Abū Lubāba

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Abū Lubāba ibn ʿAbd al-Mundhir ( Arabic أبو لبابة بن عبد المنذر, DMG Abū Lubāba ibn ʿAbd al-Munḏir ) was a member of the Yathrib (Medina) Arab tribe of the Amr ibn Auf , in the tribal association of the Banu Aus , at the time of Muhammad .

His identity

According to a brief remark made by Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr after Ibn Ishāq , he is said to have been one of the twelve Nuqaba '(leaders) at the second homage to Aqaba; there he is given by his full name: Rifa'a ibn 'Abd al-Mundhir.

Al-Baladhuri reports in his genealogical work that Abu Lubaba was a son of Mundhir - not: 'Abd al-Mundhir - with the name Zaid, was a slave of the Banu Quraiza and was ransomed by Mohammed. In other sources of Islamic historiography it bears the names Baschir / Buschair and Rifa'a or Mubashschir. Because 'Abd al-Mundhir is said to have had three sons with these names. Buschair / Abu Lubaba participated in the Battle of Badr , the Battle of Uhud, the Battle of Sawiq and the siege of the Banu Qainuqa ; According to some reports, he also fought at Badr. Buschair / Abu Lubaba ibn al-Mundhir had a daughter: Lubaba, who was married to Zaid, the brother of the later caliphs ʿUmar ibn al-Chattāb .

Abu Lubaba and the Banu Quraiza

Abu Lubaba is mentioned by Ibn Ishaq when, after the battle of the trenches , when Mohammed and the tribes of Medina under him, who were besieging Banu Quraiza, were called by them to negotiate. Before Muhammad's arrival in Medina, the Banu Aus were allies of the Jewish Banu Quraiza, which is why, as Ibn Ishaq reports, they trusted him. According to Ibn Ishaq, when asked by the Jews whether they should submit to Muhammad's judgment, Abu Lubaba replied "yes" and at the same time pointed to his throat, indicating that they would then be killed, which they would later be happened.

On the way back, Abu Lubaba regretted betraying Muhammad's plan and therefore tied himself to a pillar in a mosque to stay until God has forgiven him. On the way to the morning prayer he was then freed by Mohammed, which Abu Lubaba interpreted as God's forgiveness. That morning the Banu Quraiza also surrendered, which ended with the death of all men and the enslavement of women and children. The theologian and legal scholar Ibn al-Jschauzī († 1200) reports that ten other people who remained from the expedition to Tabuk had tied themselves to the pillars; Sura 9, verse 102 is said to have been revealed about these persons.

Abu Lubaba and the "Mosque of the Chicane"

With the Amr Ibn Auf and the Banu Aus of Medina, he is said to have promoted the construction of the mosque of the Medinan opposition of Mohammed, the so-called "Mosque of the chicane" - see sura 9, verse 107 - by providing timber. After the place of worship was destroyed on the orders of the Prophet, Abu Lubaba built his own house nearby and used the same wood material. However, a curse hung over the house: no child was born in it, says Ibn Hisham . According to some reports, Abu Lubaba belonged to the opposition of Mohammed, who stayed behind from the expedition to Tabuk, on the border of the Byzantine Empire , and built the "Mosque of the chicane" in Mohammed's absence, although his name was controversial (see above) . The maghazi author al-Wāqidī emphasizes, however, that Abu Lubaba, in contrast to the other builders of the mosque, did not belong to the so-called "hypocrites" of the opposition of Muhammad.

literature

  • Ibn Ishaq, Gernot Rotter (translator): The life of the prophet. As-Sira An-Nabawiya . Spohr, Kandern in the Black Forest 1999, ISBN 3-927606-22-7
  • Moshe Gil : The Medinan opposition to the Prophet . In: Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam (JSAI), 10 (1987), pp. 68-71, 83-84
  • Michael Lecker: Muslims, Jews & Pagans. Studies on Early Islamic Medina. Brill. Leiden 1995, ISBN 90-04-10247-7
  • W. Montgomery Watt: Muhammad at Medina . Oxford 1972.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See the lists of names and their analysis: Gertrud Mélamède: The meetings at al-'Akaba . In: Le Monde Orientale 28 (1934), pp. 17-58; esp. pp. 36-37. Reprinted in: Uri Rubin (Ed.): The Life of Muḥammad . Ashgate, Aldeshot 1998, pp. 124-125
  2. ^ Moshe Gil (1987). P. 83
  3. ^ Moshe Gil (1987). Pp. 83-84
  4. ^ Moshe Gil (1987). P. 84
  5. ↑ W. Montgomery Watt (1972), pp. 188-190; see also Ibn Sa'd: Biographies of Muhammad (ed. Josef Horovitz ), Vol. III. Part 2. S. XIX (summary in German)
  6. ↑ The Life of the Prophet. From the Arabic by Gernot Rotter . Kandern 2004, p. 178 ff.
  7. ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, suffering. Vol. 3, p. 751
  8. ^ Moshe Gil (1987). P. 68; Rudi Paret: The Koran. Commentary and Concordance . Kohlhammer. Stuttgart 1980. p. 212.
  9. ^ Moshe Gil (1987). Pp. 71-72
  10. ^ Moshe Gil (1987). Pp. 68-69
  11. ↑ M. Lecker (1995), pp. 11–118 after al-Waqidi and note 145
personal data
SURNAME Abū Lubāba
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Abū Lubāba ibn ʿAbd al-Mundhir (full name); أبو لبابة بن عبد المنذر (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Nuqaba (leader) of Medina, under the command of Mohammed, one of 12
DATE OF BIRTH 6th century or 7th century
DATE OF DEATH 6th century or 7th century