Jammu & Kashmir National Conference

The party banner of the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference is derived from the state flag of Jammu and Kashmir and shows a stylized plow

Jammu & Kashmir National Conference ( JKNC ) is a party in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir (state) (until 2019) or in the union territory of the same name .

history

British India

Mohammed Abdullah (3rd from left) with other Kashmiri activists in 1931

In October 1932, the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference was founded by Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah . The aim of this first political party in the then Indian princely state of Kashmir and Jammu was to represent the interests of the population in the absolutist ruled principality and to integrate the country into India. Contrary to the name given, the party turned not only to Muslims, but also to members of other faiths from the start. On 10/11 In June 1939, the party was therefore finally renamed from "Muslim Conference" to "National Conference". Devout Muslims then left the party and founded a new, purely Muslim party under the old name All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference .

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Treaty of Amritsar after the first Sikh war , the "Quit Kashmir" movement was launched in May 1946 by Mohammed Abdullah and the JKNC. The naming was based on the "Quit India" movement of 1942. The movement's aim was to brand the former sale of Kashmir by the British East India Company to the Raja of Jammu Gulab Singh as injustice and to request the annexation of Kashmir India. Mohammed Abdullah was then arrested with several like-minded comrades and charged with attempted coup. After massive protests in the Indian public and after his friend at the time Jawaharlal Nehru also offered to take on the defense in court, he was released in September 1947 after 16 months in prison. After the division of British India and the formation of the Muslim state of Pakistan on August 14, 1947, militants supported by Pakistan invaded Kashmir. The Maharaja of Kashmir and Jammu Hari Singh fled his residence Srinagar and signed a treaty on October 26, 1947 for the annexation of his princely state to India. As a result, Indian troops marched into Kashmir, which led to the first Indo-Pakistani war . On October 30, 1947, Mohammed Abdullah was commissioned by the Maharaja to manage state affairs in Kashmir.

After India's independence in 1947

Delegate to a Jammu and Kashmir National Conference in Srinagar in 1949

Mohammed Abdullah giving a speech in Srinagar in 1975

In the first elections to the regional parliament of Jammu and Kashmir in September 1951, the JKNC won all 75 seats with virtually no opposing candidates. Mohammed Abdullah became Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir and remained in that office until his dismissal and imprisonment on August 8, 1953. He was charged with conspiracy against the state and sentenced to 11 years in prison under the Kashmir Conspiracy Case . His successor in the office of prime minister was his previous deputy Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad , who was considered a confidante of Nehru. In February 1975, Abdullah was again Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir . The 1977 elections to the regional parliament were won by the JKNC and after Abdullah's death on September 8, 1982, he was succeeded by his son Farooq Abdullah .

In the June 1983 election, the JKNC, led by Farooq Abdullah, again received a clear majority. In July, a wing of the JKNC split off under the leadership of Farooq Abdullah's brother-in-law, Ghulam Mohammad Shah . Ultimately out of purely political power, Farooq Abdullah was dismissed by Governor Jagmohan at Indira Gandhi's instigation and Ghulam Mohammad Shah was appointed Chief Minister in his place . However, its government was also dismissed in March 1986 and the state was placed under president's rule . In the 1987 regional elections, the JKNC, which had formed an electoral alliance with the Congress Party , won a majority and Farooq was again Chief Minister. However, there were glaring irregularities in this election, so that it was widely viewed as manipulated. The election winner Farooq Abdullah was discredited in the eyes of many Kashmiris. In 1990, at the instigation of the Indian central government under VP Singh , Abdullah was again deposed because Jammu and Kashmir had fallen into a state of anarchy due to the activities of Islamic mujahideen and other militants who received logistical support from neighboring Pakistan. Jammu and Kashmir was placed under president's rule again and did not take part in the all- India parliamentary election in 1991 . In the election to the regional parliament in 1996, the Farooq-led JKNC won 57 of the 87 seats and then again provided the Chief Minister with Farooq Abdullah. Between 1998 and 2002 the JKNC joined the National Democratic Alliance , a party alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and was also represented in the coalition cabinet under Prime Minister Vajpayee . In the 2002 elections to the parliament of Jammu and Kashmir, however, she received only 28 seats, partly because this alliance with the BJP was unpopular with voters. In 2003 the JKNC terminated its alliance with the BJP.

