Afrikaans Language Monument and Newlyn: Difference between pages

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{{otheruses4|the town in England|the town in Australia|Newlyn, Victoria}}
[[Image:AfrikaanseTaalmonumentObelisks.jpg|thumb|Obelisks of the Language Monument in [[Paarl]], [[Western Cape]], [[South Africa]].]]
{{infobox UK place|
[[Image:AfrikaanseTaalmonumentEnscriptions.jpg|thumb|Plaque showing two quotes from Afrikaans poets]]
|country = England
[[Image:AfrikaanseTaalmonumentSlogan.jpg|thumb|The path leading up to the monument.]]
|map_type= Cornwall
The '''Afrikaans Language Monument''' ([[Afrikaans]]: ''Afrikaanse Taalmonument'') is located on a hill overlooking [[Paarl]], [[Western Cape Province]], [[South Africa]]. Completed in 1975, it commemorates the semicentenary of Afrikaans being declared an official language of South Africa separate from [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. Also, it was erected on the 100th anniversary of the founding of [[Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners]] (the Society of Real Afrikaners) in Paarl, the organization that helped strengthen Afrikaaners' identity and pride in their language.
|official_name= Newlyn
|cornish_name= Lulynn
|latitude= 50.1008
|longitude= -5.5525
|population= 21,168 (Civil Parish, 2001)
|civil_parish= [[Penzance]]
|shire_district= [[Penwith]]
|shire_county= [[Cornwall]]
|region= South West England
|constituency_westminster= [[St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)|St Ives]]
|post_town= PENZANCE
|postcode_district = TR18
|postcode_area= TR
|dial_code= 01736
|os_grid_reference= SW460283
}}


'''Newlyn''' ({{lang-kw|Lulynn}}) is a town in southwest [[Cornwall]], [[England]], [[UK]]. The town forms a small [[conurbation]] with neighbouring [[Penzance]], and part of the [[civil parish]] of Penzance. The principal industry in Newlyn is [[fishing]], and the town relies upon its harbour.
==Structure==
The monument consists of various tapering structures of a [[Convex polygon|convex]] and [[Concave polygon|concave]] nature, symbolising influences of different languages and cultures on Afrikaans itself, as well as political developments in South Africa, as follows:


== History ==
*Clear West - the [[Europe]]an heritage of the language
The settlement is recorded as ''Nulyn'' in 1279 and as ''Lulyn'' in 1290, and the name is probably derived from the [[Cornish language|Cornish]] for ''"pool for a fleet of boats"''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Mills | first = A. D. | title = The Popular Dictionary of English Place-Names | origdate = | origyear = 1991 | publisher = Parragon Book Service Ltd & Magpie Books | isbn = 0752518518 | pages = p.241}}</ref>
*Magical Africa - the [[Africa]]n influences on the language <br>
*Bridge - between Europe and Africa
*Afrikaans - the language itself<br>
*[[Republic]] - declared in 1961<br>
*[[Malay language]] and culture
(There is also a open stadium at the bottom of the structure where concerts and events are held)


Prior to the rise of Newlyn as important settlement the landing rights and most property within the Newlyn area was owned by the [[Manor of Alverton]]. Newlyn's history has been strongly linked to its role as a major fishing port. The natural protection afforded by the [[Gwavas]] Lake (an area of seawater in Mounts Bay) led to many local fisherman adopting this area as a preferred landing site. Newlyn harbour is first recorded in 1435 by the [[Bishop of Exeter]], later large scale improvements to the harbour led to Newlyn becoming the predominant fishing port in Mounts Bay. Newlyn was also the home of [[William Lovett]] a leader of the [[Chartist]] movement.
==Plaque Inscriptions==
On a large [[Commemorative plaque|plaque]] at the entrance, two quotes from prominent Afrikaans poets are enscribed:


