al-Jamāʿa al-islāmiyya

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The Gamaa Islamija ( Egyptian Arabic forالجماعة الإسلامية al-Jamāʿa al-islāmiyya , DMG al-ǧamāʿa al-islāmiyya 'Islamic Association') is a militant Egyptian Islamist movement . It isviewedby the Egyptian government as a terrorist organization and is listed by the USA as a " Foreign Terrorist Organization "; The Council of the European Union also includes the organization on its list to combat terrorism .

Their goal is to overthrow the Egyptian government in favor of an Islamic republic . The building and development party , which forms a coalition with the Salafist Party of Light in the Islamic Bloc , is considered the political arm of the organization.

The spiritual leader was the blind cleric Umar Abd ar-Rahman, who died in 2017 . He was charged in 1993 with the bombing of the World Trade Center in New York but then sentenced to life imprisonment for attacks on United Nations and FBI buildings .

Members of the Islamic Association

history

The group emerged in the 1970s from the spontaneous formation of Islamic communities that were established at the local level. The organizations were supported by the Egyptian state under Sadat as a political counterweight to the Arab socialists. In the Upper Egyptian governorates Asyut and Aswan , direct financial donations were made by the local governor. The communities initially consisted of study circles that expanded their activities to include social charity and the formation of youth organizations. The Islamic community grew out of the decentralized organizations. In 1977 the organization achieved supra-regional influence for the first time through successful candidacies within the student councils. The ideas of the organization were based on Islamic scholars of the Middle Ages such as Ibn Taymiyya or Ibn Kathir . But influential writings by the Muslim Brotherhood also found their way into the organization's canon. Such was Sayyid Qutb's book Milestones during the 80-year standard reading in personnel training. In the organization, Abdullah as-Samawi stood out as one of the leading figures. The spiritual leader of the Jama was Umar Abd al-Rahman .

The organization began to adopt the political ideas of the Muslim Brotherhood from the mid-1970s. In particular, the Upper Egyptian part of the organization tried to enforce concepts of Islamic law in society through violence and coercion based on their mass organization. Activists campaigned in groups against alcohol and the mix of the sexes. Coptic Christians were also harassed and paid for money as poll tax . Several goldsmiths were robbed and murdered. There were also attacks against Muslims who participated in popular Islamic customs such as the veneration of saints. In 1977, as part of revolts over food shortages, acts of violence against state organs by the Jamia took place. In 1979 the Jamia allied itself organizationally with the group Tanzim al Jihad . Tanzim al Jihad acted as an armed cadre organization, which was supposed to trigger an uprising by the Islamic communities through the murder of Sadat. The aim was to overthrow the Egyptian government and establish an Islamic republic. In 1981 Tanzim al-Jihad succeeded in assassinating Anwar al Sadat. This was followed two days later by a Jamia-led uprising in Asyut. The uprising was put down by the Egyptian security authorities.

On June 8, 1992, the Egyptian author Faraj Fauda was shot dead by the Jamāʿa al-islāmiyya, and on November 17, 1997 members of the Jamāʿa al-islāmiyya carried out an attack on foreign tourists in Luxor , in which 62 people died and some of the effects prompted the group to declare a ceasefire, which the leader Umar Abd al-Rahman rejected.

In the early 1990s, Jama al-islamiya was able to establish a strong presence in the slum suburb of Imbaba near Cairo . In doing so, it displaced both state institutions and traditional power structures and took control of the streets of the settlement area with around one million inhabitants. In November 1992, the group's local leader gave a Reuters interview in which he presented the neighborhood as a successful model of taking power and implementing Sharia law. The Egyptian state ordered around 14,000 soldiers to Imbaba in December of the same year and carried out over 5,000 arrests. Through a combination of repression and investment, the government brought this bastion of Islamists back under state control.

