Backland
Hinterland is a term from human geography in various contexts. The German term was adopted as L'hinterland in French, as El hinterland in Spanish, as hinterlândia in Portuguese and in 1888 as The hinterland in English.
Human geography
In human geography or political geography, it is a rural area that is located downstream of larger cities or catchment areas and is only inhabited by a few inhabitants. Usually the hinterland is characterized by a reduced infrastructure . Examples are: Hessian hinterland / hinterland district ; Hinterlandbahn (Thuringia); Hinterland District (Switzerland), Glarner Hinterland (Switzerland).
In the course of this, the concept of the hinterland was repeatedly politically charged and its marginalization stylized into a myth . One example is the Hungarian Hátország as the home of “genuinely Hungarian” values. Cornelius Pollmer uses the modified term Randland .
Political geography
In political geography , the term comes from the earlier international colonial law , a part of international law of the 19th and early 20th centuries, where it meant the part of the country in which state authority already has access, but without being legally subject . This was mostly inland behind the coastal strip that was initially conquered or bought.
In the era of the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, taking possession of a point on the coast led to the inference of the occupation of the entire continent or the entire island.
As a result, international law was developed to such an extent that it was only possible to speak of territorial sovereignty where actual state authority was exercised, e.g. B. by creating stations. In addition, the hinterland could only be considered a colonial area where it was a stateless area or the sphere of interest customary in the imperial age .
The German-language term “Hinterland” has also established itself in Northern Italy; so z. For example, the rural surroundings of the greater Milan area are also referred to in Italian as "hinterland". In Australia, it stands for areas that are at a greater distance from the coast, as opposed to the vast inland areas known as the outback .
Traffic geography
In the Transport Geography is the continental watershed of a trade freeport . For logistics , the quality of the connection between a commercial port and its hinterland is an essential indicator of its performance. The northern European and Adriatic ports are interested in efficient hinterland connections (especially railways and motorways) in order to transport the goods handled in the port as efficiently as possible.
Various TEN transport infrastructure projects are therefore investing in the expansion of these connections. B.
- in the Lower Rhine area: the Betuweroute and the Iron Rhine railway line
- for the northern German ports: the Y-route
- for the North Adriatic ports: the railway line Trieste / Koper - Divača - Ljubljana ( kuk Südbahn ) and the Pontebbana railway line (Venice / Trieste) Udine - Villach and, last but not least, the Brennerbahn .
The English, French, Italian and Spanish languages also use the terms “the hinterland” (behind a trading port) “le hinterland” and “el hinterland” without their own equivalents.
Military geography
In military geography , hinterland refers to the area behind a war front (see also: stage ). In a broader sense, the term propagandistically applied to the population of the state entity initiating a war, from which moral and material support was promised (see also: Home Front ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Claus Leggewie: Populism. Right-shifted class struggle. In: EconStor. Economic Service, ZBW Leibniz Information Center for Economics, 2019, accessed on April 3, 2020 .
- ^ Esther Kinsky: Hinterland. Or: punk is not dead. In: Journal of Eastern Europe. German Society for Eastern European Studies, December 2011, accessed on April 3, 2020 .
- ^ Cornelius Pollmer: Randland. Reports and reports from the German East . Thelem, Dresden 2018, ISBN 978-3-95908-469-7 .