In 1620 The [[Mayflower]] stopped off at Newlyn old quay to take on water. <ref>[http://www.penzance-town-council.org.uk/pzg1/g033.htm Newlyn Art Gallery<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*''Afrikaans is die taal wat vir Wes-Europa en Afrika verbind... Dit vorm 'n brug tussen die groot helder Weste en die magiese Afrika... En wat daar groots aan hulle vereniging kan ontspruit &ndash; dit is miskien wat vir Afrikaans voorlê om te ontdek. Maar wat ons nooit moet vergeet nie, is dat hierdie verandering van land en landskap as't ware aan die nuwe wordende taal geslyp, geknee, gebrei het... En so het Afrikaans in staat geword om hierdie nuwe land uit te sê... Ons taak lê in die gebruik wat ons maak en sal maak van hierdie glansende werktuig...'' -- [[N.P. van Wyk Louw]]
A plaque on the quay reads..
:"Afrikaans is the language that connects Western Europe and Africa... It forms a bridge between the large, shining West and the magical Africa... And what great things may come from their union &ndash; that is maybe what lies ahead for Afrikaans to discover. But what we must never forget, is that this change of country and landscape sharpened, kneaded and knitted this newly-becoming language... And so Afrikaans became able to speak out from this new land... Our task lies in the use that we make and will make of this gleaming vehicle..."
<blockquote>
*''As ons nou hier in die saal af 'n ry pale sou plant, tien pale, om die laaste tien jaar voor te stel, en aan elke paal 'n merk sou maak op 'n hoogte van die vloer af ooreenkomende met die betreklike skryfgebruik van Afrikaans in die respektiewe jaartal, en 'n streep deur die merke trek van die eerste af hier naby die vloer tot by die laaste daar anderkant teen die solder, dan sou die streep 'n snelstygende boog beskryf, nie net vinnig opgaande nie, maar opgaande na 'n vinnig vermeerderende rede. Laat ons nou in ons verbeelding die boog verleng vir die tien komende jare van nou af. Sien u menere waar die punt sal wees, daar buite in die bloue lug hoog oor Bloemfontein, in die jaar 1924.'' -- [[C.J. Langenhoven]]
''In memory of Bill Best Harris, historian who through rigourous research''
:"If we plant a row of poles down this hall now, ten poles, to represent the last ten years, and on each pole we make a mark at a height from the floor corresponding to the relative written use of Afrikaans in the respective year, and we draw a line, from the first here near the floor to the last over there against the loft, then the line would describe a rapidly rising arc, not only quickly rising, but rising in a quickly increasing manner. Let us now, in our imagination, extend the arc for the ten coming years from now. See you, sirs, where the point shall be, outside in the blue sky high over [[Bloemfontein]], in the year 1924."
''found that the Mayflower docked in Newlyn Harbour for fresh water as the''
''water supplied in Plymouth was contaminated. Therefore Newlyn was the last''
''port of call in UK for the Mayflower''.</blockquote>


The phrase ''"DIT IS ONS ERNS"'' (roughly "we are earnest [about this]", or "this is our earnestness") is emblazoned on the pathway leading up to the monument.


Prior to the 19th Century "Newlyn" referred only to the area near the old quay. The part of the village which now contains the fish market was known as "Streetanowan", this was separated at high tide from "Newlyn Town" the site of the lower part of the modern harbour being reclaimed land and formerly a beach<ref>[[Morrab Library]] Archives</ref>
==Controversy==
When the British design magazine [[Wallpaper*]] described [[Afrikaans]] as ''the ugliest language in the world'' in its September 2005 article about the Monument, [[South Africa]]n [[billionaire]] [[Johann Rupert]] (chairman of the [[Richemont|Richemont group]]), responded by withdrawing advertising for brands such as [[Cartier SA|Cartier]], [[Van Cleef & Arpels]], [[Montblanc (pens)|Montblanc]] and [[Alfred Dunhill]] from the magazine [http://business.iafrica.com/news/657706.htm]. The author of the article, Bronwyn Davies is an English-speaking [[South African]].


In 1755 the [[Lisbon earthquake]] caused a [[tsunami]] to strike the Cornish coast over 1,000 miles away. The sea rose ten feet in ten minutes at Newlyn, and ebbed at the same rate. The 19th Century French writer, [[Arnold Boscowitz]], claimed that "great loss of life and property occurred upon the coasts of Cornwall"<ref>[http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/index.cfm/index.cfm?articleid=5772] Timeline of Cornish History - The Lisbon Earthquake</ref>
==The Burgersdorp Monument==
The language monument at Paarl wasn't the first monument to commemorate Afrikaans. That honour goes to the monument in Burgersdorp, South Africa, which was built in 1893. The monument depicts a woman pointing her finger at a book in her hands.