In the December 2008 election, the JKNC, now led by Farooq's son Omar Abdullah , was the strongest party with 28 seats, ahead of the Congress party, which won 17 seats. On January 5, 2009, Omar Abdullah became Chief Minister of a coalition government. After the election, the JKNC joined the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) led by the Congress party . In the parliamentary elections in India in 2009 , the JKNC received almost 500,000 votes (0.12% of all Indian votes) and thus won 3 of the 6 constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir. Farooq Abdullah then became Minister for New and Renewable Energies in the cabinet of the coalition government under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . In the parliamentary elections in India in 2014 , the JKNC again campaigned together with the Congress Party in Jammu and Kashmir, but could not win any constituency. In July 2014, she then announced her departure from the UPA party alliance. She also suffered losses in the November / December 2014 parliamentary elections in Jammu and Kashmir, with the result that Omar Abdullah resigned from his post as Chief Minister.

Election results

The following table shows the election results for the all-India parliamentary elections as well as for the elections in Jammu and Kashmir.

year	choice	Parliament seats
1951	General election in Jammu and Kashmir 1951	75/75
1957	General election in Jammu and Kashmir 1957	68/75
1962	General election in Jammu and Kashmir 1962	70/75
1967	Elected Lok Sabha in 1967	1/522
1967	General election in Jammu and Kashmir in 1967	8/75
1971	Election for Lok Sabha 1971 (no participation)	0/520
1972	General election in Jammu and Kashmir 1972 (no participation)	0/75
1977	Elected Lok Sabha in 1977	2/542
1977	General election in Jammu and Kashmir 1977	47/76
1980	Election for Lok Sabha in 1980	3/529
1983	General election in Jammu and Kashmir in 1983	46/76
1984	Elected Lok Sabha in 1984	3/514
1987	General election in Jammu and Kashmir in 1987	40/76
1989	Elected Lok Sabha in 1989	3/529
1996	Elected Lok Sabha 1996	0/543
1996	General election in Jammu and Kashmir 1996	57/87
1998	Election for Lok Sabha in 1998	3/543
1999	Election for Lok Sabha 1999	4/543
2002	General election in Jammu and Kashmir 2002	28/87
2004	Election for Lok Sabha 2004	2/543
2008	2008 general election in Jammu and Kashmir	28/87
2009	Election for Lok Sabha 2009	3/543
2014	Election for Lok Sabha 2014	0/543
2014	General election in Jammu and Kashmir 2014	15/87

Web links

• Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Website (English)
• National Conference Party (Jammu & Kashmir) at whatsindia.com (English)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Altaf Hussain: Kashmir's flawed elections. BBC News, September 14, 2002, accessed December 4, 2014 . 
2. ^ Luv Puri: National Conference pulls out of NDA. The Hindu, July 13, 2003, accessed September 11, 2014 . 
3. ^ Omar Abdullah's party set to join UPA. rediff.com, January 2, 2009, accessed May 18, 2015 . 
4. ↑ PDP withdraws from UPA, unfortunate says Cong. January 5, 2009, accessed September 8, 2014 . 
5. ^ Congress, National Conference alliance ends in Jammu and Kashmir. livemint.com, July 12, 2014, accessed May 18, 2015 . 
6. ^ Election Results - Full Statistical Reports. Election Commission of India, accessed April 19, 2014 . 
7. ↑ ^{a b} Mayilvaganan: A Survey of Elections in Kashmir. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, accessed on April 19, 2014 . 
8. ↑ Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed April 19, 2014 . 
9. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed April 19, 2014 . 
10. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed April 19, 2014 . 
11. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed April 15, 2014 . 
12. ↑ Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed April 19, 2014 . 
13. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed April 19, 2014 . 
14. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed April 19, 2014 . 
15. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed April 19, 2014 . 
16. ^ Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. (PDF) Election Commission of India, accessed April 19, 2014 . 
17. ↑ PDP largest party in J&K, BJP to form govt. in Jharkhand. The Hindu, accessed December 23, 2014 .