-ion
ion is a common suffix when noun that the word formation is used.
origin
Latin
Most of the words with the suffix -ion in German are feminine, which can usually be derived from feminine in Latin, more rarely only from verbs. Nation, for example, goes back to natio , religion to religio (in Latin, the letter n , which actually belongs to the suffix there, is not present in the nominative and vocative , but can still be found in all other forms).
These feminines are either abstracts - such as religion - or nouns for verbs that usually end in -ieren in German ( e.g. operation - operate ).
The Latin suffix -io , like -tio , -sio and -tus , is also often used when converting verbs into nouns. There is usually a continuative aspect here, i.e. In other words, the word describes the course of an action: ratio is the “process of calculation”, oratio is the “speech that is given”. The combination with a "t" to -tio (n) , which is derived from the past participle of the corresponding Latin verb, is often used.
In German, however, if there is a verbal aspect at all, it also has the meaning of actions that have already been completed or are still being performed ( perfect or imperfect aspect ), and is then a counterpart to -ung . Not every word in -ion , however, has recognizable roots in a verb.
-ion is one of the most productive Latin suffixes of the most important European languages, Romance as well as German and English . It has found its way into German in all language levels via Middle and Late Latin , Italian , French ( decoration , boarding house ) , English ( lotion ) as well as scientific terminology ( detonation , graduation ) . Körner (2001) examined the spread of -ion formations in German.
For nouns ending in -ion that have Latin roots, under the influence of French, the emphasis on the final syllable with a long o has established itself .
Greek
It is much less common to find nouns in German that end in -ion , but do not come from Latin but from Greek. In contrast to those, these are not stressed on the final syllable, but on the syllable that was accented in the original language and are neuter . The symposium, for example, comes from συμπόσιον. In German, however, either the Latin neuter ending -ium is used for such words in addition to the Greek ending -ion - there is also symposium as well as symposium - or the Greek ending has been replaced by the Latin one at all. For example, one speaks only of the gospel or museum and uses the Latin ending, although these words come from the Greek. Analogous to this, the Latin ending -um or -kum has established itself instead of the Greek for neuter, which ends in -ον or -κον in the original language. Politics is an example of this .
Web links
literature
- Helle Körner: The increase in the number of words ending in -ion in German ; In: Glottometrics 2, 2001, 82–86 (PDF full text ).
- Peter von Polenz , German Language History from the Late Middle Ages to the Present. I , Berlin / New York 1991, ISBN 3-11-012458-0 , esp.p. 231 f.
- Hans Rubenbauer, Dr. JB Hofmann, R. Heine, Latin Grammar , Bamberg / Munich, 10th edition 1977, ISBN 3-7661-5627-6 ; 3874886948; 3486069403, § 18.2
Individual evidence
- ↑ PPP strain + -io, -ionis f. - Examination Latinum Supplendum, University of Vienna
- ↑ Klaus von Heusinger, Sabine von Heusinger: From the Latin technical language for German mysticism. The long path of suffixing and -heit ; in German studies on language and cultural history: Scientific language and colloquial language in contact , eds .: Jürg Niederhauser and Kirsten Adamzik, Volume 38, Peter Lang, Frankfurt / Berlin / Bern / Bruxelles / New York / Vienna, 1999, pp. 59–79; ISBN 3631352395 , ISBN 978-3631352397
- ↑ Latin suffixes in modern foreign languages - Examen Latinum Supplendum