Like the neighbouring communities of Penzance, [[Mousehole]] and Paul - Newlyn was destroyed during the Spanish Raid of 1595. During the 19th century Newlyn was the scene of the [[Newlyn riots]] following protests over the landing fish on a Sunday by fishermen from the north of England, the local Cornish fisherman being members of the [[Methodist]] church and as such strong supporters of [[sabbatarianism]].
Although the main inscription on that monument refers to the ''Hollandse taal'' (Dutch language), it can be understood to mean Afrikaans.
[[Image:Newlyn Tidal observatory Map 1946.png|thumb|right|A map of the town from 1946 showing the tidal observatory]]
In 1915 the Ordnance survey tidal observatory was established in the harbour and for the next six years measurements of tidal height were taken every 15 minutes.<ref>[http://www.pol.ac.uk/ntslf/tgi/ntobs.html Newlyn Tidal Observatory<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


In [[1937]] the fishing vessel [[PZ 87 The Rosebud|Rosebud]] sailed to London to deliver a petition to the Minister of Health on behalf of those villagers whose homes were threatened under the government's slum clearance scheme.
The monument was damaged during the Anglo-Boer War, and Lord Milner had it removed. It was replaced with a replica in 1907. The original was later discovered in King William in 1939, and moved back to stand next to the replica in Burgersdorp.<ref>[http://www.places.co.za/html/burgersdorp.html Burgersdorp<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


Prior to the 1890s Newlyn like Mousehole had strong connections with nearby parish of [[Paul, Cornwall|Paul]]. It was common for villagers to climb the relatively steep route from "Newlyn Cliff" to Paul via the area which is now known as Gwavas to worship at Paul Church. Until the mid twentieth century an ancient stone cross was present on this route at "Park an Grouse" (The Field of the Cross), this cross was one sites of veneration of the Cornish sea deity [[Bucca]], (As were the beaches of Newlyn and Mousehole) the name bucca has often been used as nick name for people resident in Newlyn. The location of the Cross is now unknown.
Some sources claim that Lord Milner had removed the original monument not because it was damaged, but because he was opposed to Afrikaans, and that the replica was built not by government but by a group of Afrikaners.<ref>http://www.dieafrikaansepatriot.co.za/phpbb/phpbb2/viewtopic.php?t=56&sid=3370195c4f8c4de374ca82619d6f2083</ref>

== Economy==
Newlyn's economy is largely dependent on its harbour and the associated fishing industry. Because of Newlyn's association with the creative arts there are also a number of artists and art galleries that are established in the area. The '''Pilchard Works''' museum at its historic site, closed its doors at the end of summer 2005.

==Art in Newlyn==
It was made famous in the 1880s and 1890s for its [[Newlyn School]] [[artists' colony]], including the painters [[Thomas Cooper Gotch]], [[Albert Chevallier Tayler]] and [[Henry Scott Tuke]]. The current largest collection of work by the Newlyn School is held by Penlee House Gallery and Museum in nearby [[Penzance]].

:See also: [[Newlyn Copper]]
Newlyn is the home of [[Newlyn Art Gallery]] [http://www.newlynartgallery.co.uk/] which houses a collection of modern art.

== Local Government ==
Newlyn is for the purposes of local government part of the Penzance Civil Parish and returns 5 councillors to Penzance Town Council. The principal local authorities in this area are [[Penwith]] District Council and the [[Cornwall]] County Council.

==Locations in Newlyn==
* [[As of 2004]], Newlyn harbour is the largest fishing port (by turnover >£18 million 2004) in England. The fishing fleet boasts a number of different catching methods: beam trawling, trawling, gill netting, potting and a large number of under 10m vessels that fish inshore. The port was a major catcher of [[pilchard]] until the 1960s. Today, a handful of vessels have resumed pilchard fishing and use a modern version of the ring net. The largest vessels are beam trawlers owned by the WS Stevenson and Sons, one of Cornwall's largest fish producers. Most of the other vessels are owned by their skippers.

