Marksman-class flotilla leader and List of English words of German origin: Difference between pages

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There are a number of German terms for which there are no useful English equivalents. Because of their usefulness, these terms – called loan words – have entered the English lexicon.

This list (with nearest synonyms) includes:

Ablaut (the alternation of sounds within a word that indicates grammatical information)
Achtung (attention)
Aha-Erlebnis/Aha-Effekt (autodidactic discovery)
Angst (a feeling of anxiety, apprehension, or insecurity)
Ansatz (one of the most used German loan words in the English-speaking world of science)
Bildungsroman (a novel regarding personal character growth)
Blitz ("lightning", came to be known as a metaphor for "extremely fast"/a explicably fast maneuver or movement.)
Blitzkrieg (lightning war)
Bratwurst (sausage)
Doppelgänger (a ghostly counterpart of a living person)
Ersatz (being a usually artificial and inferior substitute or imitation)
Festschrift (a volume of writings by different authors presented as a tribute or memorial especially to a scholar)
Fraktur (a typeface style resembling blackletter)
Gastarbeiter (guest worker)
Gedankenexperiment (a thought experiment)
Gegenschein (a light phenomenon in a dark night sky)
Gemütlich (comfortable), Gemütlichkeit (cordiality, friendliness)
Gesamtkunstwerk (comprehensive work)
Gestalt (epiphany, a structure, configuration, or pattern of physical, biological, or psychological phenomena so integrated as to constitute a functional unit with properties not derivable by summation of its parts)
Glockenspiel
Götterdämmerung (literally - twilight of the gods; a collapse (as of a society or regime) marked by catastrophic violence and disorder)
Hinterland (countryside far away from urban areas)
Kindergarten (nursery, lit. Garden of children or Garden for children)
Lebensraum (space required for life, growth, or activity, compare to Elbow room, Living-room')
Leitmotiv (a dominant recurring theme)
Meister ((master/teacher, Ex. Mr.; compare to Maestro) -- See also the words from Todesfuge: "Der Tod ist ein Meister aus Deutschland" by Paul Celan)
Mittelschmerz (middle pain, used to refer to ovulation pain)
Ostalgie (nostalgia for the former Eastern Bloc; Ost means East in german)
Pretzel Pastry of German origin, the name cames from the German word "Bretzel".
Poltergeist (a noisy usually mischievous ghost held to be responsible for unexplained noises)
Putsch (revolution; a secretly plotted and suddenly executed attempt to overthrow a government)
Realpolitik (politics based on practical and material factors rather than on theoretical or ethical objectives)
Rucksack (backpack)
Sauerkraut (sour cabbage)
Schadenfreude (enjoyment obtained from the troubles of others)
Sturm und Drang (lit. "storm and stress"; turmoil)
Über (ultra, "very"), Übermensch (superman/superhuman)
Überfremdung claim that some aspect of a culture has been too heavily penetrated by foreign influence
Umlaut (the diacritic over the vowels "ä", "ö" and "ü", or more generally the phenomenon of vowel shifts such as the one in German that is represented by this diacritic)
Urheimat (original homeland of the speakers of a proto-language)
Ursprache (proto-language)
Waldsterben (forest dieback)
Wanderlust (strong longing for or impulse toward wandering)
Weltanschauung (a comprehensive conception or apprehension of the world especially from a specific standpoint)
Weltschmerz (lit. "world-pain"; mental depression or apathy caused by comparison of the actual state of the world with an ideal state)
Wirtschaftswunder (designates the upturn experienced in the West German and Austrian economies after the Second World War)
Wunderkind (a child prodigy)
Zeitgeist ("spirit of the times"; actually a German calque originating from a Shakespeare translation)

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+There are a number of '''German terms for which there are no useful English equivalents'''. Because of their usefulness, these terms – called [[loan words]] – have entered the English lexicon.
-{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
-{{Infobox Ship Image
-|Ship image= [[Image:No Photo Available.svg|300px|AlternateTextHere]]
-|Ship caption=
-}}
-{{Infobox Ship Class Overview
-|Name=''Marksman''-class
-|Builders=
-|Operators={{navy|UK}}
-|Class before=
-|Class after=
-|Subclasses=
-|Cost=
-|Built range=1914&mdash;1916
-|In service range=
-|In commission range=1915&mdash;1936
-|Total ships building=
-|Total ships planned=
-|Total ships completed=7
-|Total ships cancelled=
-|Total ships active=
-|Total ships laid up=
-|Total ships lost=
-|Total ships retired=
-|Total ships preserved=
-}}
-{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
-|Hide header=
-|Header caption=
-|Ship class=
-|Ship type=[[Flotilla leader|Destroyer leader]]
-|Ship tonnage=
-|Ship displacement={{convert|1600|LT|t|lk=on}}
-|Ship tons burthen=
-|Ship length={{convert|321|ft|m|abbr=on}}
-|Ship beam={{convert|31|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}
-|Ship height=
-|Ship draught={{convert|11|ft|m|abbr=on}}
-|Ship depth=
-|Ship propulsion=[[Yarrow Shipbuilders|Yarrow]] type [[water-tube boiler|boilers]] (White-Forster in ''Lightfoot'')<br>[[Parsons Marine Steam Turbines|Parsons]] [[steam turbines]] (Brown-Curtis in ''Marksman'', ''Nimrod'')<br>3 shafts<br>36,000 shp
-|Ship sail plan=
-|Ship speed={{convert|24|kn|mph km/h|lk=on}}
-|Ship range=510 tons oil, ?
