisc]] in 1988 and DVD in 2003.
The first [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] shot using the HDVS professional video camera was [[RAI]]'s ''[[Julia and Julia]]'' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: {{lang|it|Giulia e Giulia}}) in 1987, and the first HDTV television show was [[CBC Television|CBC]]'s ''[[Chasing Rainbows (TV series)|Chasing Rainbows]]'', shot using the HDVS system in 1988. For the [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]] [[Invisible Touch Tour]] shows at [[Wembley Stadium]] in July 1987, the Sony HDVS system was used to film these shows, which were later released on [[VHS]] and [[LaserDisc]] in 1988 and DVD in 2003.


[[Montreux Jazz Festival]] in 1991 was filmed using Sony HDVS video system. Four HDC-300 3 cameras in 1125-line format (1080i today), 60 fps, and one Sony HDC-500 3 CCD prototype HDVS camera. 5 cameras were connected to 7-input HDS-1000T [[Vision mixer|switcher]] and live mix was recorded to an HDD-1000 Digital 1" VTR.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 1991 |title=Montreux festival in technology showcase |url=https://www.sonosax.ch/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/199110_dashworld.pdf |website=Sonosax – Audio Equipment Manufacturer}}</ref>
[[Montreux Jazz Festival]] in 1991 was recorded using the Sony HDVS video system. Four HDC-300 cameras in 1125-line format (1035i visible, close to 1080i today), 60 fps, and one Sony HDC-500 3 CCD prototype HDVS camera were used. The five cameras were connected to a 7-input HDS-1000T [[Vision mixer|switcher]] and the live mix was recorded to an HDD-1000 Digital 1" VTR.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 1991 |title=Montreux festival in technology showcase |url=https://www.sonosax.ch/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/199110_dashworld.pdf |website=Sonosax – Audio Equipment Manufacturer}}</ref>


''[[World War II: When Lions Roared]]'' (also known as ''Then There Were Giants'') is a 1994 [[TV movie]], directed by [[Joseph Sargent]], that stars [[John Lithgow]], [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]] as the three major Allied leaders. It was the first [[video production]] to be produced in the 1125-line high-definition television (HDTV) format.<ref>{{cite web | title=World War II: When Lions Roared | date=18 July 2011 | publisher=imdb | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108956/trivia | access-date=18 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211181705/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108956/trivia | archive-date=11 February 2005 | url-status=live }}</ref> It was converted to [[NTSC]] for broadcast in the United States.
''[[World War II: When Lions Roared]]'' (also known as ''Then There Were Giants'') is a 1994 [[TV movie]], directed by [[Joseph Sargent]], that stars [[John Lithgow]], [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]] as the three major Allied leaders. It was the first [[video production]] to be produced in the 1125-line high-definition television (HDTV) format.<ref>{{cite web | title=World War II: When Lions Roared | date=18 July 2011 | publisher=imdb | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108956/trivia | access-date=18 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211181705/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108956/trivia | archive-date=11 February 2005 | url-status=live }}</ref> It was converted to [[NTSC]] for broadcast in the United States.


The HDVS brand and logo was still used by Sony in 2014 as "Digital HDVS" on their digital high-definition [[HDCAM]]-format cameras such as the HDW-750, HDW-F900, HDC-1550, "Power HAD" camera Sony HSC-300 Series,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Sony HSC Series HD/SD System Camera HSC-300RF, HSC-100RF Optical Fiber Camera HSC-300R, HSC-100R Digital Triax Camera |url=https://pro.sony/s3/cms-static-content/uploadfile/11/1237493003711.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[XDCAM]] camera PDW-850,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PDW-850 XDCAM Camcorder 3x 2/3" Power HAD FX CCD Sensors - Sony Pro |url=https://pro.sony/en_FI/products/shoulder-camcorders/pdw-850 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=pro.sony |language=en}}</ref> PXW-X500.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Sony PXW-X500 XDCAM XAVC Memory Camcorder |url=https://pro.sony/s3/cms-static-content/uploadfile/44/1237493102544.pdf}}</ref> By 2022, HDVS branded cameras have been discontinued and new camera models released don't have the HDVS logo.
The HDVS brand and logo was still used by Sony since 1997 as "Digital HDVS" on their digital high-definition [[HDCAM]]-format cameras such as the HDW-750, HDW-F900, HDC-1550, "Power HAD" camera Sony HSC-300 Series,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Sony HSC Series HD/SD System Camera HSC-300RF, HSC-100RF Optical Fiber Camera HSC-300R, HSC-100R Digital Triax Camera |url=https://pro.sony/s3/cms-static-content/uploadfile/11/1237493003711.pdf }}</ref> and [[XDCAM]] camera PDW-850,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PDW-850 XDCAM Camcorder 3x 2/3" Power HAD FX CCD Sensors - Sony Pro |url=https://pro.sony/en_FI/products/shoulder-camcorders/pdw-850 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=pro.sony |language=en}}</ref> PXW-X500.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Sony PXW-X500 XDCAM XAVC Memory Camcorder |url=https://pro.sony/s3/cms-static-content/uploadfile/44/1237493102544.pdf}}</ref> By 2022, HDVS branded cameras have been discontinued and new camera models released don't have the HDVS logo.


