53T6

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53T6

In the foreground of the picture you can see the locked launch silo, in the background a 5T92 transport vehicle based on a MAZ-543M with the cylindrical container in which a 53T6 rocket is transported.
In the foreground of the picture you can see the locked launch silo, in the background a 5T92 transport vehicle based on a MAZ-543M with the cylindrical container in which a 53T6 rocket is transported.

General Information
Type Surface-to-air guided missile system
Local name 53T6
NATO designation ABM-4A Gazelle, formerly SH-08
Country of origin Soviet UnionSoviet Union Soviet Union / RussiaRussiaRussia 
Manufacturer NPO Nowator
development 1978-1988
Commissioning 1995
Working time in service
Technical specifications
length 12 m
diameter 1,700 mm
Combat weight 10,000 kg
Drive
First stage
Second stage
Solid
rocket engine
speed 5.2-5.5 km / s ( Mach 15-16)
Range 80-100 km
Service ceiling 30 km
Furnishing
steering Inertial navigation system , data link
Warhead AA-84 nuclear warhead of 10 kT
Weapon platforms Missile silo
Lists on the subject

The 53T6 missile ( NATO code name : ABM-4A Gazelle, formerly SH-08) is a short-range ABM missile from the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation . It is part of the A-135 missile defense system and should primarily complement the 51T6 missile type intended for defense at short ranges.

Type of use and concept

During the Cold War , the Soviet Union used the A-135 system to defend the Moscow metropolitan area . With the A-135 system, medium-range missiles and ICBMs , or their re-entry vehicles , are to be fought with the nuclear warheads . According to the mission concept, approaching ballistic missiles and re-entry vehicles are initially to be located with the long-range 5N79 Daryal (NATO code name: "Pechora") early warning radars and then to be combated with the 51T6 missiles outside the earth's atmosphere. The missiles are then to be directed from the separate 5N20 Don-2N radar complex (NATO code name: “Pill Box”). The task of the smaller 53T6 missiles is to combat those warheads that were not destroyed by the 51T6 missiles and that have already entered the earth's atmosphere . Since there is only a very small time window left for this task, a very rapidly accelerating missile is required which can embark on an intercepting course towards the re-entry vehicle at high speed. The target's warhead is then supposed to be destroyed by the nuclear warhead of the 53T6 missile.

The 53T6 missiles are similar to the US sprint missiles .

technology

5T92 transporter, the missile is in the cylindrical object on the truck.

The 53T6 missile is based on the 5Ja26 (PRS-1) missile which was developed for the never-completed S-225 missile defense system. The 53T6 missile is a two-stage missile and has the shape of a cone that tapers at an acute angle . The rocket fuselage was made of composite materials and titanium alloys . The rockets are delivered from the manufacturing plant in sealed transport and launch containers that protect them from the effects of the weather. These are transported with special 5T92 trucks based on the MAZ-543M (8 × 8). The rockets and the launch container are lowered vertically into the rocket silo , where they can remain stationed for a maximum of 10 years. The silo is equipped with a quick release system to enable the rocket to be launched quickly. A special reloading system should ensure that another rocket can be launched from the same silo within two hours. The 53T6 missile from a driven 5S73 - solid-fuel rocket the company OKB Soyuz . A high-energy fuel is used which gives the rocket engine a very high specific impulse . The rocket is launched directly from the rocket silo and the engine is ignited in the silo. The enormous thrust accelerates the rocket to its top speed of around Mach  16 within 3–4 seconds. The rocket is accelerated by up to 210  g . At the maximum possible transverse of 70 °, the rocket experiences a transverse load of up to 90  g . The vertical range of use of the missile is 5 to 30 km with a horizontal range of use of 20.8 to 100 km. The rocket reaches the maximum operational altitude of 30 km within around 6 seconds. When flying through the earth's atmosphere at hypersonic speed , a very high level of frictional heat arises on the rocket surface and makes a heat coating necessary, especially on the rocket tip. Quartz ceramics are said to have been used for these . The 53T6 missile does not have an on-board seeker head . The missile's interception course is monitored by the 5N20 Don-2N radar complex and course corrections are transmitted to the missile via a data link . The 53T6 missile has no control surfaces. The direction of the rocket is controlled in the first flight phase by injection nozzles in the rocket engine, which inject inert gas (presumably liquid Freon ) into the thrust jet. In the second flight phase, after the first rocket stage has been blown off, control nozzles are used for lateral thrust control . These are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and tangential to the circumference of the missile. The AA-84 nuclear warhead with an explosive force of 10  kT is used as the warhead of the 53T6 missile . With this, the targeted reentry bodies should either be destroyed by the detonation wave or the fissile material in the warheads should be rapidly heated and melted by the neutron flux generated .

status

With the retirement of the long-range 51T6 missiles in 2006, the A-135 system only has the short-range 53T6 missiles. A total of 68 53T6 missiles are stationed at five locations in the greater Moscow area. The respective locations have 12 or 16 missile silos.

Since 2011, NPO Nowator has been working on a modernized version of the 53T6. The new missile is called 53T6M (PRS-1M). It should have an improved engine, an increased range and new electronics. Furthermore, the 53T6M missile should be able to be equipped with a conventional fragmentation warhead instead of the nuclear warhead. The first test launch of this modernized missile took place in December 2011 at the Sary Shagan -Testgelände in Kazakhstan . After the test series was initially shot down in November 2017, it is not known whether these modernized missiles were also used in the armed forces of Russia .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Russia’s ASAT development takes aim at LEO assets. In: janes.com. Jane's Intelligence Review, accessed January 6, 2020 .
  2. ↑ A-135 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g ПРОТИВОРАКЕТНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС А-135 «АМУР» (5Ж60). In: bastion-karpenko.ru. НЕВСКИЙ БАСТИОН, accessed January 6, 2020 (Russian).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Museum of Strategic Rocket Forces Pobuzke - 53T6 Display. In: bigstockphoto.com. Sergey-USSR, May 14, 2019, accessed December 13, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Система А-135 Амур, ракета 53Т6 - ABM-3 GAZELLE. In: militaryrussia.ru. Military Russia, accessed December 13, 2019 (in Russian).
  6. ^ Sean O'Connor: Russian / Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems . December 12, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Противоракета ПРС-1 / 53Т6 комплекса ПРО А-135 / РТЦ-181 "Амур" / 5Ж60. In: rbase.new-factoria.ru. Retrieved January 6, 2020 (Russian).
  8. ↑ International Institute for Strategic Studies: The Military Balance 2018 . P. 193.
  9. ↑ 53T6 SH-08 Gazelle Moscow System (English)
  10. ↑ Nationalinterest.org: Russia Just Tested a New Interceptor for Its Anti-Ballistic Missile Defense System (English)