A-135-ABM system

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The A-135 Amur or the ABM-3 - Anti-Ballistic Missile System (DIA code ABM-4 , NATO code name SAM-4 ) is a Russian military complex for missile defense . In the Russian GRAU index it is called 5Sch60 . The facility is located around Moscow and is intended to protect the city and its surroundings from attacking ballistic missiles . A-135-ABM-System is the successor system to the A-35-ABM-System from the early 1970s.

construction

Radar at Pechora
Don-2N ("Pill Box") and 53T6 interceptor missile near Pushkino

The A-135 system was fully operational on February 17, 1995. It complies with the ABM Treaty of 1972, which no longer exists, and represents the Russian equivalent of the US safeguard system from the 1970s.

The ABM-3 system brought significant innovations compared to the ABM-1 Galosch , for example a phased-array radar and two different types of interceptor missiles for exo- and endo-atmospheric use. The missiles are in missile silos to protect them from nuclear weapons explosions.

The exo-atmospheric guided missiles are 51T6 ( NATO code name : SH-11 Gorgon), the endo-atmospheric 53T6 (NATO code name: SH-08 Gazelle). In the mid-1990s, considerations were made to equip the ABM missiles with conventional fragmentation warheads after experts predicted that a single nuclear explosion over Moscow would radioactively contaminate an area of ​​200 km². The 51T6 long-range guided missiles were retired in 2003. As of 2018, the 53T6 short-range missiles, known as the 53T6M, will be equipped with conventional warheads and integrated into the existing system. In addition to the nuclear warheads within the near earth orbit, they are also able to hit other objects at hypersonic speed. In addition to the actual rockets, all electronic components of the A-135-ABM system will be replaced by modern units from Russian production.

Components

Radars Daryal
51Т6 rocket in the transport container based on a MAZ-547A
  • 68 missile silos with 53T6 (NATO code name: "ABM-4A Gazelle") and 53T6M endo-atmospheric short-range guided missiles at locations. These interceptor missiles have two missile stages and have a range of 80–100 km. This type of missile is equipped with a 10 kT nuclear warhead .
  • The long-range phased array radar 5N20 Don-2N (NATO code name: “Pill Box”) in Pushkino with 360 ° coverage. It complements the now dismantled 5N11 Dunay-2 (NATO code name: "Dog House") and the older 20U6 Dunay-3U (NATO code name: "Cat House") radar system. The Don-2N radar complex is used for combat control and fire control of the interceptor missiles.
  • Early warning phased array radars 5N79 Daryal (NATO code name: "Pechora") in Pechora , which supplements the 5N15 Dnestr radars (NATO code name: "Hen House").

Retired interceptor missiles

  • 16 missile silos with 51T6 (NATO code name: "ABM-4B Gorgon") exo-atmospheric long-range interceptor guided weapons at two locations. These interceptor missiles have two missile stages and have a range of 400–500 km. This type of missile is equipped with a 100 kT nuclear warhead . The guided missile type was retired in 2003.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A-135 / ABM-3. In: www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved July 10, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Николай Сурков / Алексей Рамм: Москва получит новую противоракетную защиту. In: www.iz.ru. Retrieved February 23, 2018 .
  3. ↑ a b Russia’s ASAT development takes aim at LEO assets. In: janes.com. Jane's Intelligence Review, accessed January 6, 2020 .
  4. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2018 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2018, ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7 , pp. 193 (English, as of January 2018).
  5. ^ A b Sean O'Connor: Russian / Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems. In: ausairpower.net. Air Power Australia, April 12, 2012, accessed January 6, 2020 .
  6. ↑ The Military Balance 2017, p. 211 (January 2017)