Tomarctus: Difference between revisions

Tomarctus; Temporal range: early to middle Miocene 20.43–13.6 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	T. temerarius skull, now synonymous of T. brevirostris
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Canidae
Subfamily:	†Borophaginae
Tribe:	†Borophagini
Subtribe:	†Aelurodontina
Genus:	†Tomarctus; Cope, 1873
Type species
	†Tomarctus brevirostris;
Species
	†T. brevirostris; †T. hippophaga ;
	Range of Tomarctus based on fossil distribution

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Tomarctus is a canid genus of the extinct subfamily Borophaginae which inhabited most of North America during the late Early Miocene to the Early Barstovian age of the Middle Miocene (23—16 million years ago). Tomarctus existed for approximately 6.83 million years.

This animal shared a period and ecology with a variety of bear dogs, giant mustelid genera, and the genus of bone-crushing Canidae, Cynarctoides. As the bear dogs and giant mustelids became extinct, Tomarctus were a hyena-like fruit-eating canidae.

Species[edit]

The genus currently contains two accepted species, Tomarctus brevirostris and Tomarctus hippophaga.

Tomarctus brevirostris, synonymous with Aelurodon francisi, was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1873. Fossil specimens have been found as far south as Panama, east to Plum Point, Maryland, west to California, and north to Montana.^[2]

Tomarctus hippophaga was first described by Matthew and Cook in 1909 from the Trojan Quarry, Olcott Formation, Nebraska. Specimens have since been found as far west as California and as far north as the Montana/Alberta, Canada line.^[3]

References[edit]

^ Wang, Xiaoming; Richard Tedford; Beryl Taylor (1999-11-17). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 243. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
^ Paleobiology Database: Tomarctus brevirostris
^ Paleobiology Database: Tomarctus hippophaga

Martin, L.D. 1989. Fossil history of the terrestrial carnivora. Pages 536 - 568 in J.L. Gittleman, editor. Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, Vol. 1. Comstock Publishing Associates: Ithaca.
Tedford, R.H. 1978. History of dogs and cats: A view from the fossil record. Pages 1 – 10 in Nutrition and Management of Dogs and Cats. Ralston Purina Co.: St. Louis.
- Bio One Data Base - Tomarctus

This article related to prehistoric animals from order Carnivora is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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[Wang1999-1] Wang, Xiaoming; Richard Tedford; Beryl Taylor (1999-11-17). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 243. Retrieved 2007-07-08.

