ʿAbdallāh ibn Saʿd

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ʿAbdallāh ibn Saʿd ibn Abī Sarh ( Arabic عبد الله بن سعد بن أبي سرح, DMG ʿAbdallāh ibn Saʿd ibn Abī Sarḥ ; †  656 ) was a milk brother of Uthman ibn Affan . His father was one of the munāfiqūn in Medina .

ʿAbd Allaah was the secretary of the Prophet Mohammed . When he dictated to him a verse from the Koran with the attributes of God “hearing and knowing” ( samīʿ ʿalīm ), he wrote instead: “knowing and wise” ( ʿalīm ḥakīm ) without the prophet noticing the difference. Therefore, ʿAbd Allaah began to doubt the truth of Muhammad's revelations. He returned to Mecca as an apostate . After conquering Mecca in 629, Mohammed ordered his execution; at the request of Uthman ibn Affan, his milk brother, he was pardoned.

ʿAbd Allaah was governor of Egypt during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan . He was the co-founder of the first Arab fleet.

The Baqt

ʿAbd Allaah's attempt to conquer Nubia failed. The successful resistance of the Nubians led to an armistice agreement ( hudna ) - also called baqt (from Latin pactum , contract) - with the Muslims, according to which the Nubians were to receive grain and textiles from the Arabs in return for the annual delivery of 360 slaves . The slaves, intact, healthy people, not children, were to be delivered to the governor of Aswan . The treaty, which was limited to the inhabitants of the areas between Aswan and Alwa Christianized in the 6th century , has been handed down by both the local historian Ibn ʿAbd al-Hakam and al-Balādhurī . In some traditions the contract is dated April 652. The treaty lasted until the time of the Fatimids .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ W. Montgomery Watt : Muhammad at Medina. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1972, p. 68;
    Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr : al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb. Volume 3rd Ed. al-Biǧāwī, Cairo n.d., p. 918.
  2. ↑ Derek A. Welsby : The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia. Pagans, Christians and Muslims on the Middle Nile. The British Museum Press, London 2002, ISBN 0-7141-1947-4 , pp. 68-69.
  3. ^ Charles C. Torrey (ed.): The history of the conquest of Egypt, North Africa and Spain, known as the Futūḥ Miṣr . New Haven 1927. pp. 188-189
  4. ↑ Philip Khūrī Hitti (ed.): The Origins of the Islamic State , Columbia University 1916. pp. 380-381
  5. ↑ See also: P. Forand: Early Muslim Relations with Nubia. In: Der Islam 48 (1972), pp. 111-121; Hugh Kennedy: Egypt as a province in the Islamic caliphate, 641-868. In: Carl F. Petry (Ed.): The Cambridge History of Egypt. Vol. 1. Islamic Egypt. 640-1517. 1998. pp. 67-68
  6. ↑ Muḥammad Ḥamīdullāh: Maǧmūʿat al-waṯāʾiq as-siyāsiyya lil-ʿahd an-nabawī wal-ḫilāfa ar-rāšida (collection of political documents from the time of prophecy and the rightly guided caliphs). Beirut 1969. pp. 393-394; No. 369; Wilhelm Heffening: Islamic aliens law up to the Islamic-Franconian state treaties. A legal historical study on Fiqh. Reprint of the Hanover 1925 edition. 1975. pp. 96–97
  7. ↑ The Encyclopedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, suffering. Vol. 8, p. 88
personal data
SURNAME ʿAbdallāh ibn Saʿd
ALTERNATIVE NAMES ʿAbdallāh ibn Saʿd ibn Abī Sarh (full name); عبد الله بن سعد بن أبي سرح (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Foster brother of Uthman ibn Affan
DATE OF BIRTH 6th century or 7th century
DATE OF DEATH 656