List of political parties in Egypt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

According to its constitution , Egypt has a multi-party political system , although in practice the National Democratic Party has been the dominant ruling party in the Egyptian political arena for decades . However, apart from political parties as such, there are also interest groups such as the Kifaja and the Muslim Brotherhood movement , with the latter exerting a growing influence in the population and pursuing the goal of gaining greater weight in political power.

Law 40 of 1977 regulates the formation of political parties in Egypt. However, it prohibits the formation of political parties of a religious nature. Opposition parties are allowed to exist, although so far it was generally believed that they had no access to power. On March 28, 2011, the now ruling Supreme Council of the Armed Forces introduced the Political Parties Act , which relaxes restrictions on the legal establishment of new parties in Egypt. Under the new law, new parties must have at least 5,000 members from at least ten governorates of Egypt . Originally, new parties needed 1,000 members. Also, no parties may be founded on the basis of religion or a social class, which makes it difficult to found Islamist , workers' or minority parties such as the Christian Copts .

history

The emergence of political parties in the 19th century - at the time of the Ottoman rule in Egypt - were a reflection of the social, economic and cultural interactions as well as certain historical, political and national circumstances that led to the establishment and development of modern social and administrative institutions such as parliament , the cabinet, political parties and trade unions. The political parties were formed as secret societies, later followed by loose political factions.

The National Party was the first party and was founded in 1907 by Mostafa Kamel or Scott Crawford . In less than ten years a multitude of games emerged with great variety in their nature, their founding, their organization, their power, their popular base and in their platforms. There were nationalist parties, groups dominated by the royal palace, parties formed by the Turkish and British occupying powers, and ideological parties that corresponded to certain political goals.

In the years from 1907 to 1920 the already established political parties became the starting point for the spread of additional third parties; however, those had a limited role due to the subordination of Egypt to the Ottoman Empire and British occupation . The unilateral declaration of Egyptian independence in February 1922 and the proclamation of the constitution of 1923 led to the regulation of a constitutional monarchy based on party pluralism and the principles of liberal democracy .

From 1923 to 1952, Egypt had a remarkable experience rich in political and democratic practice; during this period the liberal Wafd party was almost continuously the strongest party in parliament. With the outbreak of the revolution of July 1952 , the new Egyptian regime under Gamal Abdel Nasser tried to liquidate the opposition. A decree dissolving political parties and adopting a one-party system was adopted in January 1953.

Under the presidency of Nobel Peace Prize winner Anwar as-Sadat , political life was liberalized again as part of his Infitah policy . With the passage of the Political Parties Act in 1977, the political government of Egypt ushered in the era of party pluralism.

Political parties and groups

Egyptian politics is characterized by special circumstances that often make a simple classification in terms of the political spectrum impossible.

Although the current Egyptian constitution prohibits the formation of political parties based on religion, many parties seek to reinforce the importance of Islamic Sharia law as the main source of legislation. For the last decade and a half, parties that support the establishment of a secular state have found less and less support among the population.

Parties in the Constituent Assembly

Extra-parliamentary parties

Former parties

Electoral alliances

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Official Journal - Issue No. 27 - Dated 7th of July 1977, Law No. 40 of the year 1977, Concerning the Political Parties System and its Amendments (PDF; 65 kB)
  2. ↑ Mubarak's resignation sparks new day for Egypt: 'He's gone!' . The Washington Times. February 12, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
  3. ↑ a b Egypt’s new Political Party Law fails to please everyone . Al Masry Al Youm. March 29, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
  4. ↑ “Las elecciones legislativas del 27 de mayo de 1985 y la apertura democrática egipcia” , Gema Martín Muñoz, Revista española de investigaciones sociológicas REIS - Julio / septiembre de 1986 (35/86), pages 149-178
  5. ↑ Partidos políticos en Egipto 1928-2005 ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Observatorio Electoral, UAM @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uam.es
  6. ↑ Explainer: Egypt's crowded political arena . Al Jazeera English. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
  7. ^ Egypt Elections: How would you vote? (vote compass containing position of Egyptian parties on various issues) . Al Jazeera English. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
  8. ↑ Carta enviada al Partido Nacional Democrático de Egipto relacionada con la situación en ese país y su membresía en la Internacional Socialista.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 201 kB)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.lainternacionalsocialista.org  
  9. ↑ Traducción Carta enviada al Partido Nacional Democrático de Egipto relacionada con la situación en ese país y su membresía en la Internacional Socialista.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 169 kB)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.lainternacionalsocialista.org