Shiv Sena

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Shiv Sena
शिवसेना
Orange flag 2.svg
Uddhav Thackeray
Party leader Uddhav Thackeray
founding June 18, 1966
Place of foundation Bombay
Headquarters Sena Bhavan
Mumbai
Alignment Hindutva ,
Hindu nationalism,
right-wing populism
Colours) Dark orange
Parliament seats Lok Sabha :
18/545

Maharashtra Parliament :
63/288
Website www.shivsena.org
Bow and arrow - Shiv Sena's election symbol on ballot papers

Shiv Sena ( SHS , Marathi : शिवसेना, śivsenā; Shivaji's army ) is a nationalist-Hindu regional political party in the Indian state of Maharashtra . The party members or supporters are known as Shiv Sainiks .

Party history and ideology

It was founded by Bal Thackeray on June 19, 1966. Thackeray held the party chairmanship until his death on November 17, 2012. The current chairman is his son Uddhav Thackeray . The original party ideology is "Bhumiputra" ( son of the earth ). The starting point of their thinking was the increased immigration of mainly southern Indians to the economic metropolis of Bombay since the 1950s. Shiv Sena therefore claimed privileges for native Maharashtrians over newcomers. Since the 1970s, the party shifted more to its second ideology Hindutva (Hindu nationalism) and defined itself in terms of demarcation from Muslims and Pakistan.

In 2006, the 80-year-old party founder Bal Thackeray retired from active politics and named his son Uddhav as his successor. However, Bal Thackeray's nephew Raj Thackeray disagreed with this and a family feud broke out in the party, which ultimately ended with Raj leaving the party and forming his own Maharashtra Navnirman Sena ("newly founded Sena of Maharashtra"). Ideologically, the latter is no different from Shiv Sena, and both Raj and Uddhav Thackeray refer to Bal Thackeray's legacy.

The name Shiv Sena refers to its leading figure, the marathic King Shivaji , who was able to successfully assert himself against the Muslim moguls in the 17th century and after whom she has had several facilities in Mumbai since taking over the government, including the international airport and the city's largest train station , have renamed.

Political alliances and reigns

Orange flags of Shiv Sena and BJP (with green stripes and lotus flower symbol) at a campaign rally in Mumbai 2009

Since the 1980s there has been an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), with which Shiv Sena is linked in the multi-party electoral alliance National Democratic Alliance founded in 1998 . From 1999 to 2004 and again since 2014 Shiv Sena held cabinet positions in the BJP-led governments under Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Narendra Modi .

From 1995 to 1999, Shiv Sena, together with the BJP, also formed the Maharashtra government; Chief Minister was Manohar Joshi. During her reign, the city of Bombay was renamed Mumbai . Since March 2007, Shubha Raul has been elected mayor of Mumbai for the first time as a representative of the Shiv Sen. Raul, who succeeded her party colleague Datta Dalvi , is only the third woman in this office. Since Datta Dalvis in office in particular, the party has endeavored to eliminate or contain the wildly growing slum of Dharavi and to relocate the residents to social housing - not least because of the economic interests of the area's future usability. Under the leadership of the Shiv Sena, the expansion and improvement of the infrastructure in the state of Maharashtra also received a higher priority. Shortly before the parliamentary elections in Maharashtra in October 2014, the 25-year alliance between Shiv Sena and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) broke up because the two parties could not agree on joint constituency agreements. In the election, the BJP achieved significant votes and Shiv Sena went back to a coalition government after lengthy negotiations with the BJP.

criticism

Before the 1998 parliamentary elections, the Indian Election Commission of India criticized the fact that Shiv Sena did not have any internal party elections. According to the party constitution, Thackeray was lifelong party president without any intra-party elections for leadership positions. The electoral commission threatened to withdraw its recognition as a political party if Shiv Sena did not go over to holding regular intra-party elections to the party organs. As a result, Thackeray was elected party leader on December 21, 1997 in what was more like an acclamation. It was the first internal party election, more than 30 years after the party was founded.

On June 28, 1999, party leader Thackeray was deprived of active and passive voting rights for 1 ½ years by the Indian electoral commission. He was found guilty of unlawful election campaigning practices ( "corrupt electoral practices" ) by giving several inflammatory and inciting speeches at a by-election in Maharashtra in 1986 ( "communal and inflammatory speeches" , which would roughly correspond to the German criminal offense of sedition ).

