Sphingobacteriaceae
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The Sphingobacteriaceae are a family of bacteria . The type genus is Sphingobacterium . They belong to the Bacteroidetes department .
features
The gram test is negative. It is rod-shaped bacteria, the size is z. B. Pedobacter and Sphingobacterium in the range 0.3-0.6 × 0.5-0.6 μm. There are no flagella , but some species can move smoothly. The colonies are usually yellowish in color after a few days. The catalase and oxidase test are positive. The phosphatase test is also positive. They are aerobic and chemo-organotrophic .
An important feature and eponymous is the formation of sphingolipids , namely sphingophospholipids and ceramides . These types of lipids are only found in a few groups of bacteria. Species that contain sphingolipids include e.g. B. to the family Sphingomonadaceae , to the Proteobacteria , and some species of the Bacteroides , which like the Sphingobacteria belong to the Bacteroidetes . The occurrence of these lipids also serves as an important distinguishing feature from the Flavobacteriaceae . Another important feature to distinguish it from the flavobacteria is the menaquinone 7.
Occurrence
They were found in the soil, compost and fresh water, among other things. Some are free-living, others are saprophytic . Different species are distributed worldwide and in different climatic conditions. B. Species of Pedobacter found in the tropics and cold regions such as the Himalayas , the Alps and Iceland .
Systematics
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum and Sphingobacterium multivorum were initially included in the genus Flavobacterium . In 1983 they were placed by Eiko Yabuuchi in the newly introduced genus Sphingobacterium , partly because of the sphingolipids they contain. The Sphingobacteriaceae family was described by Steyn et al. Introduced in 1998. Here is a list of some of the genera:
- Anseongella Siddiqi et al. 2016
- Arcticibacter Prasad et al. 2013
- Mucilaginibacter Pankratov et al. 2007
- Nubsella Asker et al. 2008
- Olivibacter Ntougias et al. 2007
- Parapedobacter Kim et al. 2007
- Pedobacter Steyn et al. 1998
- Solitalea Weon et al. 2009
- Sphingobacterium Yabuuchi et al. 1983
The generic name Pseudosphingobacterium Vaz-Moreira et al. 2007 is a synonym for the genus Olivibacter Ntougias et al. 2007
Individual evidence
- ↑ Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 457-467 (on- line ).
- ^ HN Shah, MD Collins: Genus Bacteroides. A chemotaxonomical perspective . In: Journal of Applied Bacteriology . tape 55 , 1983, pp. 403-416 .
- ↑ Systematics according to JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) (as of June 4, 2020)
literature
- Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 331-351 ( online ).