Communist Party of Vietnam

Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam Communist Party of Vietnam
Party leader	Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Secretary General	Nguyễn Phú Trọng
founding	February 3, 1930 as: Communist Party of Indochina
Headquarters	District Ba Dinh , Ha Noi
Colours)	Red Yellow
Number of members	3.6 million (2011)
International connections	International meeting of communist and workers' parties
Website	dangcongsan.vn

The Communist Party of Vietnam (KPV) ( French Parti communiste vietnamien , Vietnamese Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam ) is the only legal party in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) .

Their role in the country's political system is defined in Article 4.1 of the Vietnamese Constitution as follows:

"The Communist Party of Vietnam, the vanguard of the Vietnamese working class [...] and the whole nation, which is guided by Marxism-Leninism and Hồ Chí Minh thinking, is the leading force in the state and in society."

history

Posters of the Communist Party of Vietnam 2010 in Hué

In 1925, while in exile in Guangzhou , Ho Chi Minh established the Society of Comrades of the Revolutionary Youth . He was supported by both the Comintern and the then national Chinese authorities. On February 18, 1930, Ho Chi Minh founded the Communist Party of Vietnam together with other communists . The organization was founded in Hong Kong in order to avoid access by the French police. The party formulated its core goals as overcoming French colonial rule and overcoming the capitalist system by establishing a socialist state. With regard to social policy, the party promised an eight-hour day , the literalization of the population and equality between men and women. In economic terms, the program envisaged the abolition of the high colonial tax burden on the majority of farmers and the establishment of a socialist economy with nationalized banks and industrial companies. Improvements to this program from 1930 were made a few months later to ensure conformity with the Comintern. As a result, the party was renamed the Indochinese Communist Party . Despite these changes, Ho and his party in the Comintern preferred to neglect the social Marxist revolution over the national question of independence. The practice of including small and medium-sized landowners in the party was also criticized as a lack of loyalty to the line.

In parts of the provinces of Nghệ An and Hà Tĩnh , around 100 spontaneous strikes and protests by farmers against the colonial power took place in 1930 due to the high tax burden and the threat of food shortages. As a result, farmers' councils, the so-called Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets , were founded in numerous communities , which, under the leadership of the Communist Party, implemented local measures such as land redistribution, reduced working hours and the establishment of literacy programs. By mid-1931, these efforts were so successful in the two provinces of central Vietnam that 31 village soviets were founded. The movement was eventually crushed by French colonial troops. The repression measures resulted in several thousand deaths. Around 9,000 Vietnamese were imprisoned. The French security police Sûreté smashed the party's conspiratorial apparatus in the country. In 1931, Ho was arrested by the British authorities in Hong Kong, but was able to escape. In 1932 all members of the Central Committee and all heads of the regional committees were either imprisoned or killed. However, as the country's bourgeois parties distanced themselves from the uprisings, the Communist Party gained tremendous popularity among the colony's population. After the decline of the Populaire Front and the associated shift to the right in French politics, there was another wave of arrests in which around 2,000 people were interned.

In 1931 she was on the XI. Conference of the EKKI incorporated into the Comintern as an independent section . In consultation with the Comintern, the party was led from abroad after the suppression of the Soviet movement in the country. From 1934 the party was led by an instruction committee from southern China. The First Congress of the Indochinese Communist Party took place in Macau in 1935 . Under the chairmanship of Ha Huy Tap, the party reaffirmed its doctrine of the continuation of the class struggle. On instructions from Moscow, the KPI changed its strategy during the Popular Front and acted with a legal front organization with the aim of forming alliances with other political groups.

In 1941 the Viet Minh was founded on the initiative of the Indochinese Communist Party .

1945 in the course of the August Revolution in which the Viet Minh briefly took control of Vietnam from the Japanese occupation forces and Ho proclaimed a sovereign government in Hanoi, the party dissolved itself in November. The party continued to operate unchanged at least at the district level. This tactical step was an attempt to allay the non-communist forces from fear of the party's claim to political omnipotence. For Josef Stalin , the self-dissolution raised doubts about the ideological loyalty of the leadership of the party around Ho and worsened the climate between the Vietnamese communists and the Soviet Union.

At the Second Party Congress in 1951, at which the Indochinese CP was renamed the Party of the Working People of Vietnam (PdWV) ( Vietnamese Lao Dong ), the party set itself the following main tasks:

1. To lead the resistance struggle against the French colonialists until the final victory
2. To organize the PdWV

In the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( North Vietnam ), the PdWV was the leader.

In September 1960 the III. PdWV party convention convened. He generalized the experience gained so far and laid down the general line for the transition period to socialism :

• The dictatorship of the proletariat should be further consolidated
• the cooperation with the socialist brother countries deepened and
• three revolutions (that of the relations of production, the scientific − technical revolution and the cultural revolution) and the
• socialist industrialization to be carried out.

