List of political parties in Israel
Political life in Israel is characterized by a wide variety of parties , which reflects the abundance of differences in interests and opinions. The existing proportional representation also contributed to this with its very low threshold of 1%. It was increased to 1.5% in 1992, to 2.0% from 2006 and finally to 3.25% in 2014. This low hurdle allows even small political groups to enter the Knesset .
Due to the diversity of parties, divisions, mergers, bloc formation and electoral alliances are not uncommon in Israeli politics, even for a very short time.
In addition to the division into conservative , liberal , socialist , communist and nationalist parties, which is also common in other democracies , there are religious parties in Israel, often divided into Sephardic and Ashkenazi . In addition, there are the parties of the Arab minority in Israel and parties that target a certain Jewish immigration group, e.g. B. from Yemen or the former Soviet Union .
Parties to the 21st Knesset
see diagram on the right
Parties of the 20th Knesset
- Likud
- Zionist Union
- United list
- Yesh Atid
- Kulanu
- HaBajit ha Jehudi
- Schas
- Jisra'el Beitenu
- United Torah Judaism
- Meretz
Parties in the Knesset
logo | Political party | Political orientation | Knesset * 1) | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Achi (party) | Right-wing conservative, Zionist | 2006-2009 | ||
Achrayut credibility | Liberal | 2003-2006 | Split from Likud, renamed Kadima | |
Achva | 1977-1981 | Breakaway from the Democratic Party for Change, became part of Likud | ||
Agudat Jisra'el | Religious Ashkenazi | 1951-2006 | "Unification Israel", was founded in 1912 by German Jews. | |
Achdut haAwoda - Poalei Tzion | Socialist | 1951-1965 | “Labor union”, split off from the Mapai in 1946, merging with the Avoda | |
Alia | National | 1996-1999 | Split from Israel Be`aliya, merging with Israel Beitenu | |
General Zionists | Liberal Zionist | 1949-1961 | Founded in 1931, association with the Liberal Party | |
At the Echad | Socialist | 1996-2006 | Split from Avoda | |
Arab Democratic Party | Socialist Arabic | 1984-1996 | Split away from the Awoda, close to the PLO, became part of the United Arab List | |
Arab list of Bedouins + sedentary people | Socialist Arabic | 1973-1977 | Became part of the United Arab List | |
Arab Party for Renewal (Ta-al) | Socialist Arabic | 1999-2006 | Secession from the Balad, became part of the United Arab List | |
Atid | 1992-1996 | Split from the Yi'u | ||
Avoda | Socialist, social democratic | 1968– | "Labor Party" emerged from the Mapai | |
Balad | Left-national Arabic | 1996– | “National Democratic Alliance”, Arab Party | |
Chadash | Communist | 1973– | “Democratic List for Peace and Equality”, Arab-Jewish Party | |
Cherut | Conservative national | 1949-1965 | “Freedom” became part of the Gachal, which in turn later became part of the Likud | |
Cherut | Conservative national | 1996-2003 | ||
Dash | Conservative | 1977-1981 | "Democratic change movement", its chairman was Professor Jigael Jadin | |
Degel haTora | Religious Ashkenazi | 1988-2009 | "Banner of the Torah," part of United Torah Judaism | |
Democratic list of Israeli Arabs | Socialist Arabic | 1951-1959 | Associated with the Mapai | |
Democratic offer | 1999-2003 | Split from Israel Be`aliya | ||
The 3rd way | 1992-1999 | right split from Avoda | ||
The right way | 2006-2009 | 1-member party, splitting off from Gil | ||
One Israel | Socialist | 1999-2003 | Electoral alliance made up of Awoda, Gesher and Meimad | |
Renewed national-religious Zionism | National-religious | 2003-2006 | Split from Mafdal (National Religious Party) in 2005 | |
Flatto-Sharon | 1977-1981 | 1-member party | ||
Free Center Party | Liberal | 1965-1977 | ||
Gachal | National Liberal | 1961-1973 | Merger of Cherut and Liberal Party, part of Likud from 1973 | |
Gescher | Conservative | 1992-2003 | Founded by David Levy | |
Geulate Israel | 1988-1992 | 1-member party, split from Agudat Yisrael | ||
Gil - Gimla'ei Israel LaKnesset | 2006-2009 | Retirees party | ||
Haatzma'ut | 2009-2013 | Spin-off from Awoda in May 2011 | ||
HaBajit haJehudi ( Jewish home ) | National religious | 2009– | Merger of Mafdal (National Religious Party) with Moledet and Tkuma | |
