expert advice
The Expert Council ( Persian مجلس خبرگان رهبری Madschles-e Chobregan-e rahbari , 'Council of Experts of the Leader ') is a constitutional organ of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has the task ofelecting and monitoringthe revolutionary leader inaccordance with Article 111 of the Iranian constitution. The 86 members of the Expert Council are checkedby the Guardian Council for their compliance with the Iranian Constitution and Islamic teachings, they are allowed to vote and are elected by the people every 8 years.
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history
The Expert Council was elected for the first time on December 10, 1982 . In contrast to the government in Tehran , it has met since its first session on July 13, 1983, first in Qom , and later in the building of the former Senate of Iran . The first electoral term lasted until the election on October 8, 1990 . The next elections were held on October 23, 1998 . The election for the current fourth term took place on December 15, 2006 and was determined by the media attention and polarization between the ultra-religious Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi and the pragmatic Ali-Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani .
The Expert Council is often confused with the Expert Assembly , whose task it was to draft and ratify the Iranian Constitution on September 12, 1979.
Candidates and members
The candidates checked and approved by the Guardian Council need a reputation that is “political and social” in conformity with the Islamic Republic of Iran . Among the members are mullahs with at least the religious title Hodschatoleslam , who are suitable for political and social leadership according to Art. 109 of the constitution and have the ability to give legal opinions ( Idschtihād ).
A member of the Expert Council who is active in Germany is the head and director of the Islamic Center Hamburg , Reza Ramezani , who has been in office since April 2009 .
tasks
The council of experts meets every year for at least 5 days and then has the task of observing the leadership of the revolutionary leader in accordance with Article 111 of the constitution and of reviewing his legal obligations. In the event of illness or disregard of his duties of office, the revolutionary leader can be removed from his office by the council of experts. In fact, this is likely to be a purely academic question, as the revolutionary leader determines half of the Guardian Council and this one pre-selects the candidates for the Expert Council. The Expert Council has a seven-person "information service" whose task it is to collect information about the revolutionary leader and to prepare the meetings of the Expert Council.
On June 4, 1989, after Khomeini's death , the expert council elected Seyyed Ali Chāmene'i as the new leader of the revolution . The constitutional amendment required for this was subsequently confirmed in a referendum on July 28, 1989 .
In a hitherto unique letter to the Expert Council in August 2009, an assembly of around 700 former and current parliamentarians called for the removal of the revolutionary leader Ali Khamene'i. The MPs state that the leader of the revolution, as the highest instance, must be responsible for the actions of the police and militias after the Iranian presidential elections in 2009 and must therefore be held accountable. The MPs criticized the actions of the police and Basiji militias in the last few weeks of the protests after the Iranian presidential elections in 2009 and condemned the show trials that were organized in Stalinist fashion against opposition members. Likewise, the now closed Kahrisak Prison , where detained demonstrators were severely ill-treated and, in numerous cases, tortured to death, has been described as worse than the US prisons Abu Ghraib and Guantánamo .
Distribution of seats
The number of seats in the Expert Council is predetermined and also depends on the size of the provinces:
| No. | province | Number of seats |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tehrān | 16 |
| 2 | Qom | 1 |
| 3 | Markazi | 2 |
| 4th | Qazvin | 2 |
| 5 | Gilan | 4th |
| 6th | Ardabil | 2 |
| 7th | Zanjan | 1 |
| 8th | East Azerbaijan | 5 |
| 9 | West Azerbaijan | 3 |
| 10 | Kordestān | 2 |
| 11 | Hamadān | 2 |
| 12 | Kermanshah | 2 |
| 13 | Ilam | 1 |
| 14th | Lorestān | 2 |
| 15th | Chūzestān | 6th |
| 16 | Tschahār Mahāl and Bakhtiyāri | 1 |
| 17th | Kohgiluye and Boyer Ahmad | 1 |
| 18th | Bushehr | 1 |
| 19th | Fars | 5 |
| 20th | Hormozgān | 1 |
| 21st | Sistan and Balochistan | 2 |
| 22nd | Kermān | 3 |
| 23 | Yazd | 1 |
| 24 | Esfahan | 5 |
| 25th | Semnān | 1 |
| 26th | Māzandarān | 4th |
| 27 | Golestan | 2 |
| 28 | North Khorasan | 1 |
| 29 | Razavi Khorasan | 6th |
| 30th | South Khorasan | 1 |
| 86 |
See also
literature
- Hans-Georg Ebert, Henner Fürtig , Hans-Georg Müller: The Islamic Republic of Iran . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1987.
- Wilfried Buchta: Who Rules Iran? The Structure of Power in the Islamic Republic . Brookings Institution, US December 2001.
Web links
- Official website (Persian)
- The expert in the Iranian Constitution (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Wahied Wahdat-Hagh : The Islamic Republic of Iran. Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-8258-6781-1 , p. 259 ff
- ↑ Parliamentarians call for the removal of taz.de from August 16, 2009
- ↑ Understanding Iran's Assembly of Experts ( Memento of June 30, 2007) Policy Brief # 1 of Durham University , 2006, (English; PDF file; 297 kB), accessed on February 14
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Islamic Republic of Iran (since 1979) |