Cytophaga
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cytophaga | ||||||||||||
| Winogradsky 1929 |
Cytophaga is a genus of bacteria that belongs to the division of Bacteroidetes . The type species is Cytophaga hutchinsonii Winogradsky 1929 . Types of Cytopohaga are found in soil and are important for the bacterial breakdown of cellulose .
Appearance
The cells are rod-shaped, approximately 0.3-0.5 µm wide and 2-10 µm long, with slightly pointed ends. The gram test is negative. They do not form rest stages. There are no flagella . The locomotion is sliding. The colonies are yellow to orange in color, pigments are carotenoids and flexirubin in Cytophaga hutchinsonii and Cytophaga xylanolytica .
Growth and metabolism
Cytophaga is chemoorganotroph . Metabolism is breathing with oxygen as an electron acceptor . The oxidase test is positive, the catalase test negative. The species Cytophaga aurantiaca and Cytophaga hutchinsonii are important for the bacterial decomposition of cellulose in well-oxygenated ( oxic ) locations. When cellulose breaks down, the bacteria adhere to the fibers of the cellulose . The enzyme ( cellulase ) remains attached to the cell wall, free, soluble enzymes for the breakdown are not formed. The related genus Sporocytophaga can also use cellulose. Cellulose is only converted by a few groups of organisms; in addition to bacteria, fungi are particularly important .
Systematics
The following species are placed on Cytophaga :
- Cytophaga aurantiaca (ex Winogradsky 1929) Reichenbach 1989
- Cytophaga fermentans Bachmann 1955
- Cytophaga hutchinsonii Winogradsky 1929
- Cytophaga xylanolytica Haack and Breznak 1993
literature
- Jiri Hausler: Freshwater flora of Central Europe. Volume 20: Schizomycetes . Springer, New York 1982, ISBN 978-3-8274-2141-8 , pp. 140-145 .
- Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Microbiology . 11th edition. Pearson Studium, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8273-7358-8 , pp. 455-456 .
- Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 371-423 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Systematics according to List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) - Cytophaga (as of April 4, 2019).
