7000 Cadre Conference

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Zhu De , Zhou Enlai , Liu Shaoqi , Deng Xiaoping and Mao Zedong (July 1962).

The 7000 Cadre Conference ( Chinese七千人大会 / 七千人大會) was one of the largest working conferences of the Communist Party of China (CPC), held in Beijing from January 11 to February 7, 1962 . The conference was attended by over 7,000 party officials across the country, who addressed the issues of the Great Leap Forward , which killed tens of millions in the Great Chinese Famine .

During the conference, Liu Shaoqi , 2nd President of China , gave an important speech in which 30% of the famine was formally attributed to natural disasters and 70% to man-made errors, mainly the result of left-wing extremism policies since 1958. Mao Zedong's policies have been criticized. The conference promoted " Democratic Centralism " within the Communist Party. However, Lin Biao continued to praise Mao at the conference.

After the 7000 cadre conference, Liu Shaoqi, along with Deng Xiaoping, took responsibility for most of the political actions within the party and government, while Mao partially retired. Economic reforms like "sanzi yibao (三 自 一 包)" that made the free market possible were carried out by Liu Shaoqi, Deng Zihui (邓子恢) and others. The reforms have somewhat eased the economic difficulties after the Great Leap Forward.

On the other hand, since 1962, the disagreement between Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi (and Deng Xiaoping) had become more apparent, particularly due to Mao's call to " never forget the class struggle ." In August 1962, during a meeting in Beidaihe , Mao emphasized that class struggles should be discussed “every year, every month and every day (年年 讲, 月 月 讲, 日 日 讲)”. Mao reiterated his position in September 1962 at a national conference of the Chinese Communist Party (八届 十 中 全会). Mao later criticized the reforms as an "attempt to destroy socialism ".

In 1963 Mao launched the nationwide Socialist Education Campaign and in 1966 the Cultural Revolution , through which Liu Shaoqi was branded a "traitor" and murdered in 1969. Lin Biao, on the other hand, was officially selected as his successor by Mao in 1969.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Daniel Leese, Mareike Ohlberg, Hans van Ess: history, cultural tradition, ideology | bpb. Retrieved July 17, 2020 .
  2. ↑ THE RISE OF CHINA AND THE REORDERING OF THE WORLD. In: University of Bern. Retrieved July 16, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b c Chinese Foreign Policy Database - Timeline . Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  4. ↑ a b c Roderick MacFarquhar: The Origins of the Cultural Revolution: Volume III, the Coming of the Cataclysm 1961--1966 ( en ). Columbia University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-231-11083-9 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e Henry He: Dictionary of the Political Thought of the People's Republic of China ( en ). Routledge, July 22, 2016, ISBN 978-1-315-50043-0 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e 七千人大会 ( zh ) In: Renmin Wang . Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  7. ↑ a b c 刘少奇 "三分 天灾 ， 七分 人祸" 提法 的 由来 ( zh ) In: Renmin Wang . Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  8. ^ Mao Zedong: Talk At Working Conference. In: Marxists Internet Archive . Accessed August 9, 2020 (English).
  9. ↑ a b c Yanchun Li: 七千人大会 的 现代 启示 录 ( zh ) In: Yanhuang Chunqiu . Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  10. ↑ a b c Three Chinese Leaders: Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping | Asia for Educators . In: Columbia University .
  11. ↑ Janet Vinzant Denhardt, Robert B. Denhardt: The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering ( en ). ME Sharpe, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7656-2181-8 .
  12. ↑ Liu Shaoqi (1898-1969) . In: Chinese University of Hong Kong .
  13. ↑ a b 毛泽东 与 刘少奇 政见 分歧 的 由来. In: Shandong University . January 8, 2011, accessed July 17, 2020 .
  14. ↑ 1962 年 北戴河 会议 阶级 斗争 升温 走上 文革 之 路 ( zh ) In: news.china.com . Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  15. ↑ Mao Zedong: 在 八届 十 中 全 会上 的 讲话. In: Marxists Internet Archive . Retrieved August 9, 2020 .
  16. ↑ 党史 百科. In: Renmin Wang . Retrieved July 17, 2020 (Chinese).