Abdera flexuosa
| Abdera flexuosa | ||||||||||||
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Abdera flexuosa |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Abdera flexuosa | ||||||||||||
| ( Paykull , 1799) |
Abdera flexuosa is a beetle from the family of the gloomy beetle . The genus Abdera is represented in Europe with three subgenera and four species . The species Abdera flexuosa belongs to the subgenus Caridua .
The species is classified as endangered in Bavaria's Red List of Endangered Beetles. The beetle is also listed as endangered in Upper Austria. Protective measures are proposed there in a pilot project.
Comment on the name
Abdera flexuosa was first described by Paykull in 1799 under the name Hallominus flexuosa . In the same year Panzer described the same Beetle under the name Hallomenus undata . The description of the beetle by Paykull contains the sentence: Elytra ... fasciis duabus flexuosis angulatis ( lat. The wing-coverts ... with two angularly curved bands ) this explains the species name flexuōsus (lat. Curved). The species name given by Panzer undātus (Latin: wavy) also refers to the shape of the bands on the wing covers. The generic name Abdēra goes back to Stephens . The name has no relation to characteristics of the beetle.
Properties of the beetle
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| Fig. 1: Top view | Fig. 2: underside |
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| Fig. 3: Color variant | Fig. 4: side view |
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| Fig. 5: Front view | |
 
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| Fig. 6: left anterior tarsus , right hind tarsus 1,2, ... numbers of the tarsal links arrowheads on the terminal spines of the splints |
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| Fig. 7: Left anterior hip cavities marked in green |
Fig. 8: Edge of the pronotum |
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Fig. 9: Head from the side, right sensor guide tinted lavender: Sensor groove blue arrow on the end link of the jaw probe green arrow on the end pin of the front rail |
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| Fig. 10 Perris larva 473 top view, 475 lower jaw with feeler, 476 lower lip with feeler, 477 upper jaw, 478 upper jaw laterally, 479 individual eyes, 480 antennae |
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The beetle, about three millimeters long, is elongated oval and arched in cross section. It is red-yellow with dark markings. The upper side is hairy inconspicuously lying down.
The head is black, sometimes brown at the front end. It is small and retracted into the pronotum. Part of the parting is just visible from above. The head is very finely dotted . The eyes are wider than they are long, on their front edge there is a narrow, shiny antennae for inserting the first antennae (tinted pink in Fig. 9). The eleven-link antennae (best visible in Fig. 5) are mostly black, the base links and the end link brown. The antennae are cord-shaped, only slightly thickened towards the tip and significantly longer than the head and pronotum combined. The antennae are conical, the third antennae is almost twice as long as the second and hardly longer than the fourth. The upper jaw has two pointed ends. The terminal phalanx of the four-part jaw probe (blue arrowhead in Fig. 9) is very short, knife-shaped and wider than the preceding phalanx.
The pronotum has a very fine edge at the base. The edge is sharp on the side, but disappears in the first third (Fig. 8). The pronotum is very finely dotted. The front angles are completely rounded, the rear angles are broadly rounded. The pronotum is about 1.5 times as wide as it is long and widest close to the base. The base is almost straight. A wide, dark transverse band runs across the middle of the pronotum that does not reach the side edges of the pronotum.
The label is very short and rounded at the back.
The elytra are clearly dotted, but without dots arranged in rows. Two narrow, strongly wavy serrated cross bars run over the wing covers.
The legs are thin. All splints end with two inconspicuous end spikes (green arrowheads in Fig. 6 and 9). The hind tarsi are four-limbed, the remaining five-limbed (Fig. 6). The front hips touch each other (the front hip cavities are not completely separated from each other laterally, Fig. 7), the middle hips are separated from each other by an extension of the front chest (clearly visible in Fig. 2). The penultimate tarsal link ends with two lobes, also on the hind leg. The 1st limb of the hind tarsi is longer than the following limbs combined (Fig. 6 right).
All segments of the abdomen are laterally edged, but the last only at the base.
larva
In the last stage, the larva (Fig. 10, Fig. 483-480) reaches a length of seven to eight millimeters with a width of a good one millimeter. It's white, soft, and meaty. The body has wart-like structures that are used next to the legs for locomotion. Erichson calls them 'climbing bowls', today they are called 'creeping bulges'. On the upper side, according to Perris, from the middle breast segment to the eighth abdominal segment, a wide creeping bulge is formed, narrowed in the middle (according to the drawing by Perris and Schiödte, creeping bulges are only formed up to the seventh abdominal segment, and Schiödte also sees each wide creeping bulge as two separate beads on). On the underside there is a creeping bulge on the first to eighth abdominal segments. The larva is bald except for a few short hairs. In plan view it is elongated elliptical with the greatest width approximately in the middle.
The reddish head is slightly flattened, weakly chitinated and slightly retracted into the 1st breast section. The strong upper jaws are black at the tip, from the side they appear double-pointed (Fig. 478), when viewed from above they end in a point (Fig. 477). The lower jaws (Fig. 475) are strong, the long flap extends to the tip of the second link of the three-part jaw probe and has two bristle hairs of different lengths at the tip. The lower lip (Fig. 476) is longer than it is broad, with strongly rounded front corners. The lip buttons consist of two links of equal length. The feelers (Fig. 480) are four-parted, the two base parts of the same length, but the first part much thicker than the second. The third link is significantly longer and slimmer than the second, the end link a little shorter and slimmer than the third link. On each side of the head under the antennae lie three individual eyes arranged in a slightly curved line (Fig. 479). A V-shaped furrow runs on the head.
