Šaušgamuwa

Šaušgamuwa was in the second half of the 13th century BC. Chr. , A king of the Hittite vassal State Amuru (in present-day southern Syria ), son and successor of Bentešina . Through his marriage to the sister of the Hittite great king Tudḫalija IV. His brother-in-law, possibly also his nephew, if his mother was Gaššuliyawiya , but this is not certain. The exact time of Šaušgamuwa's accession to the throne is unknown, but it can be narrowed down: His father Bentešina is still in the state treaty between Tudḫalija IV. And Kurunta , which dates from approx. Is dated, named as a witness and king Amurrus. In a letter from Tudḫalija to Šaušgamuwa, the so-called Šaušgamuwa Treaty ( CTH 105), there is talk of severe tensions between the Hittites and Assyria , which are testified to the early reign of the Assyrian King Tukulti-Ninurta I , who started around 1233 BC . Ruled. By this time Bentešina had already died and Šaušgamuwa was king in Amurru. In the contract, the vassal is requested, among other things, not to allow any more merchants from Amurru to enter Assyria and not to let any Assyrian merchants to Amurru. Furthermore, it is apparently supposed to prevent ships, probably from Aḫḫijawa , from trading with Assyria via Amurri ports.

Šaušgamuwa was also involved in the affair of his sister or half-sister, who had married Ammistamru II of Ugarit . Because of misconduct, she was cast out, probably during Bentešina's lifetime, and moved back to Amurru. The marriage was officially divorced after mediation by Tudḫalia IV and Ini-Teššup von Karkemiš , Ammistamru had to reimburse the dowry . After Šaušgamuwa had ascended the throne, Ammistamru was not satisfied with this arrangement and demanded the extradition of his ex-wife in order to be able to punish her. Šaušgamuwa refused extradition because he feared the execution of his sister in Ugarit, so that increasing tensions arose between the two Hittite vassals. Again mediated Tud IValia IV. And Ini-Teššub, who, as viceroy, was the first point of contact for the Syrian vassals. After long negotiations it was decided that Šaušgamuwa would have to hand over his sister and that he would receive 1400 shekels of gold from Ammistamru in return . Two versions of this treaty came to light on cuneiform tablets in the Ugarit archives : one is sealed by Tudḫalija IV , the other by Šaušgamuwa.

literature

Theo PJ van den Hout: The Ulmitešub contract. A prosopographical investigation (= studies on the Böğazköy texts. Volume 38). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1995, pp. 112-115.
Itamar Singer : Šaušgamuwa. In: Michael P. Streck (ed.): Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Aräologie . Volume 12, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2009-2011, ISBN 978-3-11-020384-4 , pp. 96-98. online at the network publications of the BAdW
Trevor R. Bryce : The Kingdom of the Hittites. Revised new edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005, ISBN 978-0-19-928132-9 pp. 301f .; 310-312.
Daniel Schwemer : Texts in Akkadian language. In: Bernd Janowski - Gernot Wilhelm : Texts from the environment of the Old Testament . New series, volume 2, treaties, inscriptions on rulers and other documents on political history. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2005, Chapter III, 1, pp. 172–177, texts 1.5–1.9 (accessed via De Gruyter Online).

Individual evidence

↑ Cf. Theo PJ van den Hout: The Ulmitešub contract. A prosopographical investigation (= studies on the Böğazköy texts. Volume 38). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1995, p. 113 (with further literature)
↑ For details on the Šaušgamuwa contract: Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce, Eric H. Cline : The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, ISBN 978-1-58983-268-8 , pp. 50-68.
↑ The beginning of the corresponding word has not been preserved, but according to the prevailing opinion it should be added as "Aḫḫijawa". Unlike Gerd Steiner: “Ships from Aḫḫijawa” or “warships” from Amurru in the Šaušgamuwa Treaty? In: Ugarit Forschungen 21, 1989, pp. 393–411, who translates as “warships”, which, however, found little acceptance in research. See Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce, Eric H. Cline: The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, p. 68, note 94.

predecessor	Office	successor
Bentesina	King of Amurru approx. 1235/30 BC BC – 1210/00 BC Chr.	Maḫḫaza

personal data
SURNAME	Šaušgamuwa
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Sausgamuwa, Schauschgamuwa
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	King of Amurru
DATE OF BIRTH	1st half of the 13th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH	around 1210/00 BC Chr.

[1] Cf. Theo PJ van den Hout: The Ulmitešub contract. A prosopographical investigation (= studies on the Böğazköy texts. Volume 38). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1995, p. 113 (with further literature)

[2] For details on the Šaušgamuwa contract: Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce, Eric H. Cline : The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, ISBN 978-1-58983-268-8 , pp. 50-68.

[3] The beginning of the corresponding word has not been preserved, but according to the prevailing opinion it should be added as "Aḫḫijawa". Unlike Gerd Steiner: “Ships from Aḫḫijawa” or “warships” from Amurru in the Šaušgamuwa Treaty? In: Ugarit Forschungen 21, 1989, pp. 393–411, who translates as “warships”, which, however, found little acceptance in research. See Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce, Eric H. Cline: The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, p. 68, note 94.