Insurgent supporters of the party regularly attract attention through politically motivated acts of violence. Shiv Sena supporters were largely responsible for the riots between Hindus and Muslims in Bhiwandi in 1984 and the clashes in Bombay from 1992–93 after the destruction of the Babri Mosque , which killed hundreds. In December 2003, Shiv Sena supporters rioted in a stadium in Agra that was supposed to host a cricket tournament between India and Pakistan. In November 2009, the local television studios of two Indian broadcasters were devastated by Shiv Sena supporters after they had expressed criticism of the party and of the party leader Uddhav Thackeray. A party spokesman then declined to apologize for the incident and justified the "spontaneous" action (" If you target Sena, we will attack. " - "If Sena is targeted, we attack."). On October 13, 2015, Shiv Sena supporters doused the publicist Sudheendra Kulkarni with black paint when he presented a book by the former Pakistani Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri in Mumbai. Shiv Sena spokesmen called the action a form of "peaceful protest" against Pakistan.

Previous election results

year choice Parliament seats
1989 IndiaIndia Elected Lok Sabha in 1989
1/529
1990 General election in Maharashtra 1990
52/288
1991 IndiaIndia Election for Lok Sabha in 1991
4/521
1995 General election in Maharashtra 1995
73/288
1996 IndiaIndia Elected Lok Sabha 1996
15/543
1998 IndiaIndia Election for Lok Sabha in 1998
6/543
1999 IndiaIndia Election for Lok Sabha 1999
15/543
1999 General election in Maharashtra 1999
69/288
2004 IndiaIndia Election for Lok Sabha 2004
12/543
2004 General election in Maharashtra 2004
62/288
2009 IndiaIndia Election for Lok Sabha 2009
11/543
2009 General election in Maharashtra 2009
44/288
2014 IndiaIndia Election for Lok Sabha 2014
18/543
2014 General election in Maharashtra 2014
63/288
2019 IndiaIndia Election for Lok Sabha 2019
18/542

literature

  • Julia M. Eckert: The Charisma of Direct Action. Power, Politics, and the Shiv Sena. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Web links

Commons : Shiv Sena  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ It's official: 25-year-old BJP, Shiv Sena alliance in Maharashtra ends. rediff.com, September 25, 2014, accessed January 4, 2015 .
  2. ↑ NCP, Congress tussle for opposition leader's post Seems Certain in Maharashtra. dnaindia, December 4, 2014, accessed January 4, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Thackeray 'elected' Sena chief. rediff.com, December 21, 1997, accessed December 21, 2014 .
  4. ^ Bal Thackeray loses his right to vote. rediff.com, July 28, 1999, accessed December 21, 2014 .
  5. ↑ Syed Firdaus Ashraf: The Rediff Special: Know your Party: Shiv Sena. April 23, 2004, accessed March 8, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Mohit Joshi: Former Shiv Sena leader Sarpotdar convicted in Mumbai for inciting violence in 1992. TopNews.in, September 7, 2008, accessed on March 8, 2015 (English).
  7. ^ Shiv Sena activists damage cricket pitch. Siliconindia.com, December 18, 2003, accessed April 3, 2014 .
  8. ↑ In the name of their Boss, Sena goons attack IBN TV channels. Express News Service, November 21, 2009, accessed April 3, 2014 .
  9. ^ Sena leader admits attack on media. IBN Live, November 20, 2009, accessed April 3, 2014 .
  10. ↑ Indian activist Sudheendra Kulkarni hit by Shiv Sena ink attack. BBC News, October 12, 2015, accessed October 13, 2015 .
  11. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed on April 3, 2014 .
  12. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed on April 3, 2014 .
  13. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed on April 3, 2014 .
  14. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed on April 3, 2014 .
  15. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed on April 3, 2014 .
  16. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed on April 3, 2014 .
  17. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the 13th Lok Sabha. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed on April 3, 2014 .
  18. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed on April 3, 2014 .
  19. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed on April 3, 2014 .
  20. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed on April 3, 2014 .
  21. ↑ General Elections 2009. Press Information Bureau, Government of India, accessed April 3, 2014 .
  22. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra. (PDF) Press Information Bureau, Government of India, accessed April 3, 2014 .
  23. ^ Assembly elections 2014. The Times of India, accessed January 4, 2015 .