Phellinus

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fire sponges
Common fire sponge (Phellinus igniarius)

Common fire sponge ( Phellinus igniarius )

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Bristle disks (Hymenochaetales)
Family : Bristle disk relatives (Hymenochaetaceae)
Genre : Fire sponges
Scientific name
Phellinus
Quélet

The fire sponges ( Phellinus ) are a genus of fungus from the family of the bristle disk relatives (Hymenochaetaceae). From the genus Phellinus s. st. Several genera were split off, which are also referred to as fire sponges due to the lack of a common name of their own .

The type species is the common fire sponge ( Phellinus igniarius ).

features

Macroscopic features

Phellinus species form perennial, console-shaped to crust-shaped fruit bodies with a pore-shaped, mostly brown fruit layer, the tubes of which are layered and which often have a hard crust. The pores of the fruiting bodies are small and narrow. The trama of the fruiting bodies is hard, brown and dry, with KOH it turns black.

Microscopic features

They have a dimitic hyphae structure , with generative hyphae being cylindrical, thin-walled and colorless to yellowish. The skeletal hyphae are thick-walled, yellow-brown and hardly branched. Buckles are missing, in the fruit layer there are mostly brown, conical-apically pointed setae . The basidia are short, ellipsoidal-clubbed, colorless and four-pore, a basal buckle is missing. The spores of the fire sponges are spherical or elliptical to cylindrical and smooth; they can be thin or thick-walled and are inamyloid (with iodine reagent they do not turn blue).

ecology

Phellinus species are parasitic, often very host-specific wood dwellers that produce white rot in the affected wood . After the host has died, they can continue to live saprobionic on the substrate for some time .

species

There are around 180 species worldwide in the broader sense. For Europe, the following species are specified or are to be expected there:

Fire sponges in the narrower sense ( Phellinus s. Str.) In Europe
German name Scientific name Author quote
Shell-shaped fire sponge Phellinus conchatus (Persoon 1796: Frieze 1821) Quélet 1886
Common fire sponge Phellinus igniarius (Linnaeus 1753: Fries 1821) Quélet 1886 s. st.
Alder fire sponge Phellinus igniarius var.  Alni (Bondartsev 1912) Niemelä 1975
Gray fire sponge Phellinus igniarius var.  Cinereus Niemelae 1975
Juniper fire sponge Phellinus juniperinus Bernicchia & S. Curreli 1990
Birch fire sponge Phellinus laevigatus (Frieze 1874) Bourdot & Galzin 1928
Console birch fire sponge Phellinus lundellii Niemelae 1972
Black birch fire sponge Phellinus nigricans (Fries 1821: Fries 1821) P. Karsten 1899
Poplar fire sponge Phellinus populicola Niemelae 1975
Buckthorn fire sponge Phellinus rhamni (Bondartseva 1960) H. Jahn 1967
Aspen fire sponge Phellinus tremulae (Bondartsev 1912) Bondartsev & PN Borisov 1953
Plum fire sponge Phellinus tuberculosus (Baumgarten 1790) Niemelä 1982

Systematics

The fire sponges form a multitude of morphologically difficult to distinguish species, some of which are only separated by the choice of substrate. The species delimitation and naming is therefore controversial and in flux. The fire sponges are closely related to the Schillerporlingen , which form annual fruiting bodies with a monomitic hyphae structure. Some studies indicate that the two genera cannot be separated from one another and that they are either to be grouped together in a common genus Phellinus in the broader sense or to be split up into several smaller genera. The satellite genera are Fomitiporella , Fomitiporia , Fuscoporia , Phellinidium , Phellopilus , Phylloporia and Porodaedalea .

Naming

The name "fire sponges" comes from the fact that the fruiting bodies glow for a very long time after contact with fire or sparks and thus enable a fire to be easily rekindled. " Phellinus " can be translated as "similar to cork".

meaning

Some Phellinus species are harmful as parasites on fruit or park trees; As edible mushrooms, they are out of the question due to their tough, cork-like consistency.

The mushroom with the largest known fruiting body is a fire sponge of the species Phellinus ellipsoideus , which was found in 2010 in the Chinese province of Hainan . The fruiting body was 10.85 meters long, 82 to 88 inches wide and 4.6 to 5.5 inches thick. Investigations into the density of the mushroom showed that the entire fruiting body weighed 400 to 500 kilograms. Its age was estimated to be around 20 years.

swell

literature

  • Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. Volume 2. Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, 2007, ISSN  0932-920X (301 pages; directory of the color images of almost all large European mushrooms (> 5 mm) incl. CD with over 600 species descriptions).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Phellinus . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
  2. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: Update No. 102: Peziza and a few small agaric species. In: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. August 30, 2011, accessed August 30, 2011 .
  3. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Fomitiporella . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
  4. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Fomitiporia . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 1, 2011 .
  5. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Fuscoporia . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
  6. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Phellinidium . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
  7. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Phellopilus . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
  8. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Phylloporia . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
  9. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Porodaedalea . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
  10. ↑ Hieronymus Ludwig Wilhelm Völker: Manual of Forest Technology: a guide to the appropriate technical utilization and use of the various forest products: for foresters, farmers, architects, technicians and camera operators . Baumgärtner, 1836, p. 222.
  11. ↑ Scientific names of mushrooms. Retrieved May 11, 2020 .
  12. ^ Giant fungus discovered in China. AsianScientist.

Web links

Commons : Phellinus  - collection of images, videos and audio files