List of political parties in Israel

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Political life in Israel is characterized by a wide variety of parties , which reflects the abundance of differences in interests and opinions. The existing proportional representation also contributed to this with its very low threshold of 1%. It was increased to 1.5% in 1992, to 2.0% from 2006 and finally to 3.25% in 2014. This low hurdle allows even small political groups to enter the Knesset .

Due to the diversity of parties, divisions, mergers, bloc formation and electoral alliances are not uncommon in Israeli politics, even for a very short time.

In addition to the division into conservative , liberal , socialist , communist and nationalist parties, which is also common in other democracies , there are religious parties in Israel, often divided into Sephardic and Ashkenazi . In addition, there are the parties of the Arab minority in Israel and parties that target a certain Jewish immigration group, e.g. B. from Yemen or the former Soviet Union .

Parties to the 21st Knesset

Distribution of seats in the 21st Knesset
           
A total of 120 seats

see diagram on the right

Parties of the 20th Knesset

Parties in the Knesset

logo Political party Political orientation Knesset * 1) comment
Achi (party) Right-wing conservative, Zionist 2006-2009
Achrayut credibility Liberal 2003-2006 Split from Likud, renamed Kadima
Achva 1977-1981 Breakaway from the Democratic Party for Change, became part of Likud
Agudat Jisra'el Religious Ashkenazi 1951-2006 "Unification Israel", was founded in 1912 by German Jews.
AhdutHaAvoda.png Achdut haAwoda - Poalei Tzion Socialist 1951-1965 “Labor union”, split off from the Mapai in 1946, merging with the Avoda
Alia National 1996-1999 Split from Israel Be`aliya, merging with Israel Beitenu
General Zionists.png General Zionists Liberal Zionist 1949-1961 Founded in 1931, association with the Liberal Party
At the Echad Socialist 1996-2006 Split from Avoda
Arab Democratic Party Socialist Arabic 1984-1996 Split away from the Awoda, close to the PLO, became part of the United Arab List
Arab list of Bedouins + sedentary people Socialist Arabic 1973-1977 Became part of the United Arab List
Arab Party for Renewal (Ta-al) Socialist Arabic 1999-2006 Secession from the Balad, became part of the United Arab List
Atid 1992-1996 Split from the Yi'u
HaAvoda Logo.svg Avoda Socialist, social democratic 1968– "Labor Party" emerged from the Mapai
Balad-logo.jpg Balad Left-national Arabic 1996– “National Democratic Alliance”, Arab Party
Hadash-logo.jpg Chadash Communist 1973– “Democratic List for Peace and Equality”, Arab-Jewish Party
Cherut Conservative national 1949-1965 “Freedom” became part of the Gachal, which in turn later became part of the Likud
Herut-NM.png Cherut Conservative national 1996-2003
Dash Conservative 1977-1981 "Democratic change movement", its chairman was Professor Jigael Jadin
Degel haTora Religious Ashkenazi 1988-2009 "Banner of the Torah," part of United Torah Judaism
Democratic list of Israeli Arabs Socialist Arabic 1951-1959 Associated with the Mapai
Democratic offer 1999-2003 Split from Israel Be`aliya
The 3rd way 1992-1999 right split from Avoda
The right way 2006-2009 1-member party, splitting off from Gil
One Israel Socialist 1999-2003 Electoral alliance made up of Awoda, Gesher and Meimad
Renewed national-religious Zionism National-religious 2003-2006 Split from Mafdal (National Religious Party) in 2005
Flatto-Sharon 1977-1981 1-member party
Free Center Party Liberal 1965-1977
Gahal-Logo.png Gachal National Liberal 1961-1973 Merger of Cherut and Liberal Party, part of Likud from 1973
Gescher Conservative 1992-2003 Founded by David Levy
Geulate Israel 1988-1992 1-member party, split from Agudat Yisrael
