Cytophagales
| Cytophagales | ||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||
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| Scientific name of the class | ||||||||
| Cytophagia | ||||||||
| Nakagawa 2012 | ||||||||
| Scientific name of the order | ||||||||
| Cytophagales | ||||||||
| Leadbetter 1974 |
The cytophagales are an order of bacteria. They are the only order of the class of the Cytophagia . The name is derived from the Greek word cytos (container, in the biological sense cell) and the Greek verb phagein (to eat).
Appearance
The gram test is negative. The cells are long rods 0.3–0.5 µm × 2–10 µm in size. The majority are motile by sliding motion. Spores are not formed. The colonies are usually yellow, orange, pink, or red in color. Pigments are carotenoids and flexirubin . Some types are psychrophilic .
metabolism
The growth is mostly aerobic , some are microaerobic , meaning they require low levels of oxygen, or are brilliantly anaerobic . All species are chemo-organotrophic . Metabolism is respiration, few species can use the fermentation of glucose . This includes, for example, Flammeovirga aprica . Most members of the order can use various organic macromolecules for metabolism. These include B. Proteins such as casein and gelatin , lipids , esculin , starch , pectins , agar and others. Some species can also break down cellulose and are important bacteria in the soil that are important for the material cycle in the ecosystem.
Systematics
The order Cytophagales was introduced by Edward R. Leadbetter in 1974. At that time it consisted of three families: Cytophagaceae , Flavobacteriaceae and Bacteroidaceae and some genera that were not further classified. The Flavobacteriaceae is now placed in the class Flavobacteriia , the Bacteroidaceae in Bacteroidia . Based on DNA sequences , the order now consists of the following families:
- Bernardetiaceae Hahnke et al. 2017
- Catalimonadaceae Choi et al. 2013
- Cyclobacteriaceae Nedashkovskaya and Ludwig 2012
- Cytophagaceae Stanier 1940
- Flammeovirgaceae Yoon et al. 2011
- Microscillaceae Hahnke et al. 2017
- Mooreiaceae Choi et al. 2013
- Persicobacteraceae Munoz et al. 2016
- Thermonemataceae Munoz et al. 2016
The family Rhodothermaceae , which was previously managed here, was placed in a new phylum, the Rhodothermaeota , in 2016 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Reichenbach: Order II. Cytophagales nomen novum . In: Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology . 8th edition. Springer, New York 1974, pp. 99-122 .
- ↑ Systematics according to JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) (as of January 16, 2019)
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^ Raul Munoz, Ramon Rosselló-Móra, Rudolf Amann:
- Revised phylogeny of Bacteroidetes and proposal of sixteen new taxa and two new combinations including Rhodothermaeota phyl. nov. In: Systematic and Applied Microbiology
literature
- Noel R. war include: The bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (mollicutes) Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes (= Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . Band 4 ). 2nd Edition. Springer, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 370 ( limited preview in Google Book search).