Aammiq II

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Aamiq ( Aammiq II , Arabic عميق (ب -غ), DMG Aamiq 2 ) is an archaeological excavation site southwest of Zahlé in the area of ​​the Aammiq swamp in the Bekaa plain in Lebanon .

The first excavations were carried out in 1963 by Jacques Cauvin . Further excavations followed in 1964 (M. Cavalier), 1965 ( Lorraine Copeland , Peter Wescombe) and 1971 (Jacques Besançon, Francis Hours ).

The excavations revealed two periods of settlement: The first was Natufian (12,000-10,200 BC) or pre-ceramic Neolithic . A skeleton covered in red ocher was found, along with simple agricultural tools: mortars, grinders, and basalt pounders . Moreover were flint -Tools discovered from older layers, including wedges, blades, scrapers, and awls . A second settlement horizon was around 5,000-4,500 BC. Chr. ( Obed ) calibrated. This corresponds to the late Neolithic Byblos . Chalcolithic ceramics were found there, as well as stone tools such as Canaanite blades, axes, adzes (long, polished, flat-convex flint picks), many large splinters, blades and sickle parts. The fragment of an arrow is the only trace of human settlement between the two periods. A Copper Age settlement later took place at another point in the swamp, near Mallaha .

The evaluation of a pollen analysis from 2008 supports the assumption that the area was used as grazing land in the Neolithic, at a time when Lebanon and anti-Lebanon were being cleared. Gigantolithic tools from Kamed el Loz I , Souwan and Wadi Msı'l el Hadd also date from this time . A special version of the stone tools, the so-called orange carving blades , were found in Majdel Anjar I , Dakwe I and II, Habarjer III , Qaraoun I and II, Kefraya and Beı'dar Chamou't .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Francis Hours: Atlas des sites du proche orient (14000-5700 BP). Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée , 1994, ISBN 978-2-903264-53-6 , pp. 33-34 ( online ).
  2. ^ Francis Hours, Lorraine Copeland , Olivier Aurenche: Les industries paléolithiques du Proche Orient, essai de correlation. IV. Épipaléolithique , in: L'Anthropologie 77 (1973) 437-496.
  3. ↑ Lorraine Copeland, PJ Wescombe: Inventory of Stone Age Sites in Lebanon I & II. In: Mélanges de l'Université Saint Joseph , numbers 41/2 & 42/1, 1965/1966.
  4. ↑ Lorraine Copeland: Natufian Sites in Lebanon , in: Ofer Bar-Yosef , François R. Valla (eds.): The Natufian Culture in the Levant , Ann Arbor (Michigan) 1991, pp. 27-42.
  5. ↑ L. Hajar, Maya Haïdar-Boustani, C. Khater, R. Cheddadi: Environmental changes in Lebanon during the Holocene: Man vs. climate impacts. In: Journal of Arid Environments XXX (2009) 1-10 ( PDF ).

Web links

Coordinates: 33 ° 43 ′ 53.2 "  N , 35 ° 47 ′ 20.3"  E