Gil - Gimla'ei Israel LaKnesset 2006-2009 Retirees party
Haatzma'ut 2009-2013 Spin-off from Awoda in May 2011
Habajit Hajehudi.png HaBajit haJehudi ( Jewish home ) National religious 2009– Merger of Mafdal (National Religious Party) with Moledet and Tkuma
Habayit Haleumi Secular 2003-2006 Arose from the secular faction
HaChasit haDatit haMe'uchedet Religious 1949-1951 United Religious Front
Logo of HaYamin HeHadash.svg HaJamin HeChadash National Conservative 2019–
Ha-olam Hazeh-Koah, Chadash Socialist-Communist 1965-1973 Founded by Uri Avneri , after splitting it is now called Meri
Hakla'ut Ufitua Socialist Arabic 1951-1961 "Agriculture and Development", associated with the Mapai
HaMisrachi National religious 1951-1955 Founded in 1902, has been part of Mafdal (National Religious Party) since 1956
HaPo'el haMisrachi Religious-Zionist 1951-1955 was founded in Jerusalem in 1922, has been part of the Mafdal (National Religious Party) since 1956
HaSi'a haDrusit haJisra'elit 1965-1969 Druze party, split from Shituf Veahva.
Hatnuah logo.svg Ha-Tnu'a Liberal 2013– Split from Kadima
Hitachdut HaTeimanim beJisra'el 1949-1955 Yemeni Association in Israel
Ichud Leumi - Mafdal National religious 2006-2009 Mafdal (National Religious Party) and National Union joint Knesset faction
Israel in the center Liberal 1996-1999 Split from Awoda and the Likud-Gesher-Tzomet alliance
YeshAtidLogo.svg Yesh Atid Liberal 2013–
Yisrael agate 1977-1981 An Israel, 1 member party
Yisra'el ba-Aliyah National 1996-2006 Party of Russian Immigrants, became part of Likud
Israel-beytenu-logo.svg Jisra'el Beitenu National 1999– Russian Immigrants Party
Ji'ud National 1992-1996 Split from Tzomet
Kach-Logo.svg Kach Right-wing extremist 1984-1988 Founded in 1973, banned from elections in 1988, banned in 1994
Logo Kadima.svg Kadima Liberal 2003-2015 Spin-off from Likud dissolved on November 23, 2005, 2015
Kidma Va`avodah Socialist Arabic 1951-1955 Associated with the Mapai
Kidma wePituach Arabic 1959-1977 Associated with Mapai and Awoda, became part of the United Arab. list
KulanuNew.svg Kulanu Socially conservative 2015– Split from Likud
Labor - Meimad Socialist 1999-2009 Parliamentary group split again
Libralim Atzma'im Liberal 1961-1981 Self-employed liberals
Likud Logo.svg Likud Conservative national 1973– Merger of Gahal and three national parties, in 2005 the Kadima split off.
MAFDAL001.png Mafdal (National Religious Party) Religious-national 1955-2006
Maki Logo.svg Maki Communist 1949-1973 Founded in 1948. Leading a shadowy existence in the Knesset, became part of the Hadash .
Mapai Socialist, social democratic 1949-1968 Mifleget Poalei Yisrael, Israeli Labor Movement, founded in 1930, was incorporated into the Avoda.
Mapam Socialist 1949-1992 Mifleget Ha-Po'alim Ha-Me'ukhdet - United Party of Workers, Associated with the kibbutz movement and the Histiadrut, became part of the Shinui
Mehaney Smol LeYisrael (Left Camp of Israel, Scheli for short) Socialist 1977-1981 Alliance of Moked, Meri and other groups
Meimad Social democratic religious 2006-2009 Founded in 1988, part of Ein Israel and Labor-Meimad
Newmovemeretz.gif Meretz Socialist 1988–2003, 2009–
Newmovemeretz.gif Meretz-Jachad Socialist 2003-2009 Merger of Yachad and parts of the Meretz block
Libralit-Logo.png Miflaga Liberalit Jisra'elit Liberal 1959-1965
Progressivit.png Miflaga Progresivit Liberal 1949-1961 Progressive party
Moked Socialist-Zionist 1969-1977 Split from Maki, became part of Sheli
Moked National-religious 1984-1988 Has been renamed Poalei Agudat Yisrael
Moledet National 1988-1999, 2006-2009
Moria 1988-1992 One-member party, split from the Shas
National Arab list National Arabic 1999-2003 Split from the United Arab List
National list 1969-1973, 1977-1981 Founded by David Ben Gurion , split several times
