List of political parties in Iran

The list of political parties in Iran from the Constitutional Revolution 1906 to the present day.

From 1906 to 1979

Already during the Constitutional Revolution, the adoption of a constitution, the establishment of a parliament ( Majles ) and the associated introduction of a constitutional monarchy , parties were formed, whose members competed for seats in parliament in the upcoming elections. From the beginning of the constitutional monarchy in Iran, a multi-party system developed . However, the political parties formed a rather loose association of individuals, so that, with the exception of the communist parties, their effect on political decision-making was rather small. Only the " Communist Party of Persia " and the Communist " Tudeh Party ", which was founded as the successor party after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941 , were the only parties with a high degree of organization as tightly run cadre parties.

As part of his reform projects, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi attempted in 1960 to establish a two-party system modeled on the USA. Prime Minister Manutschehr Eghbal launched the more conservative Melliyune (Nationalist Party), while Asadollah Alam founded the Mardom Party (People's Party). However, after a third party, the National Front , unexpectedly applied in the elections for the 20th legislative period, there was massive election fraud in favor of his party with the approval of Prime Minister Eghbal, so that the elections were later canceled and the parliament dissolved. With the establishment of the " New Iran " (Iran Novin) party by Hassan Ali Mansur , which immediately won a majority in parliament, a two-party system emerged, with the Iran Novin party holding the majority of the seats and the Mardom party as Minority party acted.

After the Mardom party had never succeeded in gaining a majority of the seats in all these years, the two parties were merged to form the Rastachiz Movement (Awakening Movement) by order of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in ​​1975 . The Rastachiz movement turned out to be a complete failure, so that in 1977 the Shah initiated a political liberalization that was known as the “ Open Political Space ”. All parties that wanted to run should be allowed to participate in the upcoming parliamentary elections. The Tudeh party was an exception and remained banned. These elections, planned for 1979, did not take place because the existing constitution was repealed as part of the Islamic Revolution .

Abbreviation	Name of the party	Party presidency	founding	politics	annotation
KPI	Communist Party of Iran	Heidar Amu Oghly	1920	Marxist-Leninist	Banned in 1931
	Radical Party (Hezb-e Radical)	Ali-Akbar Davar	1921	nationally oriented reform party
	Democrats	Ahmad Qavam	1921	conservative-national	The Democrats re-established in 1906
Tudeh	Tudeh Party of Iran	Ali Tschavari	1941	Marxist-Leninist	Banned in 1949 after an assassination attempt on Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
	Paniranist Party	Mohsen Pezeschkpur, Alinaghi Alikhani , Bijan Forouhar and Dariush Homayoun	1941	nationalist
JM	National front	Adib Borumand	1947	Multi-party organization	only tolerated today
	Workers' Party	Mozaffar Baqai	1950	social democratic reform party
	Melliyune (Nationalist Party)	Manutschehr Eghbal	1960	national-conservative
	Mardom	Asadollah Alam	1960	reform-oriented people's party	Dissolved in 1975 in favor of Rastachiz
IN	Iran Novin	Hassan Ali Mansur	1962	reform-oriented	Dissolved in 1975 in favor of Rastachiz
NAI	Iranian freedom movement	Ebrahim Yazdi	1961	Islam-oriented reform party	only tolerated today
Rastachiz	Rastachiz	Amir Abbas Hoveyda	1975	national reform-oriented	banned in the course of the Islamic Revolution
JRM	Association of the fighting clergy	Mohammed Reza Mahdavi-Kani	since 1977	clerical-conservative	one of the largest parties

After 1979

Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic on April 1, 1979, there have been a large number of parties with fluctuating political influence. In the Madschles Schoraye Eslami , parties are represented by direct election. These parties also play a decisive role in the directly elected commission of experts and in the presidential election, which is also direct in contrast to the election of the Federal Chancellor, as the 2009 presidential election showed. There are currently 223 political parties and organizations authorized to conduct business under the constitution.

Political groups in parliament

See also : Parliamentary Election in Iran 2012

The parties in the Iranian parliament are divided into factional communities of the principled , the critical conservatives and the reformers . In addition, independent representatives of the Armenian minority and representatives of religious groups ( Chaldean and Assyrian Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians ) have been members of the Iranian parliament since the Constitutional Revolution in 1905. The following list contains currently represented parties, their party chairmen, year of foundation and political orientation.

Biggest parties

Abbreviation	Name of the party	Party presidency	founding	politics
JEM	Islamic Society of Engineers	Mohammad Reza Bahonar	1988	conservative
PII	Participation front of Islamic Iran	Mohsen Mirdamadi	1997	reform-oriented
HEM	National Trust Party	Mehdi Karroubi	2005	reform-oriented
HKS	Party of Reconstruction	Gholamhossein Karbastschi	1996	reform-oriented

There are also other political currents such as Ansare Hezbollah .

Parties banned in Iran

Abbreviation	Name of the party	Party presidency	founding	politics	annotation
NDF	National Democratic Front (Iran)	Hedayatollah Matin-Daftari	1979	socially liberal, secular
HMI	Constitutional Party of Iran	Foad Paschai , Nader Zahedi	1994	Constitutional monarchy	Based in the USA
NCRI	National Council of Resistance of Iran	Mariam Radschawi	1981	Islamic socialism	Based in Paris
OVFI (M)	Organization of the People's Fedajin Iran (majority)	Behruz Chaliq	1981	socialist	Based in Cologne
WPI	Workers Communist Party of Iran	Hamid Taghwai	1991	Communist	in exile
PJAK	Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan	Abdul Rahman Haji Ahmadi	2004	communist , separatist	Sister organization of the PKK
DPK-I	Kurdistan-Iran Democratic Party	Mamoste Abdullah Hassanzada	1946	Democratic socialism , federalism	Based in Paris

See also

• Political system of Iran before 1979
• History of Iran since 1979
• Political system of Iran
• Political party

Web links

• Page of the Iranian Parliament

Individual evidence

1. ↑ List of the parties ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.