==Equipment==
==Equipment==
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<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/sony-hdvs-brochure/page/n7/mode/2up | title=Sony HDVS Brochure }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/sony-hdvs-catalog-1991/mode/2up | title=Sony HDVS Catalog 1991 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/sony-hdvs-brochure/page/n7/mode/2up | title=Sony HDVS High Definition Video System. Sony Corporation.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/sony-hdvs-catalog-1991/mode/2up | title=Sony HDVS High Definition Video System General Catalogue 1991. Sony Corporation.}}</ref>
===Camera system===
===Camera system===
* HDC-100 High Definition Color Camera (3 tube Saticon)
* HDC-100 High Definition Color Camera (3 tube Saticon)
* HDC-300 High Definition Color Camera (3 tube [[Video camera tube#Saticon|Saticon]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mbsfr38GTgC&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=PA321|title=High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology|first=Philip J.|last=Cianci|date=January 10, 2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786487974|via=Google Books}}</ref> (Sony HDVS cameras weigh {{convert|10|kg}} on average.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfRUAAAAMAAJ&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=RA2-PA62|title=ONR Far East Scientific Bulletin|date=April 11, 1987|publisher=Office of Naval Research, Liaison Office, Far East|via=Google Books|access-date=October 3, 2020|archive-date=December 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220143309/https://books.google.com/books?id=RfRUAAAAMAAJ&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=RA2-PA62|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R_jhqfAGoMwC&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=RA2-PA62|title=Scientific Bulletin|date=April 11, 1987|publisher=The Office|via=Google Books|access-date=October 3, 2020|archive-date=December 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220143317/https://books.google.com/books?id=R_jhqfAGoMwC&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=RA2-PA62|url-status=live}}</ref>
* HDC-300 High Definition Color Camera (3 tube [[Video camera tube#Saticon (1973)|Saticon]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mbsfr38GTgC&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=PA321|title=High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology|first=Philip J.|last=Cianci|date=January 10, 2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786487974|via=Google Books}}</ref> (Sony HDVS cameras weigh {{convert|10|kg}} on average.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfRUAAAAMAAJ&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=RA2-PA62|title=ONR Far East Scientific Bulletin|date=April 11, 1987|publisher=Office of Naval Research, Liaison Office, Far East|via=Google Books|access-date=October 3, 2020|archive-date=December 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220143309/https://books.google.com/books?id=RfRUAAAAMAAJ&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=RA2-PA62|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R_jhqfAGoMwC&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=RA2-PA62|title=Scientific Bulletin|date=April 11, 1987|publisher=The Office|via=Google Books|access-date=October 3, 2020|archive-date=December 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220143317/https://books.google.com/books?id=R_jhqfAGoMwC&q=sony+hdvs+saticon&pg=RA2-PA62|url-status=live}}</ref>
* HDC-500 High Definition Color Camera (3 CCD, world's first CCD-based HD video camera)
* HDC-500 High Definition Color Camera (3 CCD, world's first CCD-based HD video camera)
* HDCA-350 Camera Adapter
* HDCA-350 Camera Adapter
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===VTR system===
===VTR system===
