Eight-spotted eyebrow
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Eight-spotted eyebrow |
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| Mesosa curculionoides | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1761) |
The Achtfleckige eyes Bock also Big eyespot Bock or only eyespot Bock called ( Mesosa curculionoides ) is a beetle from the family of the longhorn beetle and the subfamily Lamiinae .
The species name curculionoides means "weevil-like" and expresses that the body does not have the usual slim shape of longhorn beetles, but rather shows the compact shape that is often found in weevils. In Europe, the genus Mesosa is represented by three species , of which in Central Europe, in addition to the eight-spotted eye-bock, the banded eye-bog ( Mesosa nebulosa ) is also represented.
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| Fig. 1: Top view, male | Fig. 2: Head from the front |
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| Fig. 3: Bottom | Fig. 4: Side view, female |
Characteristics of the beetle
The short and wide beetle grows ten to seventeen millimeters long. The fine gray basic hair is interrupted by conspicuous eye spots and individual yellow-brown tufts of hair. The black base color can emerge in chafed areas.
The head is directed downwards perpendicular to the body axis, the mouthparts point downwards. Lip and jaw sensors have a spindle-shaped end link (Fig. 2). The oval eyes, which are seated on the sides, are deeply bulged at the front and partially encompass the point where the antennae deflect; Seen from the front, part of the eye is visible both below and above the antenna deflection (Fig. 2). The eleven-link thread-like antennae are slightly longer than the body of the female (Fig. 4), while the male is significantly longer than the body (Fig. 1). They are hairy long on the underside.
The pronotum is wider than it is long, in front as wide as the end of the head, it widens only a little towards the back, the greatest width it shows in the last third. At the rear edge it is significantly narrower than the two elytra together. It has four large circular dark spots that are lined with yellow. At the top, two spots lie directly behind each other and together take up almost the entire length of the pronotum. The spots on one side are separated from the spots on the other side by about the diameter of a spot. The pronotum is wrinkled and can have inconspicuous bumps.
The elytra are hardly twice as long as together wide. Behind the clear shoulders, they run almost parallel. In the end, they are rounded together. Increasing the four spots on the pronotum to eight there are two more spots on each wing cover. Usually there is a large, round spot in the back third of the wing-cover and a smaller spot slightly outwardly just before the middle of the wing-cover. The front spot is very variable in shape (Fig. 4) and can also be missing. Other small spots may be visible between the large spots and simulate a transverse band (Fig. 1). The yellow hair forms blurred spots and lines.
The legs are strong. The middle of the legs are somewhat thickened. They are irregularly curled because of their yellow hair. The front rails have a curved inner groove on the inside. The tarsi are apparently four-limbed because the very small fourth limb in front of the claw limb is hidden in the bulge of the third limb. The claws are undivided.
biology
The beetles can be found from May to September, mostly on dry branches of various deciduous trees in primeval deciduous forests with a high proportion of dead wood , also in brushwood piles . Host plants are mainly oak , linden , elm , nut trees, but also numerous others. The polyphagous species develops in dry branches over eight centimeters thick that are on the ground or still on the tree. In Spain , on the other hand, it is reported that the beetle hatched from three centimeters thick arid branch of Prunus lusitanica .
The larvae feed especially on trees with thick bark in the bark layer, or directly under the bark in the bast layer . The development takes two to three years in Norway . The beetles are crepuscular and nocturnal. Adult animals have been observed eating the wood-decomposing fungus Schizophyllum commune on linden trees .
protection
The species is a jungle relic and is rare in most of its range. It is a specially protected species in Germany under the Federal Nature Conservation Act of July 29, 2009. It is also subject to species protection in Switzerland and parts of Austria .
distribution
The distribution area of the species extends from North Africa to southern Northern Europe and from the Atlantic coast from Portugal to the Urals . In Northern Europe the species occurs only very scattered in the south of Sweden and Norway . There are no reports from Great Britain , the Netherlands or Poland .
literature
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966).
- Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Mesosa curculionoides in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 22, 2012
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ^ Mesosa at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 22, 2012
- ↑ Klaus Koch : The beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 .
- ↑ a b Adolf Horion : Faunistics of the Central European Beetles, Vol. XII . Überlingen-Bodensee 1974
- ↑ Juan J. de la Rosa: Mesosa curculionoides (Linnaeus, 1761) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): presencia en Extremadura Bol. SEA, nº 34 (2004): 220. as PF (PDF; 174 kB)
- ^ Norwegian information page of the Natural History Museum Oslo
- ↑ Karl Adlbauer: Fungivorous food intake in adults of the longhorn beetle Mesosa curculionides (L.) and - possibly - Pogonocherus ovatus (GOEZE) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) Joannea Zool. 6: 217–222 (2004) as PDF ( memento of the original from January 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Information sheet from TU Berlin
- ↑ Swiss Federal Council, Ordinance on Nature Conservation and Heritage Protection (PDF; 555 kB)
- ↑ Karl Adlbauer: Red list of longhorn beetles endangered in Styria (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). In: Monographs on nature conservation. Edition MN6, pp. 79–84, PDF (1.5 MB) on ZOBODAT