Habayit Haleumi | Secular | 2003-2006 | Arose from the secular faction | |
HaChasit haDatit haMe'uchedet | Religious | 1949-1951 | United Religious Front | |
HaJamin HeChadash | National Conservative | 2019– | ||
Ha-olam Hazeh-Koah, Chadash | Socialist-Communist | 1965-1973 | Founded by Uri Avneri , after splitting it is now called Meri | |
Hakla'ut Ufitua | Socialist Arabic | 1951-1961 | "Agriculture and Development", associated with the Mapai | |
HaMisrachi | National religious | 1951-1955 | Founded in 1902, has been part of Mafdal (National Religious Party) since 1956 | |
HaPo'el haMisrachi | Religious-Zionist | 1951-1955 | was founded in Jerusalem in 1922, has been part of the Mafdal (National Religious Party) since 1956 | |
HaSi'a haDrusit haJisra'elit | 1965-1969 | Druze party, split from Shituf Veahva. | ||
Ha-Tnu'a | Liberal | 2013– | Split from Kadima | |
Hitachdut HaTeimanim beJisra'el | 1949-1955 | Yemeni Association in Israel | ||
Ichud Leumi - Mafdal | National religious | 2006-2009 | Mafdal (National Religious Party) and National Union joint Knesset faction | |
Israel in the center | Liberal | 1996-1999 | Split from Awoda and the Likud-Gesher-Tzomet alliance | |
Yesh Atid | Liberal | 2013– | ||
Yisrael agate | 1977-1981 | An Israel, 1 member party | ||
Yisra'el ba-Aliyah | National | 1996-2006 | Party of Russian Immigrants, became part of Likud | |
Jisra'el Beitenu | National | 1999– | Russian Immigrants Party | |
Ji'ud | National | 1992-1996 | Split from Tzomet | |
Kach | Right-wing extremist | 1984-1988 | Founded in 1973, banned from elections in 1988, banned in 1994 | |
Kadima | Liberal | 2003-2015 | Spin-off from Likud dissolved on November 23, 2005, 2015 | |
Kidma Va`avodah | Socialist Arabic | 1951-1955 | Associated with the Mapai | |
Kidma wePituach | Arabic | 1959-1977 | Associated with Mapai and Awoda, became part of the United Arab. list | |
Kulanu | Socially conservative | 2015– | Split from Likud | |
Labor - Meimad | Socialist | 1999-2009 | Parliamentary group split again | |
Libralim Atzma'im | Liberal | 1961-1981 | Self-employed liberals | |
Likud | Conservative national | 1973– | Merger of Gahal and three national parties, in 2005 the Kadima split off. | |
Mafdal (National Religious Party) | Religious-national | 1955-2006 | ||
Maki | Communist | 1949-1973 | Founded in 1948. Leading a shadowy existence in the Knesset, became part of the Hadash . | |
Mapai | Socialist, social democratic | 1949-1968 | Mifleget Poalei Yisrael, Israeli Labor Movement, founded in 1930, was incorporated into the Avoda. | |
Mapam | Socialist | 1949-1992 | Mifleget Ha-Po'alim Ha-Me'ukhdet - United Party of Workers, Associated with the kibbutz movement and the Histiadrut, became part of the Shinui | |
Mehaney Smol LeYisrael (Left Camp of Israel, Scheli for short) | Socialist | 1977-1981 | Alliance of Moked, Meri and other groups | |
Meimad | Social democratic religious | 2006-2009 | Founded in 1988, part of Ein Israel and Labor-Meimad | |
Meretz | Socialist | 1988–2003, 2009– | ||
Meretz-Jachad | Socialist | 2003-2009 | Merger of Yachad and parts of the Meretz block | |
Miflaga Liberalit Jisra'elit | Liberal | 1959-1965 | ||
Miflaga Progresivit | Liberal | 1949-1961 | Progressive party | |
Moked | Socialist-Zionist | 1969-1977 | Split from Maki, became part of Sheli | |
Moked | National-religious | 1984-1988 | Has been renamed Poalei Agudat Yisrael | |
Moledet | National | 1988-1999, 2006-2009 | ||
Moria | 1988-1992 | One-member party, split from the Shas | ||
National Arab list | National Arabic | 1999-2003 | Split from the United Arab List | |
National list | 1969-1973, 1977-1981 | Founded by David Ben Gurion , split several times | ||
National Union (Ichud Leumi) | National | 1999-2006, 2009-running. | ||
New movement - Meretz | Socialist | 2009– | Union of Meretz and New Movement | |
Ometz | National | 1984-1988 | Became part of Likud | |
Party for National Renewal | National | 1977-1984 | Split from Likud , broke up again | |
Social Renewal Party | 1981-1984 | |||
Poalei Agudat Jisra'el | Religious workers party | 1951-1981 | Raised in Agudat Jisra'el | |
Progressive Party for Peace | Arabic-Jewish | 1984-1992 | Was no longer elected to the 13th Knesset | |
