Cytophaga hutchinsonii
| Cytophaga hutchinsonii | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cytophaga hutchinsonii | ||||||||||||
| Winogradsky 1929 |
Cytophaga hutchinsonii is a type of bacteria . It is ableto use cellulose as a nutrient and is therefore important for the breakdown of plant residues.
Appearance
The cells of Cytophaga hutchinsonii are rod-shaped, 0.3-0.5 μm wide and 2-10 μm long. Spores are not formed. There are no flagella , but C. hutchinsonii shows , like many other family members of the Cytophagaceae, a rapid gliding motility over surfaces. The species probably moves according to the same mechanism as Flavobacterium johnsoniae . This enables the bacterium to migrate along insoluble cellulose particles and to attack them enzymatically. This can also help the cells penetrate deeply into the cellulose matrix.
Growth and metabolism
Cytophaga hutchinsonii is dependent on oxygen ( aerobic ). The metabolic pathway is breathing with oxygen as the ultimate electron acceptor. The bacterium needs organic substances to grow, so it is chemo-organotrophic .
C. hutchinsonii agar with embedded cellulose fibers can be used to grow pure cultures . The bacterium has a very limited range of substrates that it can use for growth. In addition to cellulose, most strains can still use glucose and cellobiose . Cellobiose is a disaccharide and is also formed naturally when cellulose breaks down. In some cases, however, the cultures first have to adapt for a while in order to finally show good growth with these soluble carbohydrates . This adaptation is likely due to mutations.
Agar , chitin , pectins or starch are not used. The optimal growth temperature is 30 ° C. The colonies are colored bright yellow due to the dye flexirubin . The oxidase test is positive, the catalase test is negative or only slightly positive. The Gram test is negative.
Systematics
Cytophaga hutchinsonii is the type species of the genus Cytophaga and was first described in 1929 by the microbiologist Sergei Nikolajewitsch Winogradski . It belongs to the family of the Cytophagaceae , which in turn belongs to the order Cytophagales .
ecology
Since Cytophaga hutchinsonii is able to break down cellulose from plant debris, it is an important soil bacterium. Other bacteria that are important for the degradation of substances in the soil are z. B. Cytophaga aurantiaca and species of Sporocytophaga , Flexibacter and Flexithrix .
etymology
The genus name Cytophaga is derived from the Greek word cytos (cell) and the Greek verb phagein (to eat ) and refers to the ability to break down the cell walls of plants. The species name C. hutchinsonii was chosen in honor of the English bacteriologist HB Hutchinson.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Eugene Rosenberg, Edward F. DeLong, Stephen Lory, Erko Stackebrandt and Fabiano Thompson: The Prokaryotes. Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and The Archaea . Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-3-642-38955-9
- ↑ Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Mikrobiologie . 13th edition. Pearson Studies, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-86894-144-9 .
- ↑ Johannes CG Ottow : Microbiology of Soils: Biodiversity, Ecophysiology and Metagenomics , Springer Verlag, Heidelberg New York 2011, ISBN 3-642-00823-2 .
literature
- Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Microbiology . 11th edition. Pearson Studium, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8273-7358-8 , pp. 455-456 .
- Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 371-423 .
- Eugene Rosenberg, Edward F. DeLong, Stephen Lory, Erko Stackebrandt and Fabiano Thompson: The Prokaryotes. Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and The Archaea . Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-3-642-38955-9