*The UK [[National Tidal and Sea Level Facility]] (NTSLF) maintains a [[tides|tidal]] observatory at Newlyn, and the UK Fundamental [[Benchmark (surveying)|Benchmark]] is maintained there. The [[Ordnance Survey]], the [[United Kingdom]]'s [[cartography|mapping]] agency, used to base all [[elevation]]s including mapped [[contour lines]] and spot heights on the mean [[sea level]] at Newlyn defined by this benchmark; see [[Ordnance Datum Newlyn]].

* Sandy Cove is the name given to the small bay immediately south of the harbour wall.

* [[Gwavas]] a residential council estate on the outskirts of the village.

== Notable residents past and present ==

*[[Thomas Cooper Gotch]]
*[[Charles Holroyd]]
*[[William Lovett]]
*[[Robert Hichens]]
*[[Allan G Wyon]]
*[[John Pearson (artist)]]

== See also ==

* [[Penlee Quarry railway]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.newlynfishfestival.org.uk Information on the Newlyn Fish Festival]
{{commons|Category:Afrikaans Language Monument|Afrikaans Language Monument}}
* [http://www.newlyn.org Information on the regeneration of Newlyn Harbour and connected organisations]
*[http://business.iafrica.com/news/657706.htm Article about Johann Rupert's decision to withdraw advertising from Wallpaper* Magazine]
*[http://www.museums.org.za/TaalMon/English.htm History and description of the Paarl monument]
* [http://www.newlynharbour.co.uk Information, images and blog on Newlyn Harbour]
* {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Cornwall/Newlyn/}}
*[http://www.taalmuseum.co.za Afrikaans Museum & Monument]
*[http://burgersdorp.za.net/burgersdorp_photos.html Photos of the two monuments (original and replica) at Burgersdorp]
* [http://www.pol.ac.uk/ntslf/tgi/ntobs.html NTSLF page about the Newlyn Tidal Observatory and the Fundamental Benchmark]

{{coord|-33.76576|18.94257|type:landmark_region:ZA|display=title}}


[[Category:1975 architecture]]
[[Category:Towns in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Afrikaans]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Cornwall]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in South Africa]]
[[Category:Fishing communities]]


[[de:Newlyn]]
[[af:Afrikaanse Taalmonument]]
[[kw:Lulynn]]
[[de:Afrikaanse Taalmonument (Paarl)]]
[[nl:Newlyn]]
[[fr:Monument de la langue Afrikaans]]
[[pl:Newlyn]]
[[id:Monumen bahasa Afrikaans]]
[[jv:Monumen basa Afrikaans]]
[[ms:Monumen bahasa Afrikaans]]
[[nl:Die Afrikaanse Taalmonument]]
[[no:Afrikaanse Taalmonument]]
[[pl:Afrikans Language Monument]]
[[ru:Памятник языку африкаанс]]
[[simple:Afrikaans Language Monument]]
[[su:Monumén basa Afrikaans]]
[[fi:Afrikaanse Taalmonument]]

Revision as of 10:47, 11 October 2008

This article is about the town in England. For the town in Australia, see Newlyn, Victoria.
Newlyn
PopulationExpression error: "21,168 (Civil Parish, 2001)" must be numeric
OS grid referenceSW460283
Civil parish
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townPENZANCE
Postcode districtTR18
Dialling code01736
PoliceDevon and Cornwall
FireCornwall
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Cornwall

Newlyn (Cornish: Lulynn) is a town in southwest Cornwall, England, UK. The town forms a small conurbation with neighbouring Penzance, and part of the civil parish of Penzance. The principal industry in Newlyn is fishing, and the town relies upon its harbour.

History

The settlement is recorded as Nulyn in 1279 and as Lulyn in 1290, and the name is probably derived from the Cornish for "pool for a fleet of boats".[1]

Prior to the rise of Newlyn as important settlement the landing rights and most property within the Newlyn area was owned by the Manor of Alverton. Newlyn's history has been strongly linked to its role as a major fishing port. The natural protection afforded by the Gwavas Lake (an area of seawater in Mounts Bay) led to many local fisherman adopting this area as a preferred landing site. Newlyn harbour is first recorded in 1435 by the Bishop of Exeter, later large scale improvements to the harbour led to Newlyn becoming the predominant fishing port in Mounts Bay. Newlyn was also the home of William Lovett a leader of the Chartist movement.

