List of political parties in Iran
The list of political parties in Iran from the Constitutional Revolution 1906 to the present day.
From 1906 to 1979
Already during the Constitutional Revolution, the adoption of a constitution, the establishment of a parliament ( Majles ) and the associated introduction of a constitutional monarchy , parties were formed, whose members competed for seats in parliament in the upcoming elections. From the beginning of the constitutional monarchy in Iran, a multi-party system developed . However, the political parties formed a rather loose association of individuals, so that, with the exception of the communist parties, their effect on political decision-making was rather small. Only the " Communist Party of Persia " and the Communist " Tudeh Party ", which was founded as the successor party after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941 , were the only parties with a high degree of organization as tightly run cadre parties.
As part of his reform projects, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi attempted in 1960 to establish a two-party system modeled on the USA. Prime Minister Manutschehr Eghbal launched the more conservative Melliyune (Nationalist Party), while Asadollah Alam founded the Mardom Party (People's Party). However, after a third party, the National Front , unexpectedly applied in the elections for the 20th legislative period, there was massive election fraud in favor of his party with the approval of Prime Minister Eghbal, so that the elections were later canceled and the parliament dissolved. With the establishment of the " New Iran " (Iran Novin) party by Hassan Ali Mansur , which immediately won a majority in parliament, a two-party system emerged, with the Iran Novin party holding the majority of the seats and the Mardom party as Minority party acted.
After the Mardom party had never succeeded in gaining a majority of the seats in all these years, the two parties were merged to form the Rastachiz Movement (Awakening Movement) by order of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in 1975 . The Rastachiz movement turned out to be a complete failure, so that in 1977 the Shah initiated a political liberalization that was known as the “ Open Political Space ”. All parties that wanted to run should be allowed to participate in the upcoming parliamentary elections. The Tudeh party was an exception and remained banned. These elections, planned for 1979, did not take place because the existing constitution was repealed as part of the Islamic Revolution .
Abbreviation | Name of the party | Party presidency | founding | politics | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
KPI | Communist Party of Iran | Heidar Amu Oghly | 1920 | Marxist-Leninist | Banned in 1931 |
Radical Party (Hezb-e Radical) | Ali-Akbar Davar | 1921 | nationally oriented reform party | ||
Democrats | Ahmad Qavam | 1921 | conservative-national | The Democrats re-established in 1906 | |
Tudeh | Tudeh Party of Iran | Ali Tschavari | 1941 | Marxist-Leninist | Banned in 1949 after an assassination attempt on Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi |
Paniranist Party | Mohsen Pezeschkpur, Alinaghi Alikhani , Bijan Forouhar and Dariush Homayoun | 1941 | nationalist | ||
JM | National front | Adib Borumand | 1947 | Multi-party organization | only tolerated today |
Workers' Party | Mozaffar Baqai | 1950 | social democratic reform party | ||
Melliyune (Nationalist Party) | Manutschehr Eghbal | 1960 | national-conservative | ||
Mardom | Asadollah Alam | 1960 | reform-oriented people's party | Dissolved in 1975 in favor of Rastachiz | |
IN | Iran Novin | Hassan Ali Mansur | 1962 | reform-oriented | Dissolved in 1975 in favor of Rastachiz |
NAI | Iranian freedom movement | Ebrahim Yazdi | 1961 | Islam-oriented reform party | only tolerated today |
Rastachiz | Rastachiz | Amir Abbas Hoveyda | 1975 | national reform-oriented | banned in the course of the Islamic Revolution |
JRM | Association of the fighting clergy | Mohammed Reza Mahdavi-Kani | since 1977 | clerical-conservative | one of the largest parties |
After 1979
Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic on April 1, 1979, there have been a large number of parties with fluctuating political influence. In the Madschles Schoraye Eslami , parties are represented by direct election. These parties also play a decisive role in the directly elected commission of experts and in the presidential election, which is also direct in contrast to the election of the Federal Chancellor, as the 2009 presidential election showed. There are currently 223 political parties and organizations authorized to conduct business under the constitution.
Political groups in parliament
The parties in the Iranian parliament are divided into factional communities of the principled , the critical conservatives and the reformers . In addition, independent representatives of the Armenian minority and representatives of religious groups ( Chaldean and Assyrian Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians ) have been members of the Iranian parliament since the Constitutional Revolution in 1905. The following list contains currently represented parties, their party chairmen, year of foundation and political orientation.
Biggest parties
Abbreviation | Name of the party | Party presidency | founding | politics |
---|---|---|---|---|
JEM | Islamic Society of Engineers | Mohammad Reza Bahonar | 1988 | conservative |
PII | Participation front of Islamic Iran | Mohsen Mirdamadi | 1997 | reform-oriented |
HEM | National Trust Party | Mehdi Karroubi | 2005 | reform-oriented |
HKS | Party of Reconstruction | Gholamhossein Karbastschi | 1996 | reform-oriented |
There are also other political currents such as Ansare Hezbollah .
Parties banned in Iran
Abbreviation | Name of the party | Party presidency | founding | politics | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NDF | National Democratic Front (Iran) | Hedayatollah Matin-Daftari | 1979 | socially liberal, secular | |
HMI | Constitutional Party of Iran | Foad Paschai , Nader Zahedi | 1994 | Constitutional monarchy | Based in the USA |
NCRI | National Council of Resistance of Iran | Mariam Radschawi | 1981 | Islamic socialism | Based in Paris |
OVFI (M) | Organization of the People's Fedajin Iran (majority) | Behruz Chaliq | 1981 | socialist | Based in Cologne |
WPI | Workers Communist Party of Iran | Hamid Taghwai | 1991 | Communist | in exile |
PJAK | Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan | Abdul Rahman Haji Ahmadi | 2004 | communist , separatist | Sister organization of the PKK |
DPK-I | Kurdistan-Iran Democratic Party | Mamoste Abdullah Hassanzada | 1946 | Democratic socialism , federalism | Based in Paris |
See also
- Political system of Iran before 1979
- History of Iran since 1979
- Political system of Iran
- Political party
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of the parties ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.