Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr

Abū ʿUmar Yūsuf ibn ʿAbdallāh Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr ( Arabic أبو عمر يوسف بن عبد الله ابن عبد البر, DMG Abū ʿUmar Yūsuf ibn ʿAbdallāh Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr , b. 978 in Cordoba ; died 1071 in Játiva ), was one of the most famous legal scholars of his time in Islamic Spain , Qadi in Lisbon and Santarém .

Life

His work coincides with the cultural heyday of al-Andalus with the center of Córdoba, which he had not left during his studies. After the internal Muslim civil wars (1009-1031) he left the city and went on his study trip to al-Andalus and then settled in Dénia . He was a personal friend of the theologian Ibn Hazm (d. 1064) and at the beginning of his career he was a fan of the Zahirites . Later he belonged to the Maliki school of law, but also sympathized with the Shafiites .

Works

Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr refers in his main works to fifty-seven writings that he wrote in various areas of Islamic studies - Koranic studies , hadith , theology , fiqh and historiography - and which were widely recognized during his lifetime.

His main works are two extensive commentaries on the Muwaṭṭaʾ by Mālik ibn Anas :

• Study to discuss the directions of legal scholars in the provincial centers about what Mālik has put forward in the Muwaṭṭaʾ of opinio and tradition:

الاستذكار في شرح مذاهب علماء الأمصار مما رسمه الامام مالك في الموطأ من الرأي والآثار, DMG al-istaḏkār fī šarḥ maḏāhib ʿulamāʾ ʾl-amṣār mimmā rasama-hu al-imām Mālik fī-ʾl-Muwaṭṭaʾ min al-raʾy wa-ʾl-āṯār . In this extensive legal and hadith compendium the author cites 116 scholars, explains the material handed down by Mālik ibn Anas in the Muwaṭṭaʾ and presents it with reference to the controversial legal doctrines of other schools of law . The work is first published in 1993 in twenty-seven volumes in Cairo appeared in print.

• Introduction to the meanings and isnads of Muwaṭṭaʾ

التمهيد لما في الموطأ من المعاني والأسانيد at-tamhīd li-mā fi-ʾl-Muwaṭṭaʾ min al-maʿānī wa-ʾl-asānīd . The first printed edition of the work (Rabat 1967–1992) comprises twenty-six volumes. This extensive work, which the contemporary of the author, the famous representative of the Zahirites Ibn Hazm (d. 1064), described as the best work of the hadith studies ( fiqh al-ḥadīṯ ), is according to the direct sources of the author of the Muwaṭṭaʾ with their respective isnads compiled. Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr supplements the prophetic statements given there with the corresponding variants from the traditional literature and adds his own view at the end of each chapter with references to the doctrinal differences of his predecessors, whichconcernthe understanding of the Sunnah .

• Controversial doctrines of Mālik and his followers

ichtilāf aqwāl Mālik wa-ashābihi  /إختلاف أقوال مالك وأصحابه / iḫtilāf aqwāl Mālik wa-aṣḥābihi ; only the first part of it, which discusses questions of ritual purity and prayer, has survived. The author summarizes the internal Maḏhab teaching differences of the Maliki school of law with reference to Mālik's teaching and its modification outside of Medina, especially in Fustat , Baghdad and al-Andalus .

• The explanation of ((adīṯ) science and its merits

Jamiʿ bayān al-ʿilm wa-faḍlihi  /جامع بيان العلم وفضله / Ǧāmi' Bayān al-ilm wa-Fadli-hi sums based on traditions the benefits of employment with the Hadith -sciences, the art of the tradition of the Hadith in Islamic scholarship and his position in the sciences as a source of jurisprudence , as Sunna , along . This extensive work has been printed several times in the Orient. A critical edition in two volumes was published in 1998. In this work, the author mainly draws on works by scholars from the Islamic East, such as the traditional methodological (uṣūl al-ḥadīṯ) script of the Hanafite at-Tahāwī from Egypt .

• Study of the knowledge of the companions of the Prophets

al-istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-ashāb  /الاستيعاب في معرفة الأصحاب / al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb is a comprehensive biography of the Companions of Muhammad . The four-volume work contains 4224 entries in alphabetical order and describes the life and work of the companions of the prophets.

In another work, Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr dealt with the biographies of the three great legal scholars Mālik Ibn Anas, Abū Hanīfa and asch-Schāfiʿī . In addition to the above-mentioned books, which are available in oriental prints, a summary of the biography of the prophet and the campaigns of Muhammad has been preserved, the value of which, however, lags behind the biography of Ibn Ishaq and the work of al-Wāqidī . The importance of Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr in literary and legal history lies primarily in the presentation of rich materials from both the Islamic East and Islamic Spain, which have been lost over the centuries.

literature

• Carl Brockelmann : History of Arabic Literature . Brill. Leiden 1943. Vol. 1, pp. 453-454 ISBN 90-04-14624-5 (reprint February 1996). First supplement volume . Brill, Leiden 1937. pp. 628-629
• The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, suffering. Vol. 3, p. 674, ISBN 90-04-08118-6
• J. López-Ortez: Figuras de jurisconsultos hispano-musulmanes . In: Religíon y Cultura 16 (1931), p. 94ff.
• Maher Jarrar: The biography of the prophets in Islamic Spain. A contribution to the tradition and editorial history. European university publications. Row III. History and its auxiliary sciences. Vol. 404. Peter Lang 1989. ISBN 3-631-42087-0
• Manuela Marín: La obra genealógica de Ibn 'Abd al-Barr . In: Actas de las Jornadas de Cultura Arabe e Islámica (1978), pp. 205ff. (Madrid 1981)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The editor of his Istiḏkār has compiled the work titles in the Introduction, Vol. 1, pp. 42–72; Carl Brockelmann: History of Arabic Literature . Volume 1, pp. 455-456. Brill, Leiden 1943
2. ↑ See the introduction to the Istiḏkār , Vol. 1, pp. 21–42 (Cairo 1993)
3. ↑ M. Muranyi: Fiqh . In: Helmut Gätje (ed.): Outline of Arabic Philology . Vol. II: Literary Studies. P. 317. Dr. Ludwig Reichelt Verlag, Wiesbaden 1987
4. ^ Carl Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature . Supplementary volume IS 298. Brill, Leiden 1937
5. ↑ Eds. Ḥamid Laḥmer and Miklos Muranyi , Beirut 2003
6. ^ Edited by Abū ʾl-Ašbāl az-Zuhairī. ad-Dammām / Riyadh 1998 (4th edition)
7. ↑ aṭ-Ṭaḥāwī: Šarḥ muškili ʾl-āṯār. Volume 1. pp. 76–78 (introduction by the editor Šuʿaib al-Arnaʾūṭ). Beirut 1987
8. ↑ Printed multiple times; most recently in the edition of al-Biǧāwī. Cairo (undated)
9. ↑ Maher Jarrar (1989), pp. 138-150