* HDD-1000 Digital 1" Type C VTR (Wide band (30&nbsp;MHz) Y, PB, PR) with BVH-3000 like operation and appearance. It used two sets of separate flying erase, record and video heads<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.picclickimg.com/00/s/MTIwMFgxNjAw/z/ALoAAOSwf9teNHoU/$/Extrem-rar-Sony-HDD-1000-HDVS-System-mit-_57.jpg |title=Archived copy |website=www.picclickimg.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923071020/https://www.picclickimg.com/00/s/MTIwMFgxNjAw/z/ALoAAOSwf9teNHoU/$/Extrem-rar-Sony-HDD-1000-HDVS-System-mit-_57.jpg |archive-date=23 September 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> with a higher linear tape speed than Type C videotape, of 80.5 cm/sec and a writing speed at the heads of 51.5m/sec, 30 Mhz luma and 15 Mhz chroma bandwidth and a 63-min recording time with 11.75 inch reels
* HDD-1000 Digital 1" Type C VTR (Wide band (30&nbsp;MHz) Y, PB, PR) with BVH-3000 like operation and appearance. It used two sets of separate flying erase, record and video heads<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.picclickimg.com/00/s/MTIwMFgxNjAw/z/ALoAAOSwf9teNHoU/$/Extrem-rar-Sony-HDD-1000-HDVS-System-mit-_57.jpg |title=Archived copy |website=www.picclickimg.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923071020/https://www.picclickimg.com/00/s/MTIwMFgxNjAw/z/ALoAAOSwf9teNHoU/$/Extrem-rar-Sony-HDD-1000-HDVS-System-mit-_57.jpg |archive-date=23 September 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> with a higher linear tape speed than Type C videotape, of 80.5 cm/sec and a writing speed at the heads of 51.5m/sec, 30&nbsp;MHz luma and 15&nbsp;MHz chroma bandwidth, uses HD-1D series tape
* HDDP-1000 VTR Signal Processor (8-bit digital, required by the HDD-1000 for operation)
* HDDP-1000 VTR Signal Processor (8-bit digital, required by the HDD-1000 for operation)
* HDV-1000 Analog VTR (based on Sony's BVH-2000 1" Type C standard-definition VTR, unlike most Type C VTRs it used separate video and video record heads.)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/design/gallery/HDV-1000/ |title=HDV-1000 (HD Video Tape Recorder) / Gallery / Sony Design / Sony |access-date=2020-09-23 |archive-date=2020-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923053503/https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/design/gallery/HDV-1000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It had a linear tape speed of 48.31 cm/sec and a writing speed at the heads, of 25.9m/sec, 20 Mhz luma and 10 Mhz chroma bandwidth and a 63-min recording time with 11.75 inch reels.
* HDV-1000 Analog VTR (based on Sony's BVH-2000 1" Type C standard-definition VTR, unlike most Type C VTRs it used separate video and video record heads.)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/design/gallery/HDV-1000/ |title=HDV-1000 (HD Video Tape Recorder) / Gallery / Sony Design / Sony |access-date=2020-09-23 |archive-date=2020-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923053503/https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/design/gallery/HDV-1000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It had a linear tape speed of 48.31 cm/sec and a writing speed at the heads, of 25.9m/sec, 20&nbsp;MHz luma and 10&nbsp;MHz chroma bandwidth and a 63-min recording time with 11.75 inch tape reels, could use the same conventional tape as the BVH-2000 type C VTR.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manualslib.com/manual/1741663/Sony-Bvh-2000.html|title=Specifications; High Picture And Sound Qualities; High Reliability; Alarm Functions - Sony BVH-2000 Operation And Maintenance Manual [Page 12]|website=ManualsLib}}</ref>
* HDT-1000 TBC/Signal Processor (required by the HDV-1000 for operation)
* HDT-1000 TBC/Signal Processor (required by the HDV-1000 for operation)
* HDDF-500 Digital Frame Recorder (G, B, R)
* HDDF-500 Digital Frame Recorder (G, B, R)
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* HDDR-A1000 Audio Remote Control Unit
* HDDR-A1000 Audio Remote Control Unit
* HDDR-V1000 Video Remote Control Unit
* HDDR-V1000 Video Remote Control Unit
