United Progressive Alliance
The United Progressive Alliance ( UPA , English "United Progressive Alliance" ) is a party alliance in India, which includes the parties allied with the Indian Congress Party. Politically, these parties are located in the moderate or more left-wing political spectrum. Some represent regionalist or particular interests (e.g. Muslim parties).
The alliance was founded after the parliamentary elections in India in 2004 , which were largely successful for the UPA parties , partly as a reaction to the National Democratic Alliance , which was founded in 1998 and led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
From 2004 to 2014 India was ruled by coalition governments of the UPA under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh ( Cabinet Manmohan Singh I 2004–2009 and Cabinet Manmohan Singh II 2009–2014). The UPA chairman has been the chairwoman of the Congress Party, Sonia Gandhi , since 2004 .
The following table lists the main UPA member parties. Other small regional parties not listed are or were also members of the UPA. Even before the 2014 parliamentary elections , which were so disastrous for the Congress party , the UPA had shrunk quite a bit. After the election, almost all of the remaining major parties left the UPA.
| Political party | Abbreviation | Member of the UPA |
|---|---|---|
| Indian National Congress | INC | 2004– |
| Indian Union Muslim League | IUML | 2004– |
| Nationalist Congress Party | NCP | 2004-2014 |
| Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | JMM | 2004-2014 |
| Rashtriya Janata Dal | RJD | 2004–2009, 2014 (?) - |
| Telangana Rashtra Samithi | TRS | 2004-2006 |
| Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | MDMK | 2004-2007 |
| Pattali Makkal Katchi | PMK | 2004-2009 |
| Lok Janshakti Party | LJP | 2004-2009 |
| Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party | JKPDP | 2004-2009 |
| Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | JKNC | 2009-2014 |
| All India Trinamool Congress | AITC | 2004–2012 |
| All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslims | AIMIM | 2004–2012 |
| Jharkhand Vikas Morcha | JVM | 2004–2012 |
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | 2004-2013 |
| Rashtriya Lok Samta Party | RLSP | 2018– |
Individual evidence
- ^ United Progressive Alliance (UPA). electionaffairs.com, September 8, 2014, accessed September 8, 2014 .
- ^ United Progressive Alliance: Partners in governance. The Times of India, July 8, 2006, accessed September 8, 2014 .
- ^ Meet the United Progressive Alliance. rediff.com, 2004, accessed September 8, 2014 (group photo of UPA party leaders 2004).
- ^ P Vaidyanathan Iyer: Congress never bothered about UPA partners, says Praful Patel. The Indian Express, November 5, 2014, accessed May 18, 2015 .
- ↑ Amarnath Tewary: Congress, JMM part ways in Jharkhand. The Hindu, October 31, 2014, accessed May 18, 2015 .
- ↑ About Us. (No longer available online.) Lokjanshaktiparty.co.in, archived from the original on September 9, 2014 ; accessed on September 8, 2014 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ TRS withdraws support to UPA government. September 23, 2006, accessed September 8, 2014 .
- ^ Vaiko withdraws support to UPA. indianexpress.com, March 16, 2007, accessed September 8, 2014 .
- ^ PMK withdraws support to Congress Ministry. The Hindu, April 8, 2009, accessed September 8, 2014 .
- ↑ Biography. (No longer available online.) Ramvilaspaswan.co.in, archived from the original on September 9, 2014 ; accessed on September 8, 2014 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ PDP withdraws from UPA, unfortunate says Cong. January 5, 2009, accessed September 8, 2014 .
- ^ Omar Abdullah's party set to join UPA. rediff.com, January 2, 2009, accessed May 18, 2015 .
- ^ Congress, National Conference alliance ends in Jammu and Kashmir. livemint.com, July 12, 2014, accessed May 18, 2015 .
- ↑ Mamata Banerjee's party ready to meet President tomorrow to officially quit UPA. September 20, 2012, accessed September 8, 2014 .
- ↑ Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslims withdraws support to Andhra Pradesh government and UPA. The Times of India, November 13, 2012, accessed September 8, 2014 .
- ↑ Jharkhand Vikas Morcha formally withdraws support from UPA. rediff.com, October 3, 2012, accessed September 8, 2014 .
- ↑ DMK pulls out of UPA govt over Sri Lanka Tamils issue. The Times of India, March 19, 2013, accessed September 8, 2014 .
- ^ RLSP chief Upendra Kushwaha joins opposition's grand alliance. The Times of India, December 20, 2018, accessed February 19, 2019 .
