List of political parties in India
The registered political parties of India are in, national parties '( national parties ) and federal parties' ( state parties divided). The corresponding recognition is given by the Indian election commission.
Registration as a political party
Registration as a political party with the Indian Election Commission is not mandatory, but it does give the parties concerned certain advantages. Registered political parties can choose from a number of election symbols provided by the Election Commission and then have the exclusive right to use them either at the state level ( state parties ) or nationwide ( national parties ). This guarantees a high recognition value among the still largely illiterate voters. On the other hand, registered parties can nominate candidates more easily. You will receive two copies of the electoral roll free of charge and will be entitled to a portion of airtime on state radio and television.
Registering with the Secretary of the Indian Electoral Commission in Delhi is relatively easy. At least 100 voters from each state must sign their support for the party. A political program certified by the general secretary of the party or the party president must be submitted, which precisely specifies the intervals at which intra-party elections to the party bodies take place and what the commissions are in the event of a dissolution or a merger with another party. The general secretary or party president must produce a police clearance certificate with no criminal record and a fee of 10,000 rupees must be paid. The registration must contain a specified declaration in which the party is committed to the Indian Constitution, as well as undertaking to “comply with the principles of socialism, secularism and democracy” and to “preserve the independence, unity and integrity of India”. This declaration must also be part of the party constitution.
National parties
In order to be recognized as the national party of India, the following conditions had to be met until the change in August 2016 (see below): The political party had to be recognized in at least four states of India. If so, that party was automatically registered as a national party by the Election Commission of India . A party was recognized in a state if it was politically active there for at least 5 years, sent a share of 4% of the state to the Indian lower house ( Lok Sabha ) or 3.33% of the state lower house ( Vidhan Sabha ) its members.
The following parties were recognized as national parties in March 2014:
- Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
- Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
- Communist Party of India (CPI)
- Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)
- Indian National Congress (INC)
- Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)
On September 2, 2016 the following was added:
- All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)
In the all-India parliamentary elections in 2014, the CPI, CPM and BSP performed so poorly that they were threatened with losing their status as a national party. After the parliamentary elections in Bihar in October / November 2015, the status of the NCP as a national party was also in danger. The CPM was also threatened by this loss of status after it was able to claim seats and votes in Kerala , West Bengal and Tripura , but did very poorly in the 2014 parliamentary elections in Tamil Nadu .
On August 22, 2016, the Central Election Commission announced new rules. According to this, a party receives the status of "national party" if it has won at least four Lok Sabha seats and has also received at least 6% of the votes in elections for Lok Sabha or the federal state parliament in 4 states. Alternatively, 11 Lok Sabha MPs from three countries are sufficient. The new rules were declared to be retroactive from January 1, 2014.
On June 7, 2019, the National People's Party joined the ranks of the "national parties".
In the 2019 parliamentary election, the CPI, NCP and TMC performed comparatively poorly, so that they threatened to lose their status as a national party. The BSP, on the other hand, saw its status confirmed due to its comparatively good performance in this election.
State recognized parties
In order to achieve state party status, a political party must have been active there for at least five years and meet one of the following four conditions:
- the party must win either 3 seats or 3 percent of the seats in the state parliament,
- the party must win at least one for every 25 constituencies for Lok Sabha (i.e. 4 percent of the Lok Sabha constituencies) in the state,
- the party must win at least 6 percent of the votes in an election for Lok Sabha or the state parliament and at the same time win at least one Lok Sabha constituency or two Vidhan Sabha constituencies in the state concerned,
- the party must win at least 8 percent of the votes in an election for Lok Sabha or Vidhan Sabha in that state, regardless of whether it also wins constituencies (this latter condition was only introduced later - in 1968).
Parties recognized at the state level are given a symbol by the Indian Electoral Commission. This symbol is reserved for the party in its state only. It can then happen that the election commission assigns exactly the same symbol in another state to another party. For example, the Indian lion is both the party symbol of the All India Forward Bloc in West Bengal , as well as the party symbol of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party in Goa and the Hill State People's Democratic Party in Meghalaya .
