Phellinus
Fire sponges | ||||||||||||
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Common fire sponge ( Phellinus igniarius ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Phellinus | ||||||||||||
Quélet |
The fire sponges ( Phellinus ) are a genus of fungus from the family of the bristle disk relatives (Hymenochaetaceae). From the genus Phellinus s. st. Several genera were split off, which are also referred to as fire sponges due to the lack of a common name of their own .
The type species is the common fire sponge ( Phellinus igniarius ).
features
Macroscopic features
Phellinus species form perennial, console-shaped to crust-shaped fruit bodies with a pore-shaped, mostly brown fruit layer, the tubes of which are layered and which often have a hard crust. The pores of the fruiting bodies are small and narrow. The trama of the fruiting bodies is hard, brown and dry, with KOH it turns black.
Microscopic features
They have a dimitic hyphae structure , with generative hyphae being cylindrical, thin-walled and colorless to yellowish. The skeletal hyphae are thick-walled, yellow-brown and hardly branched. Buckles are missing, in the fruit layer there are mostly brown, conical-apically pointed setae . The basidia are short, ellipsoidal-clubbed, colorless and four-pore, a basal buckle is missing. The spores of the fire sponges are spherical or elliptical to cylindrical and smooth; they can be thin or thick-walled and are inamyloid (with iodine reagent they do not turn blue).
ecology
Phellinus species are parasitic, often very host-specific wood dwellers that produce white rot in the affected wood . After the host has died, they can continue to live saprobionic on the substrate for some time .
species
There are around 180 species worldwide in the broader sense. For Europe, the following species are specified or are to be expected there:
Fire sponges in the narrower sense ( Phellinus s. Str.) In Europe |
Shell-shaped fire sponge
Phellinus conchatusBlack birch fire sponge
Phellinus nigricansPoplar fire sponge
Phellinus populicolaAspen fire sponge
Phellinus tremulaePlum fire sponge
Phellinus tuberculosus
Systematics
The fire sponges form a multitude of morphologically difficult to distinguish species, some of which are only separated by the choice of substrate. The species delimitation and naming is therefore controversial and in flux. The fire sponges are closely related to the Schillerporlingen , which form annual fruiting bodies with a monomitic hyphae structure. Some studies indicate that the two genera cannot be separated from one another and that they are either to be grouped together in a common genus Phellinus in the broader sense or to be split up into several smaller genera. The satellite genera are Fomitiporella , Fomitiporia , Fuscoporia , Phellinidium , Phellopilus , Phylloporia and Porodaedalea .
Naming
The name "fire sponges" comes from the fact that the fruiting bodies glow for a very long time after contact with fire or sparks and thus enable a fire to be easily rekindled. " Phellinus " can be translated as "similar to cork".
meaning
Some Phellinus species are harmful as parasites on fruit or park trees; As edible mushrooms, they are out of the question due to their tough, cork-like consistency.
The mushroom with the largest known fruiting body is a fire sponge of the species Phellinus ellipsoideus , which was found in 2010 in the Chinese province of Hainan . The fruiting body was 10.85 meters long, 82 to 88 inches wide and 4.6 to 5.5 inches thick. Investigations into the density of the mushroom showed that the entire fruiting body weighed 400 to 500 kilograms. Its age was estimated to be around 20 years.
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
- Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. Volume 2. Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, 2007, ISSN 0932-920X (301 pages; directory of the color images of almost all large European mushrooms (> 5 mm) incl. CD with over 600 species descriptions).
- Andreas Bresinsky : About fire sponges and Schillerporlingen . In: The Tintling . tape 54 (1) . Karin Monday, 2008, ISSN 1430-595X , p. 4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Phellinus . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: Update No. 102: Peziza and a few small agaric species. In: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. August 30, 2011, accessed August 30, 2011 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Fomitiporella . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Fomitiporia . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 1, 2011 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Fuscoporia . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Phellinidium . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Phellopilus . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Phylloporia . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Porodaedalea . In: fungiworld.com . Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
- ↑ Hieronymus Ludwig Wilhelm Völker: Manual of Forest Technology: a guide to the appropriate technical utilization and use of the various forest products: for foresters, farmers, architects, technicians and camera operators . Baumgärtner, 1836, p. 222.
- ↑ Scientific names of mushrooms. Retrieved May 11, 2020 .
- ^ Giant fungus discovered in China. AsianScientist.