Ra`am - Ta`al | Arabic | 2006– | The United Arab List and the Arab Party for Renewal merge. | |
Rafi | 1961-1969, 1977-1984 | Was founded by David Ben Gurion | ||
Rakah | Communist | 1961-1977 | Split from Maki | |
Ratz | Civil rights movement | 1973-1992 | Became part of the Meretz block, since 1997 independent again | |
Reschima Demokratit schel Natzrat | Arabic | 1949-1951 | Democratic List Nazareth | |
Reshimat HaLohmim | National | 1949-1951 | ||
Secular Zionists | Secular-liberal | 2003-2006 | ||
Schas | Religious Sephardic | 1984– | Sepharadim Shomeri Torah, Party of Sephardic and Oriental Immigrants | |
Black panthers | 1988-1992 | Split from Chadash, Social Protest Movement | ||
Schinui | Liberal-secular | 1977-1992, 1996-1999 | Was part of the Meretz block | |
Schinui - The Secular Movement | Liberal-secular | 1999-2006 | Was absorbed in the secular faction | |
Schituf weAchwa | Socialist Arabic | 1959-1973 | ||
Schituf VePituah | 1965-1969 | 1 member party | ||
Sfaradim VeEdot Misrach | 1949-1955 | Party of the Sephardim and Mizrahim | ||
Shlomtzion | Conservative | 1977-1981 | Founded by Ariel Sharon, merged with the Cherut and became part of the Likud. | |
Social Democratic Group | Socialist, social democratic | 1973-1977 | Break away from the Ya`ad | |
Tami | Religious | 1981-1988 | Sephardic, split from the National Religious Party, lost many members to the Shas. | |
Tehija | National | 1981-1992 | "Resurrection", split off from Likud in 1979, dissolved again in 1992 after the failure of the threshold clause | |
Tehija-Bnai | 1977-1981 | |||
Tkuma | Religious-nationalistic | 1996-1999 | Became part of Ichud Hale`umi | |
Tzomet | National | 1984-1999 | Was founded by Rafael Eitan in 1983 | |
Union Party | 1977-1981 | |||
United Arab List | Arabic | 1973-1981 | Amalgamation of Kidma Vepituah and the Arab. List for Bedouins and sedentary people | |
United Arab List | Arabic | 1996-2006 | Also Ra'am, the union of the Arab Democratic Party and the Islamic Movement Israel. | |
United Torah Front | Religious | 1955-1961, 1973-1977 | Party alliance from Agudat Israel and Po`alei Agudat Israel | |
United Torah Judaism | Religious Ashkenazi | 1992– | Also Yahadut haTora, electoral alliance from Agudat Israel and Degel haTora | |
United list | Arabic | 2015– | Electoral alliance made up of Balad , Chadash , Ta'al and the United Arab List . | |
Wizo | 1949-1951 | Party of the Women's International Zionist Organization | ||
Ya`ad | 1977-1981 | 1-member party, split from Dash. | ||
Yachad | Socialist | 1984-1988 | Founded by Ezer Weizmann , merged with Awoda | |
Yamin Israel | National | 1995-1996 | One member party | |
Mifleget ha-Merkas | center | 1999-2003 | Party of the center | |
Zionism Liberalism Equality | Liberal Zionist | 2015-2019 | Zionism, Liberalism, Equality; One-member party, split from Shinui in 2005 | |
Zionist Union | Social liberal | 2015-2019 | Electoral alliance of Avoda and Ha-Tnu'a ; canceled on January 1, 2019 |
* 1) The full legislative period is always given, even if a party was founded later or dissolved again beforehand.
(all information from the parliamentary group list of the Knesset, unless otherwise referenced)
Other parties
Other parties that were previously not represented in the Knesset because they could not skip the threshold clause in the elections .
- Ale Jarok ("green leaf")
- Bechira Democrat
- haJerukim ( Green Party )
- haOlam haZeh
- Noam
- Otzma Jehudit
- Piratim
Political youth movements
- Betar (associated with Likud )
- Bne Akiwa (associated with the National Religious Party )
- Hashomer Hatzair (Zionist-Socialist Youth Movement)
- Histadrut ha-No'ar ha-Owed we-ha-Lomed (Zionist socialist youth movement)
- Noar Awoda (associated with the Labor Party )
- Noar Moledet (associated with Moledet )
- Noar Yachad (associated with Meretz )
Web link
- Tsafrir Cohen: Israel before the elections: The hegemony of the right-wing camp . In: Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Israel Office. March 22, 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Factional and Government Make-Up of the Sixteenth Knesset. Knesset , accessed December 31, 2010 .
- ^ All Parliamentary Groups. Knesset, accessed December 31, 2010 .