National Union (Ichud Leumi) National 1999-2006, 2009-running.
Newmovemeretz.gif New movement - Meretz Socialist 2009– Union of Meretz and New Movement
Ometz National 1984-1988 Became part of Likud
Party for National Renewal National 1977-1984 Split from Likud , broke up again
Social Renewal Party 1981-1984
Poalei Agudat Jisra'el Religious workers party 1951-1981 Raised in Agudat Jisra'el
Progressive Party for Peace Arabic-Jewish 1984-1992 Was no longer elected to the 13th Knesset
Ra`am - Ta`al Arabic 2006– The United Arab List and the Arab Party for Renewal merge.
Rafi.svg Rafi 1961-1969, 1977-1984 Was founded by David Ben Gurion
Rakah Communist 1961-1977 Split from Maki
Ratz Civil rights movement 1973-1992 Became part of the Meretz block, since 1997 independent again
Reschima Demokratit schel Natzrat Arabic 1949-1951 Democratic List Nazareth
Reshimat HaLohmim National 1949-1951
Secular Zionists Secular-liberal 2003-2006
Schas Religious Sephardic 1984– Sepharadim Shomeri Torah, Party of Sephardic and Oriental Immigrants
Black panthers 1988-1992 Split from Chadash, Social Protest Movement
Schinui Liberal-secular 1977-1992, 1996-1999 Was part of the Meretz block
Schinui - The Secular Movement Liberal-secular 1999-2006 Was absorbed in the secular faction
Schituf weAchwa Socialist Arabic 1959-1973
Schituf VePituah 1965-1969 1 member party
Sfaradim VeEdot Misrach 1949-1955 Party of the Sephardim and Mizrahim
Shlomtzion Conservative 1977-1981 Founded by Ariel Sharon, merged with the Cherut and became part of the Likud.
Social Democratic Group Socialist, social democratic 1973-1977 Break away from the Ya`ad
Tami Religious 1981-1988 Sephardic, split from the National Religious Party, lost many members to the Shas.
Tehija National 1981-1992 "Resurrection", split off from Likud in 1979, dissolved again in 1992 after the failure of the threshold clause
Tehija-Bnai 1977-1981
Tkuma Religious-nationalistic 1996-1999 Became part of Ichud Hale`umi
Tzomet National 1984-1999 Was founded by Rafael Eitan in 1983
Union Party 1977-1981
United Arab List Arabic 1973-1981 Amalgamation of Kidma Vepituah and the Arab. List for Bedouins and sedentary people
United Arab List Arabic 1996-2006 Also Ra'am, the union of the Arab Democratic Party and the Islamic Movement Israel.
United Torah Front Religious 1955-1961, 1973-1977 Party alliance from Agudat Israel and Po`alei Agudat Israel
United Torah Judaism Religious Ashkenazi 1992– Also Yahadut haTora, electoral alliance from Agudat Israel and Degel haTora
Joint List logo.png United list Arabic 2015– Electoral alliance made up of Balad , Chadash , Ta'al and the United Arab List .
Wizo 1949-1951 Party of the Women's International Zionist Organization
Ya`ad 1977-1981 1-member party, split from Dash.
Yahad-84.png Yachad Socialist 1984-1988 Founded by Ezer Weizmann , merged with Awoda
Yamin Israel National 1995-1996 One member party
Merkazi-Logo.png Mifleget ha-Merkas center 1999-2003 Party of the center
Zionism Liberalism Equality Liberal Zionist 2015-2019 Zionism, Liberalism, Equality; One-member party, split from Shinui in 2005
Zionist Union.svg Zionist Union Social liberal 2015-2019 Electoral alliance of Avoda and Ha-Tnu'a ; canceled on January 1, 2019

* 1) The full legislative period is always given, even if a party was founded later or dissolved again beforehand.
(all information from the parliamentary group list of the Knesset, unless otherwise referenced)

Other parties

Other parties that were previously not represented in the Knesset because they could not skip the threshold clause in the elections .

Political youth movements

Web link

Individual evidence

  1. a b Factional and Government Make-Up of the Sixteenth Knesset. Knesset , accessed December 31, 2010 .
  2. ^ All Parliamentary Groups. Knesset, accessed December 31, 2010 .