Likud

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Likud
Likud logo
Portrait of Benjamin Netanyahu.jpg
Party leader Benjamin Netanyahu
founding 1973 (as an alliance)
1988 (as a party)
Headquarters “Metzudat Ze'ev”, 38 King George Street, Tel Aviv-Jaffa , Israel
Alignment Conservatism
National Conservatism
National
Liberalism Right Conservatism
Zionism
Colours) blue
Parliament seats
36/120
( 2020 )
European party EKR (regional partner )
Website www.likud.org.il

The Likud ( Hebrew ליכוד"Union"), official name: Likud - National Liberal Movement, is the largest conservative party in Israel . It emerged from a block of parties formed in 1973 that merged to form the Likud party in 1988. A member of the Likud is known as a "Likudnik".

story

The origins of Likud are the nationalist party Cherut, founded in 1948 (חירות"Freedom"), whose chairman was Menachem Begin from its inception until 1983 , as well as the bourgeois Liberal Party . While the Cherut emerged ideologically from Revisionist Zionism , the Liberals emerged from general Zionism .

In 1965, the two parties initially merged loosely and formed the GaCHaL (Gusch Cherut-Liberalim / Freedom-Liberal Block). Some predominantly German-speaking Jews split off and founded the Libralim Atzma'im party (Independent Liberals).

Before the Knesset elections in 1973, Ariel Sharon , who had just retired from the army, formed the Likud Bloc from the merger of the Gachal with smaller right-wing parties in order to establish a bourgeois counterweight to the Maarach Bloc led by the Avoda .

In the 1977 elections, the Likud Bloc became the strongest faction and took over government responsibility for the first time with Menachem Begin as prime minister. In 1983 Yitzchak Shamir became the head of the party. In the following year, 1984, the Likud formed a government of "national unity" with the Labor Party for the first time and in 1986 appointed the prime minister as part of the " Israeli solution ".

In 1988 Herut and the Liberal Party ended their bloc constellation and united to form the Likud Party, officially called the Likud National Liberal Movement.

From 1990 to 1992 Shamir ruled in a coalition with right-wing and religious parties. Benjamin Netanyahu was Prime Minister from 1996 to 1999 . After the failure of the talks at Camp David and Taba and the start of the second Intifada in September 2000, Ariel Sharon, a Likud politician, was again elected Prime Minister in February 2001 .

In November 2005, the Prime Minister and Likud Chairman Ariel Sharon founded the centrist Kadima . This was preceded by a month-long dispute with the party opponent Netanyahu and other Likud members over the withdrawal from the Gaza Strip .

This split severely weakened the Likud in the Knesset elections on March 28, 2006, so that it fell from 40 to 12 seats. This meant that Likud was no longer the largest group, but the fourth largest group after Kadima, Avoda and Shas and just ahead of Israel Beitenu . However, after a recent escalation of the conflict with the Palestinians , the Likud's uncompromising policy became popular again, contrary to the position of Prime Minister Ehud Olmert , and in the early parliamentary elections of 2009 he received 22 percent of the vote and 27 seats, making it the second largest faction in the Knesset just behind the Kadima. Since then, Benjamin Netanyahu has led a coalition government with nationalist and religious parties.

In the Knesset elections on April 9, 2019 , Dima Taja was the first Muslim woman to run for the Likud list.

Political classification and program

The Likud Party's program is shaped by national-conservative principles.

Thus the Likud sees it as its duty to cultivate and preserve the unity of the Jewish people, to deepen the Jewish and Zionist education and to prevent the assimilation of Jewish youth in the world. The right of the Jewish people to the land of Israel is an eternal right that cannot be challenged. The existence of Israel as an independent Jewish state in the Middle East comes first. Therefore, the various security considerations are given top priority.

The Likud is traditionally chosen by the poorer population groups who inhabit the poorer districts of the big cities and the developing cities on the outskirts of the country and who have immigrated mostly from the Arab countries of Asia and Africa . Since many politicians of this group consider the Jewish settlements to be part of historical Israel ( Eretz Israel ) , the expansion of these areas in the West Bank was advocated. In contrast, the Likud was ideologically less determined with regard to the return of Sinai , which resulted in the conclusion of the Camp David Agreement in 1978 and the peace treaty with Egypt in 1979, which included the return of this peninsula to Egypt.

According to the program, the establishment of a Palestinian- Arab state west of the Jordan is rejected. Furthermore, Jerusalem was the eternal, indivisible capital of Israel, and the government would work to increase the number of Jewish homes in East Jerusalem , as well as to ensure the well-being and safety of Arab residents. The basic program of May 2014 is more vague and ambiguous on these issues. The commitment to strengthening the Israeli settlements is still emphasized, but the establishment of a Palestinian state is not explicitly excluded. This idea is reflected in point seven of the nation state law passed in 2018 .

In December 2017, Likud spoke out in favor of annexing parts of the West Bank. In the absence of party leader Netanyahu, the Likud Central Committee passed a resolution calling on Likud members of the Knesset to extend the "sovereignty of Israel to Judea and Samaria (West Bank)". Netanyahu himself announced new settlements in the West Bank after his re-election as party chairman in December 2019 and stated: "We will achieve US recognition of our sovereignty in the Jordan Valley and all settlements in Judea and Samaria."

Prime Minister

So far, the Likud has provided the following prime ministers :

Party leader

  • 1973–1982: Menachem Begin
  • 1983–1992: Yitzchak Shamir
  • 1993-1999: Benjamin Netanyahu
  • 1999–2005: Ariel Sharon, then left the party
  • 2005– 0000: Benjamin Netanyahu

Current Knesset members

The Likud has 30 MPs in the 20th Knesset. They are listed below in the order in which they appeared on the primaries-voted list for the 2015 general election .

Annotation:

See also

Web links

Commons : Likud  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Michael Wolffsohn , Douglas Bokovoy: Israel: History, Politics, Society, Economy (1882–2001); Springer-Verlag 2013, p. 165.
  2. ↑ Muslim politician stands by Israel. In: Israelnetz .de. January 10, 2019, accessed January 19, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Angelika Timm: Israel - Society in Transition. Leske + Budrich, Opladen / Wiesbaden 2003, p. 36;
    Margret Johannsen: The Middle East Conflict. 2nd updated edition, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2009, p. 94;
    Dennis Weiter: Constructions of the enemy in the Middle East conflict. Diplomica Verlag, Hamburg 2012, p. 23;
    Jürgen Hartmann: Religion in Politics: Judaism, Christianity, Islam. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2014, p. 45;
    Muriel Asseburg, Jan Busse: The Middle East Conflict. CH Beck Verlag, 2016, p. 33.
  4. ↑ a b The Nationalist Movement. The Likud and other right-wing parties.
  5. ↑ חוקת התנועה - הליכוד תנועה לאומית ליברלית - The Likud is a liberal national movement - The constitution of the movement. From Likud.org.il (Hebrew, PDF ; 324 kB), accessed January 23, 2019.
  6. ^ Ruling party for the annexation of parts of the West Bank. In: time online. December 31, 2017, accessed January 9, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Sara Lemel: Netanyahu announces new settlements. In: Jüdische Allgemeine. December 27, 2019, accessed January 9, 2020 .
  8. ^ Israel National News , Aug. 14, 2015.
  9. ↑ FAZ , December 24, 2015.
  10. ^ Temple Mount activist Yehuda Glick to replace Ya'alon as Knesset member. In: Haaretz . May 20, 2016, accessed July 2, 2016 .