[Pbdbbrevirostris-2] Paleobiology Database: Tomarctus brevirostris

[Pbdbhippophaga-3] Paleobiology Database: Tomarctus hippophaga

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Extinct genus of carnivores}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Automatic taxobox
-|name = ''Tomarctus''
-|fossil_range = early to middle [[Miocene]] {{fossilrange|20.43|13.6}}
+| fossil_range = early to middle [[Miocene]] {{fossilrange|20.43|13.6}}
+| image = Tomarctus temerarius cropped.jpg
-|regnum = [[Animal]]ia
-| image = Tomarctus temerarius.JPG
+| image_caption = T. temerarius skull, now synonymous of T. brevirostris
+| display_parents = 3
-| image_width = 250px
-| image_caption = ''Tomarctus temerarius'' skull
+| taxon = Tomarctus
+| authority = [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1873
-|phylum = [[Chordata]]
+| type_species = †'''''Tomarctus brevirostris'''''
-|classis = [[Mammalia]]
+| subdivision_ranks = Species
-|ordo = [[Carnivora]]
+| subdivision_ref = <ref name="Wang1999">{{cite journal| last = Wang| first = Xiaoming|author2=Richard Tedford |author3=Beryl Taylor | title = Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae| journal = Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History| volume = 243| date = 1999-11-17| url = http://www.nhm.org/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/Wangetal1999borophaginemonographpart1.pdf| accessdate = 2007-07-08 }}</ref>
-|familia = [[Canidae]]
+| subdivision = * †''T. brevirostris''
-|subfamilia = †[[Borophaginae]]
-|genus = '''''Tomarctus'''''
-|genus_authority = [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1873
-|type_species = ''Tomarctus brevirostris''
-|subdivision_ranks = Species<ref name="Wang1999">{{cite journal| last = Wang| first = Xiaoming| coauthors = Richard Tedford, Beryl Taylor| title = Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae| journal = Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History| volume = 243| date = 1999-11-17| url = http://www.nhm.org/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/Wangetal1999borophaginemonographpart1.pdf| accessdate = 2007-07-08 }}</ref>
-|subdivision =
-* †''T. brevirostris''
 * †''T. hippophaga ''
-| range_map=Tomarctus range.pngjh;k;
+| range_map = Tomarctus range.png
-| range_map_caption=Range of Tomarctus based on fossil distribution
+| range_map_caption = Range of ''Tomarctus'' based on fossil distribution
 }}
-'''''Tomarctus''''' is a [[canidae|canine]] of the extinct [[subfamily]] [[Borophaginae]] which inhabited most of [[North America]] during the late [[Early Miocene]] to the [[Barstovian|Early Barstovian]] age of the [[Middle Miocene]] (23—16 [[Annum|mya]]). ''Tomarctus'' existed for approximately {{Mya|20.43-13.6|million years}}.
+'''''Tomarctus''''' is a [[canidae|canid]] [[genus]] of the [[extinct]] [[subfamily]] [[Borophaginae]] which inhabited most of [[North America]] during the late [[Early Miocene]] to the [[Barstovian|Early Barstovian]] age of the [[Middle Miocene]] (23—16 million years ago). ''Tomarctus'' existed for approximately {{Mya|20.43-13.6|million years}}.
-''Tomarctus'' evolved from the earlier genus ''[[Nothocyon]]''.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} This animal shared a period of time and ecology with a variety of other [[bear dog]]s like the giant [[mustelid]] genus of bone-crushing canidae, ''[[Cynarctoides]]''. As the bear dogs and giant mustelids became extinct, ''Tomarctus'' further radiated to fill a line of [[dog]]s which filled the [[hyena]]-like fruit eating and bone-crushing niches.
+This animal shared a period and ecology with a variety of [[bear dog]]s, giant [[mustelid]] genera, and the genus of bone-crushing Canidae, ''[[Cynarctoides]]''. As the bear dogs and giant mustelids became extinct, ''Tomarctus'' were a [[hyena]]-like fruit-eating canidae.
 <!-- ==Morphology==
@@ Line 32: / Line 26: @@
 The genus currently contains two accepted species, ''Tomarctus brevirostris'' and  ''Tomarctus hippophaga''.
-''Tomarctus brevirostris'', synomymous with ''Aelurodon francisi'', was named by [[Edward Drinker Cope]] in 1873. Fossil specimens have been found as far south as [[Panama]], east to Plum Point, [[Maryland]], west to [[California]], and north to [[Montana]].<ref name="Pbdbbrevirostris">[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=41246&is_real_user=1 Paleobiology Database: Tomarctus brevirostris]</ref>
+''Tomarctus brevirostris'', synonymous with ''Aelurodon francisi'', was named by [[Edward Drinker Cope]] in 1873. Fossil specimens have been found as far south as [[Panama]], east to Plum Point, [[Maryland]], west to [[California]], and north to [[Montana]].<ref name="Pbdbbrevirostris">[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=41246&is_real_user=1 Paleobiology Database: Tomarctus brevirostris]</ref>
 ''Tomarctus hippophaga'' was first described by Matthew and Cook in 1909 from the [[Trojan Quarry]], [[Olcott Formation]], [[Nebraska]]. Specimens have since been found as far west as [[California]] and as far north as the [[Montana]]/[[Alberta, Canada]] line.<ref name="Pbdbhippophaga">[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=52381&is_real_user=1 Paleobiology Database: Tomarctus hippophaga]</ref>
-And they liked to eat gummy bears!
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
 *Martin, L.D. 1989. Fossil history of the terrestrial carnivora. Pages 536 - 568 in J.L. Gittleman, editor. Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, Vol. 1. Comstock Publishing Associates: Ithaca.
-*Tedford, R.H. 1978. History of dogs and cats: A view from the fossil record. Pages 1 - 10 in Nutrition and Management of Dogs and Cats. Ralston Purina Co.: St. Louis.
+*Tedford, R.H. 1978. History of dogs and cats: A view from the fossil record. Pages 1 – 10 in Nutrition and Management of Dogs and Cats. Ralston Purina Co.: St. Louis.
 *[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=41246&is_real_user=1 - Bio One Data Base - Tomarctus]
+[[File:Tomarctus brevirostris.png|thumb|412x412px|Reconstruction of Tomarctus brevirostris.]]
 {{Canidae extinct nav}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q2193177}}
 [[Category:Borophagines]]
-[[Category:Miocene mammals]]
+[[Category:Miocene canids]]
-[[Category:Miocene extinctions]]
+[[Category:Serravallian extinctions]]
 [[Category:Prehistoric mammals of North America]]
+[[Category:Prehistoric carnivoran genera]]
+[[Category:Burdigalian first appearances]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope]]
+[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1873]]
 {{paleo-carnivora-stub}}
-{{dog-stub}}
+{{canid-stub}}
-[[it:Tomarctus]]
-[[nl:Tomarctus]]
-[[no:Tomarctus]]
-[[sv:Tomarctus]]