Bacteroidetes

Bacteroidetes
	Bacteroides fragilis in the Gram specimen
Systematics
Classification :	Creature
Domain :	Bacteria (bacteria)
Department :	Bacteroidetes
Scientific name
	Bacteroidetes
	War 2012

The Bacteroidetes form their own strain within the domain of the bacteria . A wide variety of metabolism , ecology, and morphology are found in this phylum .

Appearance

The gram test is negative. The cells of most species are rod-shaped and do not form spores. There are aerobic , i.e. oxygen-dependent, as well as anaerobic representatives. Several types, such as B. from the class of the flavobacteria and cytophages , are motile by sliding movements .

Pathogenicity

Within the Bacteroidetes there are also some pathogenic species for animals and humans . The Flavobacteriaceae family includes: a. some species pathogenic to birds. Capnocytophaga belongs to the normal bacterial flora of humans, but can also have a pathogenic effect under certain circumstances. Also Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are opportunistic pathogens of humans. For fish are z. B. Species of Cytophaga pathogenic.

Systematics

The department includes bacteroidetes due to 16s rRNA - gene sequences of four classes that Bacteroidia , Cytophagia , Flavobacteriia and Sphingobacteria . The system in detail:

Class Bacteroidia
- Order Bacteroidales
  - Family Bacteroidaceae
  - Family Balneicellaceae
  - Lentimicrobiaceae family

Class chitinophagia

Order Chitinophagales
- Family Chitinophagaceae
- Hymenobacteraceae family

Class Cytophagia

Order Cytophagales
- Bernardetiaceae family

Class Flavobacteria

Order Flavobacteriales
- Blattabacteriaceae family

Class Saprospiria

Order Saprospirales
- Saprospiraceae family

Class Sphingobacteriia

Order Sphingobacteriales
- Filobacteriaceae family

The genera Marinifilum and Toxothrix are currently (March 18, 2017) not assigned to any class.

ecology

There are aerobic (oxygen-dependent) as well as anaerobic representatives. Some are pathogenic. The anaerobic bacteroidete z. B. the genus Bacteroides , which are the most common bacteria in the human intestine with 10 ¹¹ cells per gram. The class of Flavobacteriia includes some commensal and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. The species can be found in different habitats , e.g. B. in soil, fresh water and sea water, within different species of fish , amphibians , insects , molluscs , crustaceans and in plants. Types of Blattabacterium (Family Blattabacteriaceae ) were termites and cockroaches found. The members of the class Sphingobacteria colonize a wide range of habitats, e.g. B. Soils, groundwater, freshwater and seawater. Some psychrophilic (cold-loving) species are also present, such as B. Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Psychroflexus . Both genera belong to the Flavobacteriaceae family .

Individual evidence

↑ Systematics according to JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) (as of September 22, 2018)
↑ Katharina Munk (ed.): Pocket textbook Biology: Microbiology . Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-13-144861-3

literature

George M. Garrity : Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . Volume 5: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2011, ISBN 978-0-387-95042-6 .
Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (Eds.) The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . Volume 7, ISBN 978-0-387-33493-6

Web links

Commons : Bacteroidetes - collection of images, videos and audio files

[1] Systematics according to JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) (as of September 22, 2018)

[Munk-2] Katharina Munk (ed.): Pocket textbook Biology: Microbiology . Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-13-144861-3