-|Ship endurance=
-|Ship boats=
-|Ship troops=
-|Ship complement=106&mdash;116
-|Ship sensors=
-|Ship EW=
-|Ship armament=• 4 × [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF {{convert|4|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=4}} Mark IV guns]], single mounting P Mk. XI<br>
-• 2 × single [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2 pdr "pom-pom" Mk. II]], single mounting HA Mk. II<br>
-• 2 × twin {{convert|21|in|mm|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s
-|Ship armour=
-|Ship notes=
-}}
-|}
-The '''''Marksman'' class''' (sometimes known as ''Lightfoot'' class<ref>[http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/lightfoot_class_flotilla_leaders.htm Lightfoot Class Flotilla Leaders<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) were a [[class (ship)|class]] of [[flotilla leader]]s built for the [[Royal Navy]]. Two each were ordered in the naval programmes of 1913-14 and 1914-15 with a further three being ordered under the [[Emergency War Programme]] and all saw service during [[World War I]].
+This list (with nearest synonyms) includes:
-Like other British flotilla leader designs, these ships were significantly larger than the typical [[destroyer]]s of the day, in order to accommodate the flotilla staff ("Captain (D)" in Royal Navy parlance) and the necessary additional signalling gear. All ships had four funnels, the foremost being taller (although it was later cut down post-war in ''Nimrod'' and ''Abdiel''). They were armed with four [[British ordnance terms#QF|QF]] 4 inch guns which were, significantly, under director control from the bridge (previous ships used independent local control for their guns). The guns were carried one each on the forecastle, between the first three funnels and on a bandstand on the [[quarterdeck]]. ''Abdiel'' and ''Gabriel'' were later fitted as fast [[minelayer]]s, for which purposes they landed the after 4 inch gun and their torpedo tubes and were screened from the fourth funnel to the stern to give shelter to 60 to 70 mines. ''Nimrod'' and ''Kempenfelt'' later received [[QF 12 pounder 18 cwt gun|QF 12 pdr (3 inch / 76 mm) 18 cwt]] {{Fact|date=May 2008}} [[anti aircraft]] guns in place of one of the [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|QF 2 pdr]].
+*[[Ablaut]] (the alternation of sounds within a word that indicates grammatical information)
+*[[Achtung]] (attention)
+*[[Aha-Erlebnis]]/[[Aha-Effekt]] (autodidactic discovery)
+*[[Angst]] (a feeling of anxiety, apprehension, or insecurity)
+*[[Ansatz]] (one of the most used German loan words in the English-speaking world of science)
+*[[Bildungsroman]] (a novel regarding personal character growth)
+*[[Blitz]] ("lightning", came to be known as a metaphor for "extremely fast"/a explicably fast maneuver or movement.)
+*[[Blitzkrieg]] (lightning war)
+*[[Bratwurst]] (sausage)
+*[[Doppelgänger]] (a ghostly counterpart of a living person)
+*[[Ersatz]] (being a usually artificial and inferior substitute or imitation)
+*[[Festschrift]] (a volume of writings by different authors presented as a tribute or memorial especially to a scholar)
+*[[Fraktur]] (a typeface style resembling blackletter)
+*[[Gastarbeiter]] (guest worker)
+*[[Thought experiment|Gedankenexperiment]] (a thought experiment)
+*[[Gegenschein]] (a light phenomenon in a dark night sky)
+*[[Gemütlich]] (comfortable), [[Gemütlichkeit]] (cordiality, friendliness)
+*[[Gesamtkunstwerk]] (comprehensive work)
+*[[Gestalt]] (epiphany, a structure, configuration, or pattern of physical, biological, or psychological phenomena so integrated as to constitute a functional unit with properties not derivable by summation of its parts)
+*[[Glockenspiel]]
+*[[Götterdämmerung]] (literally - twilight of the gods; a collapse (as of a society or regime) marked by catastrophic violence and disorder)
+*[[Hinterland]] (countryside far away from urban areas)
+*[[Kindergarten]] (nursery, lit. ''Garden of children'' or ''Garden for children'')
+*[[Lebensraum]] (space required for life, growth, or activity, compare to ''Elbow room'', ''Living-room')
+*[[Leitmotiv]] (a dominant recurring theme)
+*[[Meister]] ((master/teacher, Ex. ''Mr.''; compare to ''[[Maestro]]'') -- See also the words from [[Todesfuge]]: "Der Tod ist ein Meister aus Deutschland" by [[Paul Celan]])
+*[[Mittelschmerz]] (middle pain, used to refer to ovulation pain)
+*[[Ostalgie]] (nostalgia for the former [[Eastern Bloc]]; Ost means East in german)
+*[[Pretzel]] Pastry of German origin, the name cames from the German word "Bretzel".
