Imam Hatip School

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An imam hatip school in Kırklareli

İmam Hatip Schools ( Turkish imam hatip liseleri ) are state vocational high schools for training as imam (prayer leader) and preacher in Turkey . After the ÖSS university entrance qualification test, the qualification also entitles you to study at a university.

Organization and teaching content

Between 1997 and 2012 simple İmam-Hatip-Gymnasien and so-called Anadolu İmam-Hatip-Gymnasien existed. With the 2012/2013 school year there will be Imam Hatip schools again for the intermediate level (tr: orta okul ). The schools are co-educational and today, in addition to the curriculum of other high schools, they also offer Arabic , Koran and Islamic knowledge and an additional year of teaching. In the 2005/2006 school year the number of students was 43,726. This means that around 7 percent of the Abitur graduates were graduates from the Imam Hatip grammar schools.

Law 6287 of March 30, 2012 (published in the Official Gazette on April 10, 2012) increased compulsory education to 12 years. Then 694 middle school schools were converted into Imam Hatip schools. Around 100,000 students enrolled in these schools. In Istanbul alone, around 20,000 students enrolled in 85 Imam Hatip schools. This means that 9% of all students attend an Imam Hatip Middle School. In Konya there are 49 Imam-Hatip Middle Schools and 26 Imam-Hatip High Schools as of the 2012/2013 school year.

For these schools there is a weekly teaching load of 36 hours (at other middle schools there are 28 hours in the 5th and 6th and 29 hours in the 7th and 8th grades). The compulsory subjects include a .: Turkish , mathematics , natural sciences , social sciences , history of the upheaval in the Turkish Republic and Kemalism , foreign language, religious culture and ethics . The subjects of the Koran , the life of the Prophet Mohammed and basic knowledge of religion , which are optional subjects in other schools, are compulsory subjects at the Imam Hatip schools. The subjects Koran and Life of the Prophet (including basic knowledge of religion) are taught two hours a week, Arabic is taught for four hours in grades 5 and 6 and three hours in grades 7 and 8.

history

The law on the standardization of teaching provided for the creation of a "special school" for religious officials as early as the 1920s. These schools were called İmam Hatip Mektepleri, but closed in 1929/1930 due to a lack of demand and government support. From 1949 onwards, male middle school graduates were able to take ten-month İmam Hatip courses to become prayer leaders and preachers. In 1951, under the government of Adnan Menderes, new legal requirements were created and the first İmam Hatip grammar schools were founded, the numbers of which have since increased rapidly. The highest number of pupils was reached in 1997. At that time there were more than 511,000 students registered. During the “ post-modern coup ” by the Turkish military on February 28, 1997, the National Security Council demanded reforms from the Erbakan - Çiller government . With a view to reducing the number of pupils in the Imam Hatip schools, calls were made to extend compulsory education from five to eight years. The aim was to abolish the middle school (“ Orta okul ”), which enabled students to attend an Imam Hatip school or another vocational high school after the fifth grade. Erbakan's government refused to undertake these reforms and resigned in June 1997 under pressure from the military. The successor government finally carried out the required school reforms. Since then, Imam Hatip schools can only be attended from the ninth grade. As a result, the number of students in the Imam Hatip schools fell rapidly. Public discussions about the equality of the İmam Hatip high schools with other high schools in 2004 were an expression of the distrust that people have in this type of school. Critics consider them to be an Islamic cadre school.

Debate on school reform 2012

The core of the reform of March 2012 was the rehabilitation of the middle school and the associated upgrading of the İmam Hatip schools. With it the measures of the education reform 1997 should be reversed. Yunus Memiş of the conservative teachers' union Eğitim Bir-Sen said: "The reform will remove the effects of 1997." "Authoritarian leadership", "religious indoctrination", "devalued parliament" were the words in the chorus of critics after the adoption of the controversial school reform.

What Erdoğan sees as an overdue correction of an unjust marginalization of religious circles is causing his critics to fear Islamization. Opposition parties as well as the educational faculties of the important private universities or the teachers' unions were annoyed that the reform had hardly been preceded by a public or parliamentary debate, but that the AKP single-handedly worked out the reform, which was not mentioned in the election program of 2011, and passed it quickly Has. Kasım Birtek of the Eğitim-Sen teachers' union said: "The state should behave objectively in religious matters and leave it to the people to decide how they want to continue their religious education."

Overall, the level of education fell after the initial successes of the AKP's educational policy according to the Pisa surveys. The İmam Hatip schools do particularly badly in this regard.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Werner Ende and Udo Steinbach: Islam in the Present. Munich 2005, p. 238
  2. ↑ Law 6287 amended Law 20 on Elementary Schools and Education of January 1961. It can be found on the Ministry of Education website (in Turkish).
  3. ↑ a b İmam hatiplerin yeniden doğuşu (German: new birth of the Imam Hatip schools). In: Haberbirimi. September 19, 2012, archived from the original on September 29, 2012 ; Retrieved November 6, 2012 .
  4. ↑ Yaşar Sarı-Memleket: En çok IHL Konya'da (dt .: The most IH schools in Konya). In: Memleket Gazetesi . June 25, 2012, accessed February 4, 2014 .
  5. ↑ a b c İmam hatiplerin müfredatı belli oldu (German: curriculum for the Imam Hatip schools clarified). In: CNNTürk. July 14, 2012, accessed February 4, 2014 .
  6. ↑ Imam hatip liseleri: efsaneler ve gerçekler  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Imam Hatip Schools: Legend and Reality) TESEV , 2004@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.tesev.org.tr  
  7. ↑ Ten years ago the military staged a coup against the Turkish government: tough power struggle with the generals. In: The world . February 28, 2007, accessed February 4, 2014 .
  8. ^ Udo Steinbach: Stations of domestic politics since 1945. In: Information on political education (issue 277). Federal Agency for Civic Education, archived from the original on December 20, 2007 ; accessed on February 4, 2014 .
  9. ↑ Education for the "true" Muslim: Islamic education in the institutions of Azerbaijan by Christine Hunner-Kreisel, 2008. ISBN 3899428390 , page 155
  10. ↑ a b c See an article at qantara.de from July 11, 2012 Islam comes to the fore ; Accessed November 5, 2012
  11. ↑ Markus Bernath: More Koran for young Turks. In: The Standard . April 2, 2012, accessed February 4, 2014 .
  12. ^ Protests against "Islamization" in the school system. In: Der Tagesspiegel . September 19, 2012, accessed February 4, 2014 .
  13. ↑ Ankara's education policy: Turkey doesn't want anything more to do with Darwin , NZZ, June 26, 2017