The following parties are recognized at the state level (as of August 21, 2018):
Other parties represented in parliaments
The following parties are not recognized as state parties, but are currently represented in parliament at national and / or state level (as of June 2016):
- Apna Dal (AD) ( Uttar Pradesh )
- Badavara Shramikara Raitala Congress (BSRCP) ( Karnataka )
- Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi (BVA) ( Maharashtra )
- Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh (BBM) ( Maharashtra )
- Communist Marxist Party Kerala State Committee ( Kerala )
- Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation (CPI (ML) (L)) ( Jharkhand )
- Garo National Council (GNC) ( Meghalaya )
- Goa Vikas Party (GVP) ( Goa )
- Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GOJAM) ( West Bengal )
- Gujarat Parivartan Party (GPP) ( Gujarat )
- Himachal Loktantrik Party (HLP) ( Himachal Pradesh )
- Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) ( Bihar )
- Ittehad-e-Millat Council (IEMC) ( Uttar Pradesh )
- Jai Bharat Samanta Party (JBSP) ( Jharkhand )
- Jammu & Kashmir People's Conference ( Jammu and Kashmir )
- Jharkhand Party (JKP) ( Jharkhand )
- Karnataka Makkala Paksha (KMP) ( Karnataka )
- Kerala Congress (B) (KC (B)) ( Kerala )
- Kerala Congress (Jacob) (KC (J)) ( Kerala )
- Kerala Congress (Secular) (KC (S)) ( Kerala )
- Marxist Coordination Committee (MCC) ( Jharkhand )
- National Secular Conference ( Kerala )
- National Unionist Zamindara Party (NUZP) ( Rajasthan )
- Navjawan Sangharsh Morcha ( Jharkhand )
- Navodayam Party ( Andhra Pradesh )
- North East Social Democratic Party (NESDP) ( Meghalaya )
- Peace Party (PECP) ( Uttar Pradesh )
- Peasants and Workers Party of India (PWPI) ( Maharashtra )
- Quami Ekta Dal (QED) ( Uttar Pradesh )
- Rashtriya Samaj Paksha (RSPS) ( Maharashtra )
- Samata Kranti Dal (SKD) ( Odisha )
- Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha (SKP) ( Karnataka )
- Swabhimani Paksha (SWP) ( Maharashtra )
- Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (P) (UKDP) ( Uttarakhand )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d FAQ - Registration of political parties. Election Commission of India, accessed May 23, 2015 .
- ^ Election Results - Full Statistical Reports. Indian Election Commission, accessed on October 3, 2014 (English, election results of all Indian elections to the Lok Sabha and the parliaments of the states since independence).
- ↑ Election Commission of India, March 10, 2014. (PDF; 553 kB)
- ^ Trinamool Congress gets national party status. The Indian Express, September 2, 2016, accessed September 10, 2016 .
- ↑ Election Commission to hear views of BSP, NCP, CPI on 'national party' status. firstpost.com, accessed March 12, 2016 .
- ↑ Ramu Bhagwat: Post Bihar, NCP status as national party under threat. The Times of India, November 13, 2015, accessed March 12, 2016 .
- ↑ a b Anita Katyal: CPI (M) gets to keep hammer and sickle as Election Commission changes rules on national party status. Scroll.in, August 22, 2016, accessed on August 23, 2016 .
- ^ Recognition of National People's Party as National Party. Indian Electoral Commission, June 7, 2019, accessed August 9, 2019 .
- ↑ CPI, NCP, TMC Face Prospect of Losing National Party Status After Poor Performance in Lok Sabha Polls. news18.com, July 16, 2019, accessed August 9, 2019 .
- ^ Amendment of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968. Allotment of common symbol to candidates of registered un-recognized political parties. Press Information Bureau, October 17, 2011, accessed May 23, 2015 .
- ↑ List of political Parties and Election Symbols main notification dated April 13, 2018 (updated August 21, 2018). Indian Electoral Commission, accessed June 23, 2019 .
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