Agudat Jisra'el
| Agudat Jisra'el in Hebrew מפלגת ״אגודת ישראל״ |
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| Party leader | Yaakov Litzman |
| founding | May 28, 1912 |
| Place of foundation | Katowice |
| newspaper | HaModia |
| Alignment | Ashkenazi ultra-orthodox Judaism ; religious conservatism , social conservatism |
| Parliament seats |
4/120 |
Agudat Jisra'el ( Hebrew מפלגת ״אגודת ישראל״), in the Ashkenazi environment Agudas Yisroel or Aguda (h) for short , is an Ashkenazi Charedic party in Israel that campaigns for the influence of the Torah and Jewish legislation ( Halacha ) in Jewish society in Israel and in the Jewish diaspora . It follows the tradition of the Agudas Israel movement founded on May 28, 1912 in Katowice , Germany . The Aguda has always rejected secular Zionism , an attitude that has not changed when it entered the political system of the State of Israel.
Political positions
According to the idea of the Agudat Jisra'el, national redemption of the Jewish people cannot be achieved through the political movement of Zionism , but only through the observance of all religious commandments anchored in the Torah ( Mitzvot ). Nevertheless, the party tries to exert the greatest possible influence on the ideological orientation of the State of Israel. The struggle against the Zionist state turned more and more into a struggle for the state of Israel within the framework of political possibilities. One of the results of this attempt was the status quo negotiated with David Ben-Gurion , which was supposed to secure the Jewish character of the Zionist state. The content of this status quo agreement included a. the assurance that the Sabbath would be anchored as a national day of rest, and that marriage and divorce jurisdiction for Jewish citizens would be reserved for rabbinical courts based on Halacha . ( Muslim , Christian, and Druze citizens of Israel are subject to their own religious courts.)
history
To strengthen its political role, the Agudat Jisra'el joined with other religious parties ( Poalei Agudat Jisra'el , Misrachi and HaPo'el haMisrachi ) in the 1949 elections to the 1st Knesset on a common electoral list, the United Religious Front , together. Due to the later dissolution of this association and the formation of other religious parties, the political weight of the Agudat Jisra'el remained relatively low until 1981, they could never win more than four parliamentary seats in elections. Nevertheless, the political conditions in Israel allowed the party to be decisive for the formation of coalitions. In 1977 the party first took part in government.
In 1983 the Sephardic supporters of the Agudat Jisra'el separated and founded the “ Shas ” party, reducing the parent party to just two seats in parliament. In 1987 the Mitnagdim wing split off and founded the Degel haTora party . The reason for the separation was a dispute between Mitnagdim and Hasidim that reached into the 18th century.
In the elections to the 14th Knesset , the United Torah-Judaism alliance of Agudat Jisra'el and Degel haTora again received four Knesset seats and was involved in Benjamin Netanyahu's government . In the coalition led by the Likud bloc, the electoral alliance took a moderate position on foreign and security policy. She was also involved in the government of Ehud Barak until 1999, but did not send a minister to the government.
literature
- Gershon Bacon: Imitation, Rejection, Cooperation. Agudat Yisrael and the Zionist Movement in Interwar Poland . In: Zvi Y. Gitelman (Ed.): The emergence of modern Jewish politics. Bundism and Zionism in Eastern Europe . PA 2003. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh 2003, ISBN 0-8229-4188-0 , pp. 85–94 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Menachem Friedman: The Structural Foundation for Religio-Political Accommodation in Israel: Fallacy and Reality . In: Ilan Troen and Noah Lucas (eds.): Israel. The first decade of independence . State University of New York Press, Albany 1995, ISBN 0-7914-2259-3 , pp. 51–81 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- Jacob Rosenheim : Agudas Jisroel . In: G. Herlitz and B. Kirschner (eds.): Jüdisches Lexikon . tape I . Berlin 1928, Sp. 124-131 .
Web links
- Agudat Yisrael. In: Parliamentary Groups. Knesset , accessed February 5, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mordecai Naor: Eretz Israel. The 20th century. Könemann, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-89508-594-4 , p. 58.