In 2002 the imprisoned leaders began to publish a series of books revising ideological concepts, particularly those relating to violence. Jamāʿa al-islāmiyya lawyer, de facto spokesman and former inmate Muntasir az-Zayat was involved in internal and external exchanges and negotiations that led to prison releases in 2003 and 2006. Altogether there are said to have been 16,000 releases over the years, including al-Jihad and Najih Ibrahim. Mid-2006, said Ayman al-Zawahiri in a video that Jamaa'ah al-Islamiyya had the Sadat assassin with the officials Muhammad al-Hukaima, Rifa'i Taha and Muhammad Schauqi Islambuli, younger brother Khalid Islambuli , al-Qaeda connected. A connection between the Jamāʿa al-islāmiyya and al-Qaida, however, was denied by Abd al-Achir Hamad and Najih Ibrahim.

literature

Web links

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  1. ↑ "Gama'a al-Islamiyya" (IG) in US Department of State, April 30, 2007: Terrorist Organizations ( Memento of May 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ Common Position 2009/468 / CFSP of the Council of 15 June 2009 updating Common Position 2001/931 / CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2009/67 / CFSP
  3. ↑ Sheikh Rifa'ey Ahmad Taha, an official from Jama'a Islamia States: "The Islamic State in Egypt is Approaching" ( Memento of February 23, 2001 in the Internet Archive ) 18th issue of Nida'ul Islam magazine, April - May 1997
  4. ↑ Dr. Omar Abdul Rahman to Nida'ul Islam: "Muslims Should Continue to Call to Allah and Struggle Relentlessly For His sake" ( Memento from April 19, 2001 in the Internet Archive ) 16th issue of Nida'ul Islam magazine (islam.org.au) , December - January 1996-1997
  5. ↑ Roel Meijer: Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong as a Principle of Social Action - The Case of the Egyptian al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya in Roel Meijer (ed.): Global Salafism - Islam's New Religious Movement , New York, 2009, Pp. 191-196
  6. ↑ Roel Meijer: Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong as a Principle of Social Action - The Case of the Egyptian al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya in Roel Meijer (ed.): Global Salafism - Islam's New Religious Movement , New York, 2009, Pp. 196-200
  7. ↑ What Does the Gama'a Islamiyya Want ?: An Interview with Tal'at Fu'ad Qasim Middle East Report No. 198, 1996, p. 40
  8. ↑ “Setting limits to violence?” ( Memento from June 2, 2002 in the Internet Archive ) By Ahmed Moussa, Al-Ahram Weekly Online 6-12. August 1998
  9. ^ Gilles Kepel: Jihad - The Trail of Political Islam. 4th edition, New York, 2006, 2016, pp. 290–292
  10. ^ "A matter of time" ( Memento of September 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Al-Ahram 1-7. August 2002
  11. ↑ Excerpts from the latest book in the “Revisions” series, titled “Islam and the Laws of War” (Al-Islam wa-tahdhib al-hurub), authored by Issam Al-Din Darablah , published by Al-Sharq Al-Awsat between August 27 and September 4, 2006, translated by Memri Special Dispatch Series - No. 1301 September 27, 2006
  12. ↑ The Insider - Montasser Al-Zayat's book gives an insider's view of Islamist groups that will surely cause a stir ( Memento from February 10, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Egypt Today, February 2005 on the book The Road To Al-Qaeda: The Story Of Bin Laden's Right-hand Man Montasser al-Zayyat, Pluto Press, 2004 ISBN 978-0-7453-2175-2
  13. ↑ Montasser Al-Zayat Walks a Legal Tightrope . Summer Said, Arab News CAIRO, March 2, 2005
  14. ^ "Rise and fall of Egypt militant Islamist groups" ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Kuwait Times, July 10, 2007
  15. ↑ "EIG's Muhammed al-Hakaima Continues to Incite Jihad" ( Memento from October 16, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) By Chris Zambelis, Jamestown Foundation Terrorism Focus Vol. 3 Issue 39 (October, 10 2006)
  16. ^ "Al-Qaeda wins converts from Egyptian group" Daily Star Lebanon about the Zawahiri / Hukaymah video, August 7, 2006
  17. ↑ Dr. Najih Ibrahim of the Egyptian Islamic Group Talks to Asharq Al-Awsat by Abduh Zaynah, Asharq al-Awsat August 14, 2006
  18. ↑ http://www.dailystaregypt.com/printerfriendly.aspx?ArticleID=2540 (link not available)