Đổi mới

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Đổi mới ( Vietnamese renewal ) are the name of the market economy reforms initiated in Vietnam in 1986 . As in the People's Republic of China , economic liberalization was initially not followed by any political liberalization. Personal freedoms were even further restricted. The political Doi Moi is scheduled only since of 2006. However, the implementation of the commitments has so far hardly been felt by the government.

history

After the end of the Vietnam War , the central administration economy was first introduced in Vietnam . In the mid-1980s, however, under the impression of impending famine , the Communist Party of Vietnam decided to change course and implemented a series of major reforms that led to the change from a planned economy to a “ socialist market economy ” or a “multisectoral economy” with dominant state and cooperative companies.

Officially, the course of renewal on the VI. Party congress of the KPV decided in 1986. This included increased decision-making powers for state-owned companies, a market-oriented monetary policy to control inflation , the strengthening of the private sector, which previously only existed in the form of family businesses, and the expansion of trade with western countries, which also includes direct investments. Furthermore, the banking system was decentralized by abolishing the mono banking system and allowing further commercial banks in addition to the controlling central bank . The agricultural sector was also given more freedom, as farmers were allowed to dispose of production and pricing more independently, as cooperatives and forced deliveries were largely abolished.

It should be noted that the Vietnamese reforms were born out of necessity (five wars in a row, the hasty harmonization of the systems in North and South Vietnam and the crisis that emerged after the collapse of the Eastern bloc ), remain within narrow limits and serve to strengthen socialism should. In this respect, they are more likely to be compared with the New Economic Policy of the Soviet Union than with the policy of reform and opening up in China. Around 65 percent of the means of production remain state property, there are strict requirements and guidelines for private entrepreneurs, the union is still very strong, and the party has already called for "more socialism" again and has put an end to the reforms around 2020 View.

consequences

The consequences for Vietnam, directly attributable to the reform, were intense economic growth (after previously negative growth), a sharp drop in unemployment figures and increased economic independence from other states. In the following years, this also led to an improvement in the country's relations with western industrialized nations such as Japan and the United States .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Human rights situation after Doi Moi ( Memento of October 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ Seminar report of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung: Vietnams Politischer Doi Moi (PDF; 105 kB)
  3. ↑ a b The Guardian: Behind Hanoi's neon lights - Vietnam's enduring commitment to socialism
  4. ↑ morningstaronline.co.uk ( Memento of the original from April 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.morningstaronline.co.uk
  5. ↑ vietnam-kompakt.de: 25 years Doi Moi in Vietnam ( Memento from February 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

literature

  • Peter Boothroyd, Pham Xuan Nam (Ed.): Socioeconomic Renovation in Viet Nam . The Origin, Evolution, and Impact of Doi Moi. International Development Research Center, Ottawa 2000, ISBN 0-88936-904-6 (English, online ).
  • Andreas Margara : The American War . Remembrance culture in Vietnam. regiospectra, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-940132-48-2 .
  • Geoffrey Murray: Vietnam . Dawn of a New Market. Palgrave Macmillan, 1997, ISBN 0-312-17392-X (English).
  • Helmut Opletal, Werner Clement : Doi Moi . Departure in Vietnam. Economic reform and post-war politics. In: Knowledge & Practice . tape 92 . Brandes & Apsel / Südwind, Frankfurt am Main / Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-86099-292-9 .
  • Peter Wolff: Vietnam . The unfinished transformation. Ed .: German Institute for Development Policy. Weltforum Verlag, Cologne 1997, ISBN 3-8039-0474-9 .
  • Au Duong The: Vietnam . The reform policy since the VI. Communist Party Congress of Vietnam. In: Socialist and planned economy systems in Asia in transition . PR China, Vietnam, North Korea, Burma, India. VISTAS Verlag, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-89158-048-7 .
  • Claudia Pfeifer: Confucius and Marx on the Red River . Vietnamese reform concepts after 1975. Horlemann Verlag, Unkel am Rhein / Bad Honnef 1991, ISBN 3-927905-23-2 .