In 1620 The Mayflower stopped off at Newlyn old quay to take on water. [2] A plaque on the quay reads..

In memory of Bill Best Harris, historian who through rigourous research found that the Mayflower docked in Newlyn Harbour for fresh water as the water supplied in Plymouth was contaminated. Therefore Newlyn was the last

port of call in UK for the Mayflower.


Prior to the 19th Century "Newlyn" referred only to the area near the old quay. The part of the village which now contains the fish market was known as "Streetanowan", this was separated at high tide from "Newlyn Town" the site of the lower part of the modern harbour being reclaimed land and formerly a beach[3]

In 1755 the Lisbon earthquake caused a tsunami to strike the Cornish coast over 1,000 miles away. The sea rose ten feet in ten minutes at Newlyn, and ebbed at the same rate. The 19th Century French writer, Arnold Boscowitz, claimed that "great loss of life and property occurred upon the coasts of Cornwall"[4]

Like the neighbouring communities of Penzance, Mousehole and Paul - Newlyn was destroyed during the Spanish Raid of 1595. During the 19th century Newlyn was the scene of the Newlyn riots following protests over the landing fish on a Sunday by fishermen from the north of England, the local Cornish fisherman being members of the Methodist church and as such strong supporters of sabbatarianism.

A map of the town from 1946 showing the tidal observatory

In 1915 the Ordnance survey tidal observatory was established in the harbour and for the next six years measurements of tidal height were taken every 15 minutes.[5]

In 1937 the fishing vessel Rosebud sailed to London to deliver a petition to the Minister of Health on behalf of those villagers whose homes were threatened under the government's slum clearance scheme.

Prior to the 1890s Newlyn like Mousehole had strong connections with nearby parish of Paul. It was common for villagers to climb the relatively steep route from "Newlyn Cliff" to Paul via the area which is now known as Gwavas to worship at Paul Church. Until the mid twentieth century an ancient stone cross was present on this route at "Park an Grouse" (The Field of the Cross), this cross was one sites of veneration of the Cornish sea deity Bucca, (As were the beaches of Newlyn and Mousehole) the name bucca has often been used as nick name for people resident in Newlyn. The location of the Cross is now unknown.

Economy

Newlyn's economy is largely dependent on its harbour and the associated fishing industry. Because of Newlyn's association with the creative arts there are also a number of artists and art galleries that are established in the area. The Pilchard Works museum at its historic site, closed its doors at the end of summer 2005.

Art in Newlyn

It was made famous in the 1880s and 1890s for its Newlyn School artists' colony, including the painters Thomas Cooper Gotch, Albert Chevallier Tayler and Henry Scott Tuke. The current largest collection of work by the Newlyn School is held by Penlee House Gallery and Museum in nearby Penzance.

See also: Newlyn Copper

Newlyn is the home of Newlyn Art Gallery [2] which houses a collection of modern art.

Local Government

Newlyn is for the purposes of local government part of the Penzance Civil Parish and returns 5 councillors to Penzance Town Council. The principal local authorities in this area are Penwith District Council and the Cornwall County Council.

Locations in Newlyn

  • As of 2004, Newlyn harbour is the largest fishing port (by turnover >£18 million 2004) in England. The fishing fleet boasts a number of different catching methods: beam trawling, trawling, gill netting, potting and a large number of under 10m vessels that fish inshore. The port was a major catcher of pilchard until the 1960s. Today, a handful of vessels have resumed pilchard fishing and use a modern version of the ring net. The largest vessels are beam trawlers owned by the WS Stevenson and Sons, one of Cornwall's largest fish producers. Most of the other vessels are owned by their skippers.
  • Sandy Cove is the name given to the small bay immediately south of the harbour wall.
  • Gwavas a residential council estate on the outskirts of the village.

Notable residents past and present

See also

References

  1. ^ Mills, A. D. The Popular Dictionary of English Place-Names. Parragon Book Service Ltd & Magpie Books. pp. p.241. ISBN 0752518518. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |origdate= (help)
  2. ^ Newlyn Art Gallery
  3. ^ Morrab Library Archives
  4. ^ [1] Timeline of Cornish History - The Lisbon Earthquake
  5. ^ Newlyn Tidal Observatory

External links

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