Abū l-Aswad ad-Duʾalī

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Abū l-Aswad ad-Duʾalī ( Arabic أبو الأسود الدؤلي, Nasab ظالم بن عمرو بن سفيان بن جندل / Ẓālim b. ʿAmr b. Sufyan b. Ǧandal ; rarely also Duʾilī ; * at 603 ; † 688 in Basra at the age of 85) was an Arabic lexicographer , Koran reader and grammarian . Some sources, especially medieval Arabic writers, refer to him as the first grammarian of Arabic .

Influences and work

He essentially followed the reading of the Abū Mūsā al-Aschʿarī , as whose disciple he is sometimes referred to. Likewise, ad-Duʾalī is said to have learned from Abū n-Nujaid ʿImrān ibn al-Husain al-Chuzāʿī , Shiites also name ʿAlī ibn Abī Tālib as ad-Duʾalī's grammar teacher.

Contacts between Arabs and non-Arabs are said to have resulted in more and more grammatical errors, including among Arabs, in the 7th century. ad-Duʾalī saw this as an occasion to write a grammar in order to determine the correct use of the language - this also applied to the Koran . This new science was bare in the beginningالعربية / al-ʿarabīya  / called 'Arabic', laterالنحو / an-naḥw  / 'method, grammar'. The main concerns of ad-Duʾalīs were the lack of distinguishability of some characters ( rasm ) and the lack of characters for vocalization in the Arabic orthography of that time and also the case endings . John A. Haywood saw in ad-Duʾalī's work both a religious necessity and one for rulership. Some authors see ad-Duʾalī as the developer of the vowel points .

He was the teacher of Yahyā ibn Yaʿmar and Nasr ibn ʿĀsim al-Laithī , who both adopted and continued ad-Duʾalīs grammar and punctuation method. Nasr was sometimes even called ad-Duʾalī himself .

Away from science

ad-Duʾalī is said to have fought at the side of ʿAlī ibn Abī Tālibs at the Battle of Siffin , as whose close follower he is considered. The Arabic proverbالجار قبل الدار / al-ǧāru qabla d-dār  / 'the neighbor is coming / is in front of the house' is said to come from ad-Duʾalī, who was in dispute with a neighbor and finally sold his house.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d John A. Haywood: Arabic lexicography: its history, and its place in the general history of lexicography . Brill Archive, 1960. p. 11
  2. ↑ Sebastian Eissenhauer: Relative clauses in comparison: German - Arabic . Multilingualism, Volume 6. Waxmann Verlag, 1999. ISBN 3-89325-710-1 ; P. 23
  3. ^ Omar Hamdan: Studies on the canonization of the Koran text: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs contributions to the history of the Koran . Discourses of Arabic Studies, Volume 10. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006. ISBN 3-447-05349-6 ; P. 199
  4. ^ Omar Hamdan: Studies on the canonization of the Koran text: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs contributions to the history of the Koran . Discourses of Arabic Studies, Volume 10. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006. ISBN 3-447-05349-6 ; P. 12
  5. ^ Omar Hamdan: Studies on the canonization of the Koran text: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs contributions to the history of the Koran . Discourses of Arabic Studies, Volume 10. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006. ISBN 3-447-05349-6 ; P. 15
  6. ↑ Mahdi Alosh: Using Arabic: a guide to contemporary usage . Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-521-64832-7 ; P. 13
  7. ^ CHM Versteegh : Greek elements in Arabic linguistic thinking . Studies in Semitic Languages ​​and Linguistics, Volume 7. BRILL, 1977. ISBN 90-04-04855-3 ; P. 6
  8. ^ John A. Haywood: Arabic lexicography: its history, and its place in the general history of lexicography . Brill Archive, 1960. p. 16
  9. ↑ Thomas Patrick Hughes: A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopædia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together With the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion . Allen, 1885
  10. ↑ Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic Literature, Volume 1 . BRILL, 1997. ISBN 90-04-02007-1 ; P. 5
  11. ^ Omar Hamdan: Studies on the canonization of the Koran text: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs contributions to the history of the Koran . Discourses of Arabic Studies, Volume 10. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006. ISBN 3-447-05349-6 ; P. 143f
  12. ^ John A. Haywood: Arabic lexicography: its history, and its place in the general history of lexicography . Brill Archive, 1960. pp. 14f
personal data
SURNAME Abū l-Aswad ad-Duʾalī
ALTERNATIVE NAMES أبو الأسود الدؤلي (Arabic); ظالم بن عمرو بن سفيان بن جندل (Arabic, Nasab)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Arabic lexicographer, Koran reader and grammarian
DATE OF BIRTH at 603
DATE OF DEATH 688
Place of death Basra