+*[[Poltergeist]] (a noisy usually mischievous ghost held to be responsible for unexplained noises)
+*[[Putsch]] (revolution; a secretly plotted and suddenly executed attempt to overthrow a government)
+*[[Realpolitik]] (politics based on practical and material factors rather than on theoretical or ethical objectives)
+*[[Rucksack]] (backpack)
+*[[Sauerkraut]] (sour cabbage)
+*[[Schadenfreude]] (enjoyment obtained from the troubles of others)
+*[[Sturm und Drang]] (lit. "storm and stress"; turmoil)
+*[[Über]] (ultra, "very"), [[Übermensch]] (superman/superhuman)
+*[[Überfremdung]] claim that some aspect of a culture has been '''too''' heavily penetrated by foreign influence
+*[[Umlaut]] (the diacritic over the vowels "ä", "ö" and "ü", or more generally the phenomenon of vowel shifts such as the one in German that is represented by this diacritic)
+*[[Urheimat]] (original homeland of the speakers of a proto-language)
+*[[Ursprache]] (proto-language)
+*[[Waldsterben]] (forest dieback)
+*[[Wanderlust]] (strong longing for or impulse toward wandering)
+*[[Weltanschauung]] (a comprehensive conception or apprehension of the world especially from a specific standpoint)
+*[[Weltschmerz]] (lit. "world-pain"; mental depression or apathy caused by comparison of the actual state of the world with an ideal state)
+*[[Wirtschaftswunder]] (designates the upturn experienced in the West German and Austrian economies after the Second World War)
+*[[Wunderkind]] (a child prodigy)
+*[[Zeitgeist]] ("spirit of the times"; actually a German calque originating from a Shakespeare translation)
-== Ships ==
+==See also==
-Two were ordered under the 1913-14 Programme.
-* {{HMS|Kempenfelt|1915|2}} &mdash; built by Cammell Laird, Birkenhead, laid down [[2 October]] [[1914]], launched [[1 May]] [[1915]], completed [[20 August]] [[1915]], sold for breaking up [[9 May]] [[1921]].
-* {{HMS|Lightfoot|1915|2}} &mdash; built by [[J. Samuel White]], [[Cowes]], laid down [[9 June]] [[1914]], launched [[28 May]] [[1915]], completed [[29 May]] [[1915]], sold for breaking up [[9 May]] [[1921]].
-Two ordered under the 1914-15 Programme.
-* {{HMS|Marksman|1915|2}} &mdash; built by [[Hawthorn Leslie and Company]], [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], laid down [[20 July]] [[1914]], launched [[28 April]] [[1915]], completed [[18 November]] [[1915]], sold for breaking up [[8 November]] [[1921]].
-* {{HMS|Nimrod|1915|2}} &mdash; built by [[William Denny and Brothers Limited]], [[Dumbarton]], laid down [[9 October]] [[1914]], launched [[12 April]] [[1915]], completed [[25 August]] [[1915]], sold for breaking up [[5 November]] [[1926]].
-Three ordered in November 1914 under the War Emergency Programme.
-* {{HMS|Abdiel|1915|2}} &mdash; built by [[Cammell Laird]], [[Birkenhead]], laid down [[6 May]] [[1915]], launched [[12 October]] [[1915]], completed [[26 March]] [[1915]], sold for breaking up July 1936
-* {{HMS|Gabriel|1915|2}} &mdash; built by Cammell Laird, Birkenhead, laid down [[12 January]] [[1915]], launched [[23 December]] [[1915]], completed [[1 July]] [[1916]], sold for breaking up [[9 May]] [[1921]].
-* {{HMS|Ithuriel|1916|2}} &mdash; built by Cammell Laird, Birkenhead, laid down [[14 January]] [[1915]], launched [[18 March]] [[1916]], completed [[2 August]] [[1916]], sold for breaking up [[8 November]] [[1921]].
+*[[List of German expressions in English]]
-==References==
+*[[German placename etymology]]
-{{reflist}}
+*[[German name]]
-*''Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893-1981'', Maurice Cocker, 1983, Ian Allan ISBN 0-7110-1075-7
+*[[List of Spanish words of Germanic origin]]
-*''Jane's Fighting Ships, 1919'', Jane's Publishing
+*[[List of Portuguese words of Germanic origin]]
+*[[List of English words of Yiddish origin]]
-[[Category:Marksman class destroyers| ]]
+[[Category:German loanwords|*]]
-[[Category:Destroyer classes]]
+[[de:Liste deutscher Wörter im Englischen]]
+[[es:Germanismo]]
+[[gl:Xermanismo]]
+[[hr:Germanizam]]
+[[nl:Germanisme]]
+[[no:Germanisme]]
+[[pl:Germanizm]]
+[[ru:Германизм]]
+[[sh:Germanizam]]