* HDL-2000 Videodisc Player<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mmt.de/rental/imgrent/sony_hdl2000.html |title=Professional Video and Audio Equipment - Verkauf/Sales, Auktion/Auction, Vermietung/Rental - Neu und gebraucht! New and used! - www.mmt.de |access-date=2020-12-20 |archive-date=2012-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102142405/http://www.mmt.de/rental/imgrent/sony_hdl2000.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* HDL-2000 Videodisc Player,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mmt.de/rental/imgrent/sony_hdl2000.html |title=Professional Video and Audio Equipment - Verkauf/Sales, Auktion/Auction, Vermietung/Rental - Neu und gebraucht! New and used! - www.mmt.de |access-date=2020-12-20 |archive-date=2012-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102142405/http://www.mmt.de/rental/imgrent/sony_hdl2000.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 20&nbsp;MHz luma and 6&nbsp;MHz chroma bandwidth
* HDL-5800 Video Disc Recorder<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mmt.de/rental/imgrent/sony_hdl5800.html |title=Professional Video and Audio Equipment - Verkauf/Sales, Auktion/Auction, Vermietung/Rental - Neu und gebraucht! New and used! - www.mmt.de |access-date=2020-12-20 |archive-date=2012-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102142408/http://www.mmt.de/rental/imgrent/sony_hdl5800.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* HDL-5800 Video Disc Recorder, same bandwidths as the HDL-2000, 3 min record time per side of disc in CAV mode, 10 mins per side in CLV mode, and for read only (pre recorded/pressed/replicated) discs, 8 min playback time per side in CAV mode, and 15 mins per side in CLV mode<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mmt.de/rental/imgrent/sony_hdl5800.html |title=Professional Video and Audio Equipment - Verkauf/Sales, Auktion/Auction, Vermietung/Rental - Neu und gebraucht! New and used! - www.mmt.de |access-date=2020-12-20 |archive-date=2012-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102142408/http://www.mmt.de/rental/imgrent/sony_hdl5800.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* HDN-22000 NTSC Down-Converter
* HDN-22000 NTSC Down-Converter
* HDV-10 Videocassette Recorder (UNIHI), with a tape speed of 119.7mm/sec and a writing speed at the heads of 21.4m/sec and a max. recording time of 63 minutes.
* HDV-10 Videocassette Recorder (UNIHI), with a tape speed of 119.7mm/sec and a writing speed at the heads of 21.4m/sec with HCT-63 cassette, 20&nbsp;MHz bandwidth for Y component video signal/luma, 7&nbsp;MHz bandwidth for Y<sub>B</sub> and Y<sub>R</sub> component video signals/chroma
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===Optional accessories===
===Optional accessories===
* HCT-63 UNIHI videocassette, with 465m of 1/2 inch magnetic tape and a recording time of 63 minutes.
* HCT-63 UNIHI videocassette, with 465m of 1/2 inch magnetic tape and a recording time of 63 minutes with HDV-10 recorder
* HD-1D Series High Quality Video Tape (1-inch)
* HD-1D Series High Quality Video Tape (1-inch) for use with the HDD- 1000, similar to type C videotape, has a 63 minute record time with 11.75 inch reels holding 3,080 meters of tape
* HDIE-100 HD camera image enhancer
* HDIE-100 HD camera image enhancer
* HDIP-100 HD camera image enhancer power unit
* HDIP-100 HD camera image enhancer power unit
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{{Col-break}}
'''Optical Fiber Transmission System'''
'''Optical Fiber Transmission System'''
(G/B/R analog component video, Analog audio x2; AES/EBU x6)
(G/B/R analog component video (signals for Green, Blue and Red portions of images with Green for sync,
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvtechnology.com/miscellaneous/component-video-basics|title=Component video basics|author1=MICHAEL ROBIN|date=February 1, 2004|website=TVTechnology}}</Ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjsrBgAAQBAJ&dq=gbr+rgb+component+video&pg=PA53|title=Introduction to Digital Video|first=John|last=Watkinson|date=September 10, 2012|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781136027628 |via=Google Books}}</ref> a kind of RGB (component) video<ref>[https://www.telestream.net/pdfs/technical/Guide-to-Standard-HD-Digital-Video-Measurements-25W147006.pdf Guide to Standard HD Digital Video Measurements] telestream.net</ref> Analog audio x2; AES/EBU x6)
* HDFR-300 Optical Fiber Receiver
* HDFR-300 Optical Fiber Receiver
* HDFT-300 Optical Fiber Transmitter
* HDFT-300 Optical Fiber Transmitter
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{{Homevid}}
{{Homevid}}