At the 4th party congress in 1976, at which the PdWV received its current name, it was about

• Questions about the reunification with South Vietnam (which was defeated by the military in 1975) and about the
• Establishment of special relations with the two neighboring countries Laos and Cambodia.

Representatives of the Central Committee of the CPV took part in the 11th internal China consultation of representatives of the Central Committee of several Communist Parties of the Eastern Bloc , which took place from June 11 to 13, 1980 in Mierki ( VR Poland ).

The head of the delegation of the CP of Vietnam made the Chinese aggression against the SRV and its effects on all areas of social life and politics of the Beijing leadership the starting point of his statements.

Southeast Asia remains a major direction of Beijing's expansion policy. A renewed aggression against the SRV as well as military actions against Laos cannot be ruled out. He said that the reactionary policies of those in power in China had destabilized the country's political life.

On the VI. At the CPV party congress in 1986, the course of renewal ( Vietnamese Đổi mới ) was initiated, which above all brought about an opening of the economy to foreign countries.

From 18th to 25th April 2006 took place the Xth Party Congress of the KPV. He "has emphatically affirmed the socialist orientation of the country's development". In the political report of the Central Committee to the party congress it was stated, among other things: “The results prove the correctness of the… Course of Renewal (Doi Moi)…” In addition, a revised version of the party statute was adopted at the party congress.

Goals of the KPV

"The revised statute of the party formulates the goal of 'building an independent, democratic and strong Vietnam with a just and civilized society free from exploitation, which successfully realizes socialism and communism as the ultimate goal.'"

General Secretaries of the KPV

Surname	Beginning of the term of office	Term expires	portrait
Tron Phu	October 27, 1930	September 6, 1931
Lê Hồng Phong	October 27, 1931	July 26, 1936
Hà Huy Tập	July 26, 1936	March 30, 1938
Nguyễn Văn Cừ	March 30, 1938	November 9, 1940
Trường Chinh	May 1941	September 24, 1956
Hồ Chi Minh	September 24, 1956	September 10, 1960
Lê Duẩn	September 10, 1960	July 10, 1986
Trường Chinh ( 2nd time )	July 14, 1986	18th December 1986
Nguyễn Văn Linh	18th December 1986	June 28, 1991
Đỗ Mười	June 28, 1991	December 26, 1997
Lê Khả Phiêu	June 26, 1997	April 22, 2001
Nông Đức Mạnh	April 22, 2001	January 19, 2011
Nguyễn Phú Trọng	January 19, 2011	officiating

Leading bodies of the KPV

The Communist Party of Vietnam leads the front national , the Front de la Patrie du Viêt Nam , within a bloc party system .

Central Committee

The current Central Committee , whose members were elected on January 26, 2016 at the 12th Party Congress, has 180 full members and 20 candidates. The candidates take part in meetings of the Central Committee in an advisory capacity.

The main task of the Central Committee is to implement the resolutions of the party congress through the party's secretariat and various committees. In addition, the Central Committee elects the members of the Politburo, the General Secretary of the party, the associated party secretariat and the party commission for inspection. The Central Committee meets at least twice a year.

Politburo of the CPV

Fourteen people belong to the Politburo .

• Nguyễn Phú Trọng
• Le Hong Anh
• Nguyễn Tấn Dũng (Prime Minister of the SRV)
• Nguyễn Minh Triết (President of the SRV)
• Truong Tan Sang (Chairman of the Economic Committee of the Central Committee)
• Nguyen Phu Trong (Chairman of the Hanoi Party Committee )
• Phạm Gia Khiêm (Vice Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the SRV)
• Phung Quang Thanh (SRV Deputy Minister of Defense)
• Truong Vinh Trong (Chairman of the Interior Committee of the Central Committee)
• Le Thanh Hai (Chairman of the Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee )
• Nguyen Sinh Hung (SRV Finance Minister)
• Nguyen Van Chi (Chairman of the Control Committee of the Central Committee)
• Ho Duc Viet (Chairman of the Science and Technology Committee of the National Assembly of the SRV)
• Pham Quang Nghi (Minister for Culture and Information of the SRV)

Secretariat of the Central Committee

The Central Committee Secretariat has eight members.

• Nông Đức Mạnh
• Truong Tan Sang
• Truong Vinh Trong
• Nguyen Van Chi
• Pham Quang Nghi
• Le Van Dung
• Tong Thi Phong
• To Huy Rua

Central Control Commission

The Central Control Commission of the Central Committee consists of fourteen people.

• Nguyen Van Chi
• Nguyen Thi Doan
• Tran Van Truyen
• Pham Thi Hai Chuyen
• Tran Hoa
• Pham Chi Hoa
• Pham Thi Hoe
• Le Hong Lien
• Le Van Giang
• Nguyen Van Dam
• Sa Nhu Hoa
• Nguyen Minh Quang
• Bui Van The
• To Quang Thu

literature

In the minutes of the IV.−XI. At the SED congress there are greetings from the Vietnamese party to the congresses. Further documents are listed here.

