α-olefin sulfonates

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general chemical structure of the α ‑ olefin sulfonates
R = alkyl, M = Na + , n = 1 or 2

Alpha-olefin sulfonates ( AOS ) are a group of anionic surfactants that are used in detergents . The compounds contain a - mostly linear, primary - alkyl radical R and a monovalent cation M, preferably sodium . The most frequently used representative of this group of substances is sodium α- olefin sulfonate ( INCI : Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate).

Extraction and presentation

Alpha-olefin sulfonates are produced by sulfonation (for example with sulfur trioxide ) of alpha-olefins and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis and consist of a mixture of alkene sulfonates and hydroxyalkane sulfonates . The mixture usually contains approx. 60–65% alkene sulfonates, 35–40% hydroxyalkane sulfonates and up to 10% disulfonates. The commercially available olefin sulfonates are mostly solutions with about 40% active ingredient content.

description

In addition to a longer hydrocarbon chain in which there must be at least one double bond (hence the name “olefin”), it has an anionic sulfonate head group with a sodium ion as a counterion. The sulfonate group is negative in aqueous solution, which is why the α-olefin sulfonates are among the anionic surfactants. In contrast to most of the other surfactants, in which the C 12 alkyl chains have the highest surface activity, olefin sulfonates show the maximum activity when using C 14 and C 16 olefins.

use

Alpha-olefin sulfonates with linear alkenyl radicals from C 12 to C 18 are used in various areas of application as anionic surfactants with pronounced foam formation and foam stability (even with high water hardness ), excellent fat-dissolving and oil-dissolving properties, as well as a favorable ecological profile and low aquatic toxicity and human toxicity . For example, in detergents and cleaning agents, for degreasing, in emulsion polymerization , conditioning of concrete and mortar and in the formulation of pesticides .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kirk H. Raney, Paul G. Shpakoff, Deborah K. Passwater: Use of high-active alpha olefin sulfonates in laundry powders. In: Journal of Surfactants and Detergents. 1, 1998, p. 361, doi : 10.1007 / s11743-998-0037-z .
  2. ↑ a b entry on α-olefin sulfonates. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on July 6, 2019.
  3. ↑ External identifiers or database links for sodium alpha olefin sulfonate : CAS number: 68439-57-6, EC number: 270-407-8, ECHA InfoCard: 100.063.987 , Wikidata : Q72507735 .
  4. ↑ a b S.D. Williams, WH Schmitt: Chemistry and Technology of the Cosmetics and Toiletries Industry . Springer Science & Business Media, 2012, ISBN 978-94-009-1555-8 , pp. 6 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ DM Marquis, SH Sharman u. a .: Alpha olefin sulfonates from a commercial SO 3 -Air reactor. In: Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 43, 1966, p. 607, doi : 10.1007 / BF02640797 .
  6. ↑ Bindu Nair: Final Report On the Safety Assessment of Sodium Alpha-Olefin Sulfonates. In: International Journal of Toxicology. 17, 2016, p. 39, doi : 10.1177 / 109158189801700504 .
  7. ↑ Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Re-Review of Sodium α-Olefin Sulfonates as Used in Cosmetics | Cosmetic Ingredient Review , accessed July 6, 2019.