[[Category:Film and video technology]]
[[Category:Television technology]]
[[Category:High-definition television]]
[[Category:High-definition television]]
[[Category:History of television]]
[[Category:Japanese inventions]]
[[Category:Japanese inventions]]
[[Category:Audiovisual introductions in 1984]]
[[Category:Audiovisual introductions in 1984]]

Revision as of 09:57, 25 April 2024

Sony camcorder with HDVS logo on it
Sony camcorder with HDVS logo on it

Sony HDVS is a range of high-definition video equipment developed in the 1980s to support an early analog high-definition television system (used in multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding (MUSE) broadcasts)[1] thought to be the broadcast television systems that would be in use today. The line included professional video cameras, video monitors and linear video editing systems.

History

Sony first demonstrated a wideband analog video HDTV capable video camera, monitor and video tape recorder (VTR) in April 1981 at an international meeting of television engineers in Algiers, Algeria.

The HDVS range was launched in April 1984, with the HDC-100 camera, which was the world's first commercially available HDTV camera and HDV-1000 video recorder, with its companion HDT-1000 processor/TBC, and HDS-1000 video switcher all working in the 1125-line component video format with interlaced video and a 5:3 aspect ratio. The first system consisting of a monitor, camera and VTR was sold by Sony in 1985 for $1.5 million, and the first HDTV production studio, Captain Video, was opened in Paris.[2]

The helical scan VTR (the HDV-100) used magnetic tape similar to 1" type C videotape for analog recording. Sony in 1988[3][4] unveiled a new HDVS digital line, including a reel-to-reel digital recording VTR (the HDD-1000) that used digital signals between the machines for dubbing but the primary I/O remained analog signals. The Sony HDVS HDC-300 camera was also introduced. The large HDD-1000 unit was housed in a 1-inch reel-to-reel transport, and because of the high tape speed needed, had a limit of 1-hour per reel. By this time, the aspect ratio of the system had been changed to 16:9.[5] Sony, owner of Columbia Pictures/Tri-Star, would start to archive feature films on this format, requiring an average of two reels per movie. There was also a portable videocassette recorder (the HDV-10) for the HDVS system, using the "UniHi" format of videocassette using 1/2" wide tape.[6] The tape housing is similar in appearance to Sony's D1/D2 Standard Definition Digital VTRs, but recorded analog HD. The small cassette size limited recording time to about 63 min.

The price of the HDD-1000 and its required companion HDDP-1000 video processor in 1988 was US$600,000. The metal evaporate tape (tape whose magnetic material was evaporated and deposited onto the tape in a vacuum chamber using physical vapor deposition) cost US$2500.00 per hour of tape and each reel weighed nearly 10 pounds.[7] The high price of the system limited its adoption severely, selling just several dozen systems and making its adoption largely limited to medical, aerospace engineering, and animation applications. In 1986, HDVS systems cost $1.5 million, and 30-40 were sold until then. Sony HDVS systems made video with a total of 1125 (horizontal) lines, and 1035 active lines of resolution.[8][9][10]

Uses

The Sony HDVS system was used in the production of a 5-min feature film about Halley's Comet in 1986, titled "Arrival", and shown in US theatres later that year after being transferred to 35mm film.[11][12]

The first drama film shot using the HDVS professional video camera was RAI's Julia and Julia (Italian: Giulia e Giulia) in 1987, and the first HDTV television show was CBC's Chasing Rainbows, shot using the HDVS system in 1988. For the Genesis Invisible Touch Tour shows at Wembley Stadium in July 1987, the Sony HDVS system was used to film these shows, which were later released on VHS and LaserDisc in 1988 and DVD in 2003.

Montreux Jazz Festival in 1991 was recorded using the Sony HDVS video system. Four HDC-300 cameras in 1125-line format (1035i visible, close to 1080i today), 60 fps, and one Sony HDC-500 3 CCD prototype HDVS camera were used. The five cameras were connected to a 7-input HDS-1000T switcher and the live mix was recorded to an HDD-1000 Digital 1" VTR.[13]

World War II: When Lions Roared (also known as Then There Were Giants) is a 1994 TV movie, directed by Joseph Sargent, that stars John Lithgow, Michael Caine and Bob Hoskins as the three major Allied leaders. It was the first video production to be produced in the 1125-line high-definition television (HDTV) format.[14] It was converted to NTSC for broadcast in the United States.

The HDVS brand and logo was still used by Sony since 1997 as "Digital HDVS" on their digital high-definition HDCAM-format cameras such as the HDW-750, HDW-F900, HDC-1550, "Power HAD" camera Sony HSC-300 Series,[15] and XDCAM camera PDW-850,[16] PXW-X500.[17] By 2022, HDVS branded cameras have been discontinued and new camera models released don't have the HDVS logo.

