Aequorivita

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Aequorivita
Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Bacteroidetes
Class : Flavobacteriia
Order : Flavobacteriales
Family : Flavobacteriaceae
Genre : Aequorivita
Scientific name
Aequorivita
Bowman & Nichols, 2002

Aequorivita is a genus of bacteria . It belongs to the Flavobacteriaceae family.

features

The individual species are mostly rod-shaped, with the species A. antarctica and A. sublithincola also filaments. In the species A. capsosiphonis , spiral cells were also observed.

The cells appear either singly or in pairs. The four species described first, Aequorivita antarctica , A. lipolytica , A. crocea and A. sublithincola , grow at temperatures between −2 and 25 ° C, the optimum is 20 ° C. Because of the growth that still takes place at these low temperatures, one speaks of psychroactive bacteria. The pH value for the best growth of these species is 7 - 7.5 ° C. In the species Aequorivita viscosa it is between 7 and 8.5 pH. Growth takes place between 4 and 39 ° C, the temperature optimum here is 28–32 ° C.

The colonies are orange or yellow in color, which is due to the carotenoids produced . Some species form the pigment flexirubin , such as Aequorivita aestuarii . The respective species either move gliding (so-called gliding-motility ) or are immobile. The gliding-motility can be observed , for example, with the species A. soesokkakensis . This type of movement is found in many species of the Bacteroidetes tribe . The catalase test is positive, the oxidase test is positive or negative depending on the type. The species are strictly aerobic and chemoheterotrophic , the metabolic type is respiration . The GC content in the DNA is around 37%.

Systematics

The genus Aequorivita was founded in 2002 by microbiologists John P. Bowman and David S. Nichols . It is one of the family of Flavobacteriaceae , which in turn to the bacteroidetes counts. Locations are u. a. Atlantic sea water and Antarctic sea ice. The species Aequorivita aestuarii , A. echinoideorum , A. nionensis , A. soesokkakensis and A. vladivostokensis were first listed under the genus Vitellibacter . In later investigations strong similarities with Aquorivita were found. The phenotypic characteristics were very similar and the genomic difference was very small. This led to the transfer of these species to the genus Aequorivita .

In January 2018 the following species were assigned to the genus:

ecology

The species Aequorivita antarctica , A. lipolytica and A. sublithincola tolerate low temperatures, growth was still observed at −2 ° C. They were found in the sublittoral area on the underside of semi-permeable quartz stones in Antarctica. These are biofilm-like communities dominated by cyanobacteria . The organisms are protected from extreme weather conditions by the stones, especially from freezing and drying out.

The species A. lipolytica and A. crocea were also found in an investigation of a soil sample from the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica . Extreme temperatures averaging -22 ° C per year prevail here. The area is ice-free for most of the year. The soil sample was taken in the vegetation-free soil below a dead seal in order to examine the microorganisms involved in the decomposition.

In contrast, the A. nionensis species was found in hydrothermal springs. Growth takes place at temperatures between 10 and 37 ° C, the optimum is 30 ° C.

The species A. echinoideorum was isolated from the sea ​​urchin Tripneustes gratilla , also known as Pfaffenhut sea urchin in German.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Seong Chan Park et. al: Aequorivita capsosiphonis sp. nov., isolated from the green alga Capsosiphon fulvescens, and emended description of the genus Aequorivita . In: Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2009), Volume 59, pp. 724-728 doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.004119-0
  2. ↑ a b c d Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2011, ISBN 978-0-387-95042-6 .
  3. ↑ Jin-Jin Liu et. al: Aequorivita viscosa sp. nov., isolated from an intertidal zone, and emended descriptions of Aequorivita antarctica and Aequorivita capsosiphonis . In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology , 2013, Volume 63, Number 9, pp. 3192-3196.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Richard L. Hahnke et al .: Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes In: Frontiers in Microbiology . December 20, 2016 Link
  5. ↑ Sooyeon Park, Ken-Chul Lee, Kyung Sook Bae, Jung-Hoon Yoon: Vitellibacter soesokkakensis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater spring and emended description of the genus Vitellibacter . In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . tape 64 , Pt 2, February 1, 2014, p. 588-593 , doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.056713-0 , PMID 12361255 (English).
  6. ↑ John P. Bowman, David S. Nichols: Aequorivita gen. Nov., A member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from terrestrial and marine Antarctic habitats . In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . tape 52 , Pt 5, September 1, 2002, p. 1533-1541 , doi : 10.1099 / 00207713-52-5-1533 , PMID 12361255 (English).
  7. ↑ Systematics according to JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) (as of January 26, 2018)
  8. ↑ Bhupendra V. Shravage, Kannayakanahalli M. Dayananda, Milind S. Patole and Yogesh S. Shouche: Molecular microbial diversity of a soil sample and detection of ammonia oxidizers from Cape Evans, Mcmurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica In: Microbiological Research Volume 162 (2007 ), Pp. 77-85.
  9. ↑ Raju Rajasabapathy et. al: Vitellibacter nionensis sp. nov., isolated from a shallow water hydrothermal vent In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2015), Volume 65, pp. 692-697 doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.070805-0
  10. ↑ Shih-Yao Lin et. al: Vitellibacter echinoideorum sp. nov., isolated from a sea urchin (Tripneustes gratilla) In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology , 2015, Volume = 65, pp. 2320-2325. doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.000258

Used literature

  • Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2011, ISBN 978-0-387-95042-6 .

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