The three chest sections each carry a pair of legs. The five-limbed legs are so long that they protrude slightly to the side. They end with a reddish claw.
The abdomen is nine-segment. The last segment is rounded and not divided. It has a double-lobed bulge on the underside, in the middle of which the digestive tract opens.
biology
The beetle lives and develops in tree sponges in moist deciduous forests, such as swamp forests and near waterways. It feeds on fungal hyphae, preferably on the Alder Schillerporling ( Inonotus radiatus ) and the common fire sponge ( Phellinus ignarius ). The larva, however, was first described in France in 1857, where it can be found in the pine fire sponge ( Porodaedalea pini , formerly Phellinus pini and Polyporus pini ), which parasitizes the maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster ). In Ireland the species was found on the Alder-Schillerporling, the Pine-Fire Sponge and on Inonotus dryadeus on oak. In an investigation of the attractiveness of various tree sponges in Northern Norway, Abdera flexuosa showed a clear preference for species of the genus Phellinus over the tinder sponge .
The beetle was found in the Bavarian Forest National Park at altitudes below 700 m to between 1300 and 1400 m.
On the maritime pines in France, the beetle appears during the day in April and May. The beetles can be found in Central Europe from May to July.
The larva eats its way through the mushroom body in irregular passages. With the help of the legs and the calluses on the body, she can move around them easily. Shortly before pupation, the larva approaches the surface of the fungus until it is only a few millimeters away from it. At the end of the corridor, it is extended to a doll's cradle. In this the moulting takes place to the pupa. The pupal stage lasts eight to ten days. The fully developed beetle leaves the fungus through a round hole the diameter of the cross-section of the body. Mating takes place on or near the host mushrooms. It takes about an hour. After mating, the female lays the eggs with the laying apparatus in the upper layers of the fungus. The larvae hatch after a short time, overwinter and develop into a finished insect in around 11 months.
distribution
The species is native to almost all of Central and Northern Europe. It is also known from northern Italy and the north of the Iberian Peninsula . The beetle has also been reported from Iran .
literature
- Heinz joy , Karl Wilhelm Harde , Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 8 . Teredilia Heteromera Lamellicornia . Elsevier, Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1969, ISBN 3-8274-0682-X . P. 205
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 323
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Abdera flexuosa at Fauna Europaea, accessed on June 25, 2020
- ↑ Heinz Bußer u. a: Red list of endangered Heteromera (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidea) and Teredilia (Coleoptera: Bostrichoidea) Bavaria p. 143 / p. 4th
- ↑ Pilot project: Basics for the protection of selected groups of insects in Upper Austria on behalf of the Department of Nature Conservation of the State of Upper Austria, responsible for Dr. Martin Schwarz, November 2008 p. 43
- ^ Gustav Paykull: Fauna Svecica - Insecta Volume II Uppsalla 1799 p. 182 No. V: Hallominus fasciatus
- ↑ Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer: Fauna insectorum Germanicae initia, or, Deutschlands Insekten 1799 Volume 12 Issue 68 No. 23 Hallomenus undatus with picture
- ↑ James Francis Stephens: Illustration of British Entomologie Mandibulata Vol. 5, London 1832 p. 37 genus Abdera
- ↑ a b c d Édouard Perris: Histoire des Insectes du Pin maritime (Suite 1) in Annales de la Société Éntomologique de France 3rd series, 5th volume, Paris 1857 p. 341 ff. Illustrations plate 9 Larve Abdera flexuosa , Larve Abdera flexuosa , description p. 378
- ↑ Abdera flexuosa in coleo-net
- ↑ a b W. F. Erichson et al .: Natural history of Germany's insects - Coleoptera 5th volume 2nd half, Berlin 1896 Abdera flexuosa p. 525 , p. 518 climbing bowl
- ↑ Description of the larva of Abdera flexuosa p. 578 , panel XVIII Fig. 6 - 13 , description of the illustrations for the larva on panel VIII
- ^ Keith NA Alexander, Roy Anderson2: The beetles of decaying wood in Ireland. A provisional annotated checklist of saproxylic Coleoptera. in Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 65 National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Dublin, Ireland. P. 90 / P. 95
- ↑ Olberg, Stefan; Andersen, Johan: Field Attraction of Beetles (Coleoptera) to the Polypores Fomes fomentarius and Phellinus spp (Fungi: Aphyllophorales) in Northern Norway in Entomologia Generalis Vol 24, No. 4, 2000 pp. 217 - 236 DOI: 10.1127 / entom.gen / 24/2000/217 Summery
- ↑ Michael Andreas Fritsche u. a: The species in the Bavarian Forest National Park - beetles at researchgate p. 171 (24 of 30)
- ↑ JI Recalde Irurzun, I. Pérez-Moreno: Elementos para el conocimiento de los Melándridos y Tetratómidos del norte de España y actualización del catálogo de especies ibéricas (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Melandryidae, Tetratomomolagied SEA Entagomidae) in Boletín Aradomidae) nº 49 (31/12/2011): p. 309-319 p. 311 / p. 3
- ↑ NAJMEH SAMIN et al: New records and new distributional data of beetles of Iran (Insecta, Coleoptera) Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 42 (3-4): 259-274, 26-12-2018 p. 267 / p. 9 Abdera flexuosa