• Brief history of the Party of the Working People of Vietnam. Rote Fahne publishing house, Dortmund 1972.
• Legacy of President Ho Chi Minh. Appeal and funeral speech of the Central Committee of the Party of Working People of Vietnam. Foreign Language Literature Publishing House, Hanoi 1969.
• IVth Congress of the Party of Working People of Vietnam. Dietz Verlag Berlin (GDR) 1977.
• Communist Party Statute of Vietnam. Adopted at the IV Congress. 1976. (English in: The Party Statutes of the Communist World. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague 1984. ISBN 90-247-2975-0 )
• Documents and materials of the cooperation between the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and the Communist Party of Vietnam. 1973 to 1979. Dietz Verlag Berlin (GDR) 1980.

Web links

• KPV website (English) (French) (Vietnamese) (Chinese)
• Official party newspaper "Nhân Dân" (Vietnamese) (English)
• Wilfried Lulei: Country Profile Vietnam. German-Vietnamese Society (DVG) , August 22, 2009 . 
• Johannes Tran: Who is holding the strings? (PDF, 99 kB) Konrad Adenauer Foundation , May 2018 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 17 IMCWP, List of Participants. In: solidnet.org . January 9, 2019, archived from the original on January 7, 2016 ; accessed on September 10, 2016 . 
2. ↑ Marina Mai: Vietnamese government: The old fighters are retiring. In: Spiegel Online . April 25, 2006, accessed January 9, 2019 . 
3. ^ Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Article 4.1
4. ↑ Pierre Brocheux: Histoire du Vietnam contemporain - resilient nation La . Fayard, Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-213-66167-4 , pp. 83-85 .
5. ^ Marilyn B. Young: The Vietnam Wars 1945-1990 . Grafton, New York 1991, ISBN 978-0-06-016553-6 , pp. 3-5 .
6. ^ Marilyn B. Young: The Vietnam Wars 1945-1990 . Grafton, New York 1991, ISBN 978-0-06-016553-6 , pp. 5 .
7. ↑ Pierre Brocheux, Daniel Hémery: Indochina - An Ambiguous Colonization 1858-1954 . University of California Press, Berkeley 2009, ISBN 978-0-520-24539-6 , pp. 317-320 .
8. ^ Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Central Committee of the CPSU, The Communist International. Brief historical summary. Verlag Marxistische Blätter GmbH, Frankfurt am Main 1970. p. 388
9. ^ William J. Duiker, Bruce Lockhart: Historical Dictionary of Vietnam . Lanham, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8108-5053-8 , pp. 17, 230 f . (English).
10. ^ William J. Duiker, Bruce Lockhart: Historical Dictionary of Vietnam . Lanham, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8108-5053-8 , pp. 605 (English).
11. ↑ Frederick Logevall: Embers of War - The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America's Vietnam . Random House Trade Paperbacks, New York 2013, ISBN 978-0-375-75647-4 , pp. 126, 172, 194, 225 (English).
12. ^ Ho Chi Minh, Political Report to the Second Congress of the Party of Working People of Vietnam. Abstract. February 11, 1951 ( Memento from November 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
13. ↑ Uwe Klenner: On the economic development and social structure of society in North Vietnam (1945 to 1975) . In: Dieter Ziegler (Hrsg.): Year book for economic history . tape 28 , no. 3-4 . De Gruyter, 1987, p. 263–284 , doi : 10.1524 / jbwg.1987.28.34.263 ( uni-koeln.de [PDF; 3.3 MB ; accessed on January 8, 2019]).
14. ^ ^{A b} Oskar Weggel, The Xth Party Congress of the CP of Vietnam. An event without a prominent profile , suspected substitute source: Oskar Weggel: The Xth Party Congress of the CP of Vietnam - an event without a prominent profile . In: Südostasien aktuell: journal of current Southeast Asian affairs . tape 25 (2006) , no. 4 . Institute for Asian Studies, ISSN  0722-8821 , p. 46-61 .
15. ↑ ^{a b} Report on the 11th internal China consultation of the representatives of the Central Committees of the Bulgarian Communist Party, the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the Communist Party of Cuba, the Mongolian Revolutionary People's Party, the Polish United Workers' Party, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia , the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party and the Communist Party of Vietnam. In: Parallel History Project . Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich , June 11, 1980, accessed on January 8, 2019 . 
16. ^ ^{A b c} Rolf Berthold: 10th party congress of the CP of Vietnam: Clear socialist course . In: RotFuchs . June 2006, p. 22 ( rotfuchs.net [PDF; 1.1 MB ; accessed on January 8, 2019]).
17. ^ Party Central Committee members announced. In: Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper . January 28, 2016, accessed May 25, 2016 .