Equipment

References

  1. ^ Cianci, Philip J. (10 January 2014). High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology. McFarland. ISBN 9780786487974 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Cianci, Philip J. (10 January 2014). High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology. McFarland. ISBN 9780786487974 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Connolly, W.G. (11 August 1991). "High definition television studio equipment". IEEE Communications Magazine. 29 (8): 42–45. doi:10.1109/35.83973. S2CID 34842296 – via IEEE Xplore.
  4. ^ Engineers, Society of Motion Picture and Television (11 June 1989). "SMPTE Journal: Publication of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers". The Society – via Google Books.
  5. ^ Cianci, Philip J. (10 January 2014). High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology. McFarland. ISBN 9780786487974.
  6. ^ Abramson, Albert (29 September 2007). The History of Television, 1942 to 2000 - Albert Abramson - Google Books. McFarland. ISBN 9780786432431.
  7. ^ "VIDEOTAPE FORMATS". www.tech-notes.tv. Archived from the original on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  8. ^ Inc, Nielsen Business Media (23 August 1986). "Billboard". Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020 – via Google Books. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  9. ^ Lewis, Geoffrey E. (12 May 2014). Communication Services via Satellite: A Handbook for Design, Installation and Service Engineers. Elsevier. ISBN 9781483183756 – via Google Books.
  10. ^ Lipton, Lenny (7 April 2021). The Cinema in Flux: The Evolution of Motion Picture Technology from the Magic Lantern to the Digital Era. Springer Nature. ISBN 9781071609514 – via Google Books.
  11. ^ Sutherland, Sam (5 October 1985). "Debut Set for High-Definition System". Billboard. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  12. ^ Lovece, Frank (11 January 1986). "Fast Forward". Billboard. p. 44. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  13. ^ "Montreux festival in technology showcase" (PDF). Sonosax – Audio Equipment Manufacturer. October 1991.
  14. ^ "World War II: When Lions Roared". imdb. 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 11 February 2005. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  15. ^ "Sony HSC Series HD/SD System Camera HSC-300RF, HSC-100RF Optical Fiber Camera HSC-300R, HSC-100R Digital Triax Camera" (PDF). 2013.
  16. ^ "PDW-850 XDCAM Camcorder 3x 2/3" Power HAD FX CCD Sensors - Sony Pro". pro.sony. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  17. ^ "Sony PXW-X500 XDCAM XAVC Memory Camcorder" (PDF). 2014.
  18. ^ "Sony HDVS High Definition Video System. Sony Corporation".
  19. ^ "Sony HDVS High Definition Video System General Catalogue 1991. Sony Corporation".
  20. ^ Cianci, Philip J. (10 January 2014). High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology. McFarland. ISBN 9780786487974 – via Google Books.
  21. ^ "ONR Far East Scientific Bulletin". Office of Naval Research, Liaison Office, Far East. 11 April 1987. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020 – via Google Books.
  22. ^ "Scientific Bulletin". The Office. 11 April 1987. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020 – via Google Books.
  23. ^ "Archived copy". www.picclickimg.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. ^ "HDV-1000 (HD Video Tape Recorder) / Gallery / Sony Design / Sony". Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  25. ^ "Specifications; High Picture And Sound Qualities; High Reliability; Alarm Functions - Sony BVH-2000 Operation And Maintenance Manual [Page 12]". ManualsLib.
  26. ^ "Professional Video and Audio Equipment - Verkauf/Sales, Auktion/Auction, Vermietung/Rental - Neu und gebraucht! New and used! - www.mmt.de". Archived from the original on 2 January 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  27. ^ "Professional Video and Audio Equipment - Verkauf/Sales, Auktion/Auction, Vermietung/Rental - Neu und gebraucht! New and used! - www.mmt.de". Archived from the original on 2 January 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  28. ^ MICHAEL ROBIN (1 February 2004). "Component video basics". TVTechnology.
  29. ^ Watkinson, John (10 September 2012). Introduction to Digital Video. CRC Press. ISBN 9781136027628 – via Google Books.
  30. ^ Guide to Standard HD Digital Video Measurements telestream.net
  31. ^ a b "Professional Video and Audio Equipment - Verkauf/Sales, Auktion/Auction, Vermietung/Rental - Neu und gebraucht! New and used! - www.mmt.de". Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  32. ^ "Professional Video and Audio Equipment - Verkauf/Sales, Auktion/Auction, Vermietung/Rental - Neu und gebraucht! New and used! - www.mmt.de". Